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Unified Machines Theory: Lecture 5 Insights

1. The document describes a commutator transformation C2 that transforms a rotating two-phase frame (α, β) into a fixed two-phase frame (d, q). 2. It provides the mathematical relationships between the currents and voltages in the two reference frames under the transformation. 3. It then applies a similar commutator transformation C1 to the voltage equations of a balanced three-phase winding to simplify the impedance matrix from 9 elements to just 3 non-zero elements. This results in 3 decoupled impedance circuits for the transformed reference frame.

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Ali Aldesoge
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105 views12 pages

Unified Machines Theory: Lecture 5 Insights

1. The document describes a commutator transformation C2 that transforms a rotating two-phase frame (α, β) into a fixed two-phase frame (d, q). 2. It provides the mathematical relationships between the currents and voltages in the two reference frames under the transformation. 3. It then applies a similar commutator transformation C1 to the voltage equations of a balanced three-phase winding to simplify the impedance matrix from 9 elements to just 3 non-zero elements. This results in 3 decoupled impedance circuits for the transformed reference frame.

Uploaded by

Ali Aldesoge
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1 2.

Commutator transformation 𝑪𝟐 which transforms the rotating


2.ɸ (𝛼 , 𝛽) into fixed (d , q) axis. (d for direct & q for
quadrature).

𝑰𝒒

𝑰𝒒

𝑵𝑰𝛽

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20


2 If the rotating 2- phase (𝛼 , 𝛽 ) is replaced by an equivalent fixed 2 – phase (d ,
q) then takes the m.m.f :
∴ NIq = NIα sin θ + NIβ cos θ Or: Iq = Iα sin θ + Iβ cos θ
And similarly:
NId = NIα cos θ − NIβ sin θ Or: Id = Iα cos θ − Iβ sin θ

Or:
Iq sin θ cos θ Iα
=
Id cos θ −sin θ Iβ
Iq Iα
is the new system I ′ & Iβ is the old system I
Id

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20


3 But: 𝐼 = 𝐶2 𝐼 ′ or 𝐼 ′ = 𝐶2 −1 𝐼

sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
𝐶2 −1 =
cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃
−1 −1 −1 − sin 𝜃 − cos 𝜃
𝐶2 = (𝐶2 ) =
sin 𝜃 2 + cos 𝜃 2 −cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃
2 2 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
But: sin 𝜃 + cos 𝜃 = 1 ====> 𝐶2 =
cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃
Notice :
𝐶2 −1 = 𝐶2 = 𝐶2 𝑡 ( Give Commutator Transformation )
𝐶2 −1 𝐶2 = 𝐶2 𝐶2 𝑡 = 1 (Give Orthogonal )

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20


4 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 1 0
𝐶2 𝑡 𝐶2 = =
cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃 0 1
𝐼𝛼 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝐼𝑞
𝐼𝛽 =
cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃 𝐼𝑑
𝐼𝑞 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝐼𝛼
=
𝐼𝑑 cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃 𝐼𝛽
To put 𝐶2 in 3*3 form we simply add 𝐼0 to b both side:
𝐼0 1 0 0 𝐼0
𝐼𝛼 = 0 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃 𝐼𝑞
𝐼𝛽 0 cos 𝜃 −sin 𝜃 𝐼𝑑

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20


5
Effect of 𝑪𝟏 :
On balanced 3 - ɸ winding (like stator of 3 - ɸ
induction machine):

Some simplification can be made due to the


windings being identical:
1. 𝑅𝑟 = 𝑅𝑦 = 𝑅𝑏 = 𝑅
2. 𝐿𝑟 = 𝐿𝑦 = 𝐿𝑏 = 𝐿
3. 𝑀𝑟𝑦 = 𝑀𝑦𝑏 = 𝑀𝑏𝑟 = 𝑀

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20


6 And if the air gab is uniform the 𝐿 & 𝑀 are independent of rotor position
(θ) or time, i.e. can be assumed constant.
The voltage equation can be reduced to:
𝑉𝑟 𝑅 + 𝐿𝜌 𝑀𝜌 𝑀𝜌 𝐼𝑟
𝑑
𝑉𝑦 = 𝑀𝜌 𝑅 + 𝐿𝜌 𝑀𝜌 𝐼𝑦 Where 𝜌 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝑏 𝑀𝜌 𝑀𝜌 𝑅 + 𝐿𝜌 𝐼𝑏
And if we want to use 𝐶1 to transform into a two winding (𝛼 , 𝛽) we have:
𝑉 ′ = 𝑍 ′ 𝐼′
𝑉0 𝐼0
Where: 𝑉 ′ = 𝑉𝛼 &&& 𝐼 ′ = 𝐼𝛼
𝑉𝛽 𝐼𝛽

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20


7 And the lows of transformation holds i.e.
𝐼 = 𝐶1 𝐼 ′ & 𝑉 ′ = 𝐶1 𝑡 ∗ 𝑉 & 𝑍 ′ = 𝐶1 𝑡 ∗ 𝑍 𝐶1
We get:

1
1 0
2
𝑅 + 𝐿𝜌 𝑀𝜌 𝑀𝜌
2 1 1 3
𝑍 𝐶1 = 𝑀𝜌 𝑅 + 𝐿𝜌 𝑀𝜌 −
3 2 2 2
𝑀𝜌 𝑀𝜌 𝑅 + 𝐿𝜌
1 1 3
− −
2 2 2

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20


8 1
𝑅 + 𝐿 + 2𝑀 𝜌 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌 0
2
2 1 −1 3
𝑍 𝐶1 = 𝑅 + 𝐿 + 2𝑀 𝜌 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌
3 2 2 2
1 −1 − 3
𝑅 + 𝐿 + 2𝑀 𝜌 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌
2 2 2
𝑍 ′ = 𝐶1 𝑡 ∗ 𝑍 𝐶1

1 1 1 1
𝑅 + 𝐿 + 2𝑀 𝜌 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌 0
2 2 2 2
2 1 1 1 −1 3
∴ 𝑍′ = 1 −
2
−
2 2
𝑅 + 𝐿 + 2𝑀 𝜌
2
𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌
2
𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌
3
3 3 1 −1 − 3
0 − 𝑅 + 𝐿 + 2𝑀 𝜌 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌
2 2 2 2 2

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20


9 3
𝑅 + 𝐿 + 2𝑀 𝜌 0 0
2
2 3
𝑍′ = 0 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌 0
3 2
3
0 0 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌
2

𝑅 + 𝐿 + 2𝑀 𝜌 0 0
∴ 𝑍′ = 0 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌 0
0 0 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20


10 I.e. 𝐶1 reduce the impedance Z which has 9 elements into 𝑍 ′ which has only 3
elements of which 2 are equal and 6 elements equal to zero.
I.e. we have 𝑉 ′ = 𝑍 ′ 𝐼 ′ we get:
𝑉0 𝑅 + 𝐿 + 2𝑀 𝜌 0 0 𝐼0
𝑉𝛼 = 0 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌 0 𝐼𝛼
𝑉𝛽 0 0 𝑅+ 𝐿−𝑀 𝜌 𝐼𝛽

So we can write equations as:


𝑑𝐼0
𝑉0 = 𝑅 𝐼0 + 𝐿 + 2𝑀
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐼𝛼
𝑉𝛼 = 𝑅 𝐼𝛼 + 𝐿 − 𝑀
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐼𝛽
𝑉𝛽 = 𝑅 𝐼𝛽 + 𝐿 − 𝑀
𝑑𝑡
The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20
11

I.e. we get 3 impedance circuits:

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20


12

The Theory Of The Unified Machines Lecture 5 15-Feb-20

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