AERODYNAMICS – II

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UNIT - I
ONE DIMENSIONAL FLOW
Part - A (Short Answer Questions)
1 Explain about compressible and incompressible flow. Understand 1
2 Explain types of thermodynamic equilibrium in brief. Understand 1
3 State First law of Thermodynamics. Knowledge 1
4 What is internal energy for a gas? Explain. Knowledge 1
5 Explain throttling process. Knowledge 1
6 Explain adiabatic, isentropic processes. Understand 1
7 Write entropy change relations. Remember 1
8 Give isentropic relations for a flow. Understand 1
9 Explain types of thermodynamic system. Understand 1
10 Describe a reversible process. Understand 1
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Define compressibility of flow. Give the expression for Understand 1
compressibility?
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2 Write short notes on internal energy, enthalpy, calorifically perfect Understand 1
gas and perfect gas?
3 Explain about adiabatic, reversible, irreversible and isentropic Understand 1
processes?
4 Explain Joule Thompson experiment and throttling process? Analyze 1
5 What is a system? Explain all types of thermodynamic systems? Understand 1
6 When is a system said to be in equilibrium? Explain different types Understand 1
of equilibrium?
7 Explain Mach number? How are flows classified based on Mach Remember 1
numbers?
8 What are variables of state? Explain first law of thermodynamics. Understand 1
Write equation for first law reversible process?
9 What is isentropic process? Derive isentropic relations? Remember 1
10 Explain second law of thermodynamics? Write equations for Understand 1
entropy change relations?
Part - C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Questions)
1 Consider the flow properties at the point in the flow where the Evaluate 1
temperature is 320 k and velocity is 100m/s. Calculate the Mach
number at this point?
2 Calculate the ratio of kinetic energy to internal energy at a point in Evaluate 1
the flow where the Mach number is M=2 and M=20.
3 At a point in the flow the pressure, temperature and velocity are Evaluate 1
1atm, 320 k, and 1000m/s. Calculate the total temperature and total
pressure at this point.
4 Consider a rectangular floor that is 5m by 7m and a 5m height Evaluate 1
ceiling, The air pressure and temperature in the room are 1atm and
25c respectively, calculate the internal energy and enthalpy of the
air in the room.
5 Consider airplane flying at an altitude of 20,000m. The pressure at a Evaluate 1
point on the wing is 19152N/m2, assuming isentropic flow over the
wing, calculate the temperature at this point?
6 Consider a rectangular room that is 5m by 10m and a 5m height Analyze 1
ceiling, The temperature and air pressure in the room is 350c and
3atm respectively, calculate the enthalpy and internal energy of the
air in the room.
7 At a point in an airflow the pressure, temperature and velocity are Analyze 1
1atm, 320k and 1000m/s. Calculate the total temperature and
pressure at this point.
8 For a point in the flow where temperature is 320k and velocity is Evaluate 1
100m/s calculate the Mach number.
9 Calculate the ratio of stagnation temperate to static temperature at a Analyze 1
point in the flow where the Mach number is M=5.
10 At a point in the flow the pressure, temperature and velocity are Analyze 1
5atm, 150 k, and 100m/s. Calculate the total temperature and total
pressure at this point.
UNIT - II
NORMAL SHOCK WAVES
Part – A (Short Answer Questions)
1 Write continuity equation for a 1-D flow. Understand 2
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2 Write the continuity and momentum equation for constant area Understand 2
duct.
3 Write 1-D momentum equation for inviscid flow? Understand 2
4 Write the relations across a normal shock? Remember 2
5 What is Mach number state its significance? Understand 2
6 Write the equation for measurement of air speed in compressible Remember 2
subsonic flow.
7 Write the equation for measurement of air speed in compressible Remember 2
supersonic flow.
8 Write the energy equation? Remember 2
9 Explain throttling process? Understand 2
10 Write equation for relations between stagnation pressures, density Remember 2
with Mach number.
Part - B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Obtain an equation for continuity? Write continuity equation for 1- Understand 2
D flow?
2 Obtain an equation for momentum for in viscid flow and write its Understand 2
equation in 1-D?
3 Derive continuity and momentum equation for constant area duct? Understand 2
4 Obtain relation for area and velocity for a flow over a nozzle? Remember 2
5 Obtain the relations for normal shock? Understand 2
6 Obtain normal shock wave basic equations? Remember 2
7 Derive an equation for relation between stagnation pressure /density Remember 2
and Mach number?
8 Explain entropy rise across normal shock and its relation to Remember 2
pressure rise?
9 Explain about the measurement of air speed in compressible Understand 2
subsonic and supersonic flows?
10 Discuss various forms of energy equation. Understand 2
Part – C (Problem Solving And Critical Thinking)
1 At a point in an airflow the pressure, temperature and velocity are Evaluate 2
1atm, 320k , and 1000m/s. Calculate the total temperature and total
pressure at this point?
2 The temperature and pressure at the stagnation point of a high - Evaluate 2
speed missile is 518.9k and 7.8atm [Link] the
density at the point.
3 The temperature and pressure at the stagnation point of a high - Analyze 2
speed missile is 518.9k and 7.8atm respectively. Calculate the
density at the point. Calculate Cp, Cv, e and h for air at standardsea
level conditions.
4 Consider a normal shock wave in air where the upstream flow Analyze 2
properties are 680m/s, T1 =288k, and P1= 1 atm. calculate the
velocity , temperature and pressure downstream the shock.
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5 Consider a body of arbitrary shape if the pressure distribution over Evaluate 2
the surface of the body is constant, prove that the resultant pressure
force on the body is zero.
6 Consider air at a temperature of 230K, calculate the speed of sound. Evaluate 2
7 The temperature in the reservoir of a supersonic wind tunnel is, Evaluate 2
288K, in the test section, the flow velocity is 422.15 m/s. calculate
the test section mach number, assume the tunnel flow is adiabatic.
Consider the isentropic flow through a supersonic nozzle if the test Evaluate 2
8 section conditions are given by P is 1atm, T is 230K, Mach is 2
calculate the reservoir pressure and temperature.
9 Consider a flow with pressure and temperature of 1 atm and 288K, a Analyze 2
pitot tube is inserted in to the flow and measures a pressure of 1.55
atm, what is the velocity of the flow.
10 At a given point in the flow, T is 300K P is 1.2 atm, V is 250m/s, Evaluate 2
calculate the corresponding values of P0, T0, M*, P*.
UNIT-III

