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Commutator Transformation C2 in Synchronous Machines

1. The document describes applying the commutator transformation C2 to the synchronous machine model to transform it from the αβ reference frame to the dq reference frame. 2. Under the C2 transformation, the stator equations remain unchanged as the stator is already in the dq reference frame, while the rotor transformations are altered. 3. The resulting transformed synchronous machine model Z′′ contains the rotor resistances and inductances along the d- and q- axes and the cross-coupling terms between the d- and q- axes induced voltages and currents.

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Ali Aldesoge
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16 views8 pages

Commutator Transformation C2 in Synchronous Machines

1. The document describes applying the commutator transformation C2 to the synchronous machine model to transform it from the αβ reference frame to the dq reference frame. 2. Under the C2 transformation, the stator equations remain unchanged as the stator is already in the dq reference frame, while the rotor transformations are altered. 3. The resulting transformed synchronous machine model Z′′ contains the rotor resistances and inductances along the d- and q- axes and the cross-coupling terms between the d- and q- axes induced voltages and currents.

Uploaded by

Ali Aldesoge
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1 Appling the commutator Transformation C2 for synchronous machines:

𝑭 𝑸 𝜶 𝜷′
𝑭 𝑅𝐹 + 𝐿𝐹 𝜌 0 𝑀𝐹 𝜌 cos 𝜃 −𝑀𝐹 𝜌 sin 𝜃
𝑸 0 𝑅𝑄 + 𝐿𝑄 𝜌 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 sin 𝜃 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 cos 𝜃
𝑍′ =
𝜶 𝑀𝐹 𝜌 cos 𝜃 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 sin 𝜃 𝑅2 + 𝜌 𝐿𝑎 + 𝐿𝑏 cos 2𝜃 −𝐿𝑏 𝜌 sin 2𝜃
𝜷′ −𝑀𝐹 𝜌 sin 𝜃 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 cos 𝜃 −𝐿𝑏 𝜌 sin 2𝜃 𝑅2 + 𝜌 𝐿𝑎 − 𝐿𝑏 cos 2𝜃

𝑧 ′ 𝑧12 ′
𝑍 ′ = 11 ′
𝑧21 𝑧22 ′

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝐶2 = 𝐶2 −1 =
cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃
The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 9 21-Feb-20
2
C2 transform the rotor only because the stator is already
in d and q axis.
C2 transforms 𝛼 and 𝛽 to d and q.
As we know
1 0
𝑧′ = 𝑐𝑡 𝑧𝑐 and 𝑐=
0 𝑐2
so:

′′ 1 0 𝑧11 ′ 𝑧12 ′ 1 0 𝑧11 ′ 𝑧12 ′ 𝑐2


𝑧 = =
0 𝑐2𝑡 𝑧21 ′ 𝑧22 ′ 0 𝑐2 𝑐2 𝑡 𝑧21 ′ 𝑐2 𝑡 𝑧22 ′ 𝑐2
𝑧11 ′′ 𝑧12 ′′
=
𝑧21 ′′ 𝑧22 ′′
′′ ′ 𝑅𝐹 + 𝐿𝐹 𝜌 0
𝑧11 = 𝑧11 = 0 𝑅𝑄 + 𝐿𝑄 𝜌
The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 9 21-Feb-20
3 𝑧12 ′′ = 𝑧12 ′ 𝑐2
𝑀𝐹 𝜌 cos 𝜃 −𝑀𝐹 𝜌 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
= 𝑀 𝜌 sin 𝜃 𝑀 𝜌 cos 𝜃
𝑄 𝑄 cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃
0 𝑀𝐹 𝜌
= 𝑀 𝜌 0
𝑄
We may note that θ is disappear.

𝑧21 ′′ = 𝑐2 𝑡 𝑧21 ′
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑀𝐹 𝜌 cos 𝜃 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 sin 𝜃
= =
cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃 −𝑀𝐹 𝜌 sin 𝜃 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 cos 𝜃

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 9 21-Feb-20


4

′′
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑀𝐹 𝜌 cos 𝜃 − cos 𝜃𝑀𝐹 𝜌 sin 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑀𝑄 𝜌 sin 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑀𝑄 𝜌 cos 𝜃
𝑧21 =
cos 𝜃 𝑀𝐹 𝜌 cos 𝜃 + sin 𝜃 𝑀𝐹 𝜌 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 sin 𝜃 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑀𝑄 𝜌 cos 𝜃

Since Z*i=V , and 𝜃 & I change with respect to time , and 𝜌 is the partial differential operator , then
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑀𝐹 𝜌 cos 𝜃 𝑖 − cos 𝜃𝑀𝐹 𝜌 sin 𝜃𝑖 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑀𝐹 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝜌𝑖 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑀𝐹 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝜌𝜃 − cos 𝜃𝑀𝐹 sin 𝜃(𝜌𝑖) − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑀𝐹 𝑖cos𝜃 𝜌𝜃 = −𝑀𝐹 𝑖 𝜌𝜃 = −𝑀𝐹 𝑤𝑟 𝑖
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑀𝑄 𝜌 sin 𝜃𝑖 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑀𝑄 𝜌 cos 𝜃 𝑖 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑀𝑄 sin 𝜃 𝜌𝑖 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑀𝑄 𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝜌𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑀𝑄 cos 𝜃 𝜌𝑖 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑀𝑄 𝑖sin 𝜃 𝜌𝜃 = 𝑀𝑄 𝜌𝑖 = 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 𝑖
𝜌𝜃 = 𝑤𝑟 = is the angular velocity

