v LOCATION
KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IT IS AN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT LOCATED ON AN ARTIFICIAL ISLAND IN THE MIDDLE OF OSAKA BAY OFF THE
HONSHU SHORE, 38 KM (24 MI) SOUTHWEST OF ŌSAKA STATION, LOCATED WITHIN THREE MUNICIPALITIES :
• IZUMISANO (NORTH)
• SENNAN (SOUTH)
• TAJIRI (CENTRAL), IN OSAKA PREFECTURE, JAPAN.
KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (KIX) IS THE WORLD'S FIRST KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (KIX)
IS THE WORLD'S FIRST OCEAN AIRPORT, JAPANEAN AIRPORT, BUILT ON A LANDFILL ISLAND IN OSAKA
BAY, JAPAN.
IT IS THE LONGEST AIRPORT TERMINAL IN THE WORLD WITH A LENGTH OF 1.7 KM (1.1 M. }
TO CONNECT THE ISLAND TO THE MAINLAND, A BRIDGE WAS CONSTRUCTED WHICH ALLOWED FOR JAPAN OSAKA OSAKA BAY