Part - A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Difference between oblique and normal shocks? Remember 3
2 Write short notes on supersonic flow over the wedge? Understand 3
3 What is a Mach wave? Understand 3
4 Write short notes on wave drag? Understand 3
5 Write short notes on supersonic flow over a diamond airfoil? Understand 3
6 Explain Mach reflection and slip stream? Understand 3
7 Write short notes on detached shock wave in front of a bluff 2-D Understand 3
body?
8 What is shock standoff distance? Understand 3
9 Differentiate between weak oblique shock and strong oblique Understand 3
shock?
10 Write about intersection of shocks? Understand 3
Part – B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Write notes on supersonic flow over a wedge and cone with Remember 3
attached shock?
2 What is a Mach wave, Mach line, Mach angle? Understand 3
3 Write about shock boundary layer interactions? Understand 3
4 Explain supersonic flow over a flat plate at an angle of attack? Understand 3
5 Write about intersection of shocks, Mach reflection? Understand 3
6 Explain shock detachment and analyze the flow for large wedge Analyze 3
angles?
7 Explain about detached shock wave in front of a bluff 2-D body? Analyze 3
8 Write about expansion fan and Prandtl-Meyer function? Understand 3
9 What is shock expansion theory how it is applicable to supersonic Analyze 3
airfoils?
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10 Analyze Supersonic flow over a diamond airfoil? Understand 3
Part – C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking)
0
1 A wedge with a 15 half angle in a Mach 5 flow, calculate drag co - Evaluate 3
efficient?
2 A supersonic flow with M1 = 1.5 , p1= 1 atm and T1= 288k is Evaluate 3
expanded around a sharp corner through a deflection angle
[Link] T2,V2,and the angles that the forward and rearward
Mach lines with respect to the upstream flow direction .
3 Calculate the lift and drag coefficients for a flat plate at 5 0 angle of Evaluate 3
attack in a Mach 3 flow.
4 A slender missile is flying at Mach 1.5 at low altitude. Assume the Evaluate 3
wave generated by the nose of the missile is a Mach wave. This
wave intersects the ground 559ft behind nose .at what altitude isthe
missile flying?
5 Consider the flow over a 22.20 half angle wedge .If M1=2.5 P1= Evaluate 3
1atm and T1= 300k, calculate the wave angle and p2 T2.
6 For pressure 1atm, Mach 3 calculate the total pressure behind the Analyze 3
shock.
7 Consider an infinitesimally thin flat plate at an angle of attack in a Analyze 3
Mach 2.3 flow. Calculate the lift and wave drag co-efficient for an
angle of attack α=50.
8 A supersonic flow at M1=1.58 and p1 = 1atm expands around a sharp Evaluate 3
corner .If the pressure downstream of the corner is0.1306atm;
calculate the deflection angle of the corner.
9 For a flow with M=2, P=1atm and T=288k, this flow is deflected at Analyze 3
a compression corner through 200. calculate M,P,T.
10 A wedge with a 450 half angle in a Mach 5 flow, calculate lift co- Evaluate 3
efficient