′′
−𝑀𝐹 𝑤𝑟 𝑀𝑄 𝜌
𝑧21 =
𝑀𝐹 𝜌 𝑀𝑄 𝑤𝑟
The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 9 21-Feb-20
′′
𝑅2 + 𝐿𝑞 𝜌 −𝐿𝑑 𝑤𝑟
5 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦, 𝑧22 = 𝑐2 𝑡 𝑧22 ′ 𝑐2 =
𝐿𝑞 𝑤𝑟 𝑅2 + 𝐿𝑑 𝜌
Again θ disappear.
𝐿𝑑 = 𝐿𝑎 + 𝐿𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿𝑞 = 𝐿𝑎 − 𝐿𝑏 and −2𝐿𝑏 = 𝐿𝑞 − 𝐿𝑑
The final transformation 𝑍 ′′ is:
𝑭 𝑸 𝒒 𝒅
𝑭 𝑅𝐹 + 𝐿𝐹 𝜌 0 0 𝑀𝐹 𝜌
𝑸 0 𝑅𝑄 + 𝐿𝑄 𝜌 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 0
𝑍 ′′ =
𝒒 −𝑀𝐹 𝑤𝑟 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 𝑅2 + 𝐿𝑞 𝜌 −𝐿𝑑 𝑤𝑟
𝒅 𝑀𝐹 𝜌 𝑀𝑄 𝑤𝑟 𝐿𝑞 𝑤𝑟 𝑅2 + 𝐿𝑑 𝜌

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 9 21-Feb-20


6 To get the torque:
1 ′ 𝑑𝐿′ ′ 1 ′′ 𝑑𝐿′′ ′′
𝑇 ′′ = 𝑖 𝑖 = 𝑖 𝑖
2 𝑡 𝑑𝜃 2 𝑡 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝐿′′ 𝑑𝐿′
Where = 𝑐2 𝑡 𝑐
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 2

0 0 −𝑀𝐹 0
𝑑𝐿′′ 𝑑𝐿′ 0 0 0 𝑀𝑄
= 𝑐2 𝑡 𝑐2 =
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 −𝑀𝐹 0 0 −2𝐿𝑏
0 𝑀𝑄 −2𝐿𝑏 0

𝑇 ′′ = −𝑀𝐹 𝐼𝐹 𝐼𝑞 + 𝑀𝑄 𝐼𝑄 𝐼𝑑 −2𝐿𝑏 𝑖𝑞 𝐼𝑑
The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 9 21-Feb-20
7 And the compete transformation is:
𝑅1 + 𝐿1 𝜌 0 0 𝑀𝜌
′′ 0 𝑅1 + 𝐿1 𝜌 𝑀𝜌 0
𝑍 (𝐼. 𝑀) =
−𝑀𝑤𝑟 𝑀𝜌 𝑅2 + 𝐿2 𝜌 −𝐿2 𝑤𝑟
𝑀𝜌 𝑀𝑤𝑟 𝐿2 𝑤𝑟 𝑅2 + 𝐿2 𝜌

Or could be found from the salient pole synchronous


machines and taking induction machines as a special case.
𝑅𝐹 + 𝐿𝐹 𝜌 0 0 𝑀𝐹 𝜌
0 𝑅𝑄 + 𝐿𝑄 𝜌 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 0
𝑍 ′′ (𝑠𝑦𝑛𝑐ℎ) =
−𝑀𝐹 𝑤𝑟 𝑀𝑄 𝜌 𝑅2 + 𝐿𝑞 𝜌 −𝐿𝑑 𝑤𝑟
𝑀𝐹 𝜌 𝑀𝑄 𝑤𝑟 𝐿𝑞 𝑤𝑟 𝑅2 + 𝐿𝑑 𝜌
The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 9 21-Feb-20
8 To get the torque:
1 ′ 𝑑𝐿′ ′ 1 ′′ 𝑑𝐿′′ ′′
𝑇 ′′ = 𝑖 𝑖 = 𝑖 𝑖
2 𝑡 𝑑𝜃 2 𝑡 𝑑𝜃
𝑑𝐿′′ 𝑑𝐿′
Where = 𝑐2 𝑡 𝑐
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 2

0 0 0 0
𝑑𝐿′′ 0 0 0 0
=
𝑑𝜃 −𝑀 0 0 −𝐿2
0 𝑀 𝐿2 0

∴ 𝑇 = −𝑀𝐼𝐴 𝐼𝑞 + 𝑀𝐼𝐵 𝐼𝑑
The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 9 21-Feb-20

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