UNIT-IV

Part – A (Short Answer Questions)

1 What is a choked flow? Understand 4
2 Write about over expanded flow at the nozzle exit? Understand 4
How does the position of the normal shock vary with the back Understand 4
3
pressure at the exit of the nozzle?
4 What is back pressure? Understand 4
5 Write an equation for area velocity relation? Understand 4
6 What do you mean by steady level flight? Remember 4
7 What is critical Mach number? Understand 4
8 What is divergence Mach number? Remember 4
9 Write short notes on super critical aerofoil? Understand 4
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10 What is ideally expanded flow? Remember 4
Part – B (Long Answer Questions)
1 Obtain an expression for area velocity relation? Understand 4
2 Explain about wave reflection from free boundary? Understand 4
3 Give a brief outline of operation of supersonic wind tunnels Understand 4
employing convergent -divergent nozzles?
4 Explain about choked flow, ideally expanded, over-expanded, Understand 4
under expanded flows?
5 Write about appearance of normal shock? Understand 4
6 What is mass flow rate, give the effect of stagnation conditions, Remember 4
back pressure?
7 Explain about critical Mach number, Drag Divergence Mach Understand 4
number?
8 Write about super-critical airfoils? Remember 4
9 Explain about whitcombs transonic area rule? Understand 4
10 Write about sound barrier, swept wings at transonic speed? Analyze 4
Part – C (Problem Solving And Critical Thinking)
1 At a given point on the surface of an aerofoil, the pressure Evaluate 4
coefficient is -0.3 at very low speeds. If the free streamMach
number is 0.6, calculate Cp at this point.
2 What is the reservoir pressure for the tunnel if The nozzle of a Evaluate 4
supersonic wind tunnel has an exit to throat area ratio of 6.79 when
the tunnel is running, a pitot tube mounted in the test section,
measures 1.448 atm.
3 P0 is 50atm, T0is 5200K, A* is 0.8m2, R is 220J/KgK, calculate the Evaluate 4
mass flow rate.
4 Calculate the mass flow through the nozzle assuming that reservoirs Evaluate 4
temperature is 288K and throat area is 0.3 m 2
5 A pitot tube at the exit of a supersonic nozzle reads, 8.92X 104N/m2. Evaluate 4
If the reservoir pressure is 2.02 X 105 N/m2, calculate thearea
ratio of the nozzle (Ae/A*).
6 The reservoir pressure and temperature for a convergent divergent Evaluate 4
nozzle are 5atm and 288.8K, The flow is expanded isentropically at
the nozzle exit, if the exit to throat area ratio is 2.983, calculate the
following properties.
a) Mach number
b) Temperature at theexit
c) Density at theexit
d) Pressure at theexit
7 The nozzle of a supersonic wind tunnel has an exit to throat area Evaluate 4
ratio of 6.79 when the tunnel is running, a pitot tube mounted in the
test section, measures 1.448atm, what is the reservoir pressurefor
the tunnel.
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8 For a design of a Mach 2 supersonic wind tunnel, calculate the ratio Evaluate 4
of diffuser throat area to the nozzle throat area.
9 Calculate the mass flow rate using the close form analytical Evaluate 4
expression where P0 is 30atm, T0is 3500K, A* is 0.4m2, R is
520J/KgK.
10 Consider the isentropic supersonic flow with a convergent divergent Evaluate 4
nozzle with an exit through throat area ratio of 10.25, the reservoir
pressure and temperature are 5atm and 333.33 K. Calculate M, P
and T.
UNIT-V

Part - A (Short Answer Questions)

1 Explain the principle of limited upstream influence in supersonic Understand 5
flow?
2 When is a flow said to be hypersonic? Give examples? Remember 5
3 Write short notes on wind ward surface and Lee ward surface? Understand 5
4 Write short notes for Delta wing with supersonic leading edge? Understand 5
5 Write short notes for Delta wing with subsonic leading edge? Understand 5
6 What are the qualitative aspects of hypersonic flow? Understand 5
7 Write the ordinary Differential equation for a conical flow? Understand 5
8 What is a semi -infinite cone Remember 5
9 Compare pressure rise for wedge and cone of equal semi-angle? Understand 5
10 What is the difference between the flow over the wedge and cone? Remember 5

Part - B (Long Answer Questions)

1 Explain about method of characteristics? Understand 5
2 Write about air loads over flat rectangular wings of finite span? Understand 5
3 Explain about windward and leeward surface Apply 5
4 Give ordinary differential equation for conical flow? Remember 5
5 Explain comparison of pressure rise for wedge and cone of equal Remember 5
semi-angle?
6 Derive expression for lift and drag of flat plate wings at hypersonic Understand 5
speeds
7 Write the governing equations for linearized supersonic flow? Remember 5
8 Explain principle of limited upstream influence in supersonic flow? Understand 5
9 Explain the flow phenomena for a delta wing with supersonic Understand 5
leading edge and subsonic leading edge?
10 Explain method of characteristics for the application to supersonic Understand 5
nozzle design?
Part – C (Problem Solving and Critical Thinking)
1 Consider a flat plat at angle of attack 200 in Mach 20 free stream. Evaluate 5
Using straight Newtonian theory, calculate the lift – and wave drag
coefficients.
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2 Using linear zed theory, calculate the lift and drag co-efficient for a Evaluate 5
flat at 50 angle of attack in a Mach 3 flow.
3 Calculate the lift and wave drag coefficients for an infinitely thin Evaluate 5
flat plate in a Mach 2.6 free stream at angles of attack of 5 0.
4 Consider diamond wedge airfoil with a half –angle ɛ = 100. The Evaluate 5
airfoil is at angle of attack 15 to a Mach 3 free stream.
5 The theoretical lift co-efficient for a thin, symmetric airfoil in an Analyse 5
incompressible flow is cl= 2πα. Calculate the lift coefficient for M
free stream =0.7.
6 At a given point on the surface of an airfoil, the pressure co-efficient Evaluate 5
is -0.3 at very low speeds. If free stream Mach number is 0.6
calculate Cp at this point.
7 Consider a flat plat at angle of attack 500 in Mach 20 free stream. Analyse 5
Using straight Newtonian theory, calculate and co-efficient of lift.
8 Consider diamond wedge airfoil with a half –angle ɛ = 100. The Analyse 5
airfoil is at angle of attack 15 to a Mach 5 free stream. Calculate lift.
9 Calculate the pressure at the top and bottom surfaces of the flat plate Evaluate 5
using linearized theory?
10 Calculate L/D ratio for flight conditions of Mach 2.0 at an altitude Analyse 5
of 11km. for these conditions the wing angle of attack is 0.035rad,
assume chord length of airfoil is 2.2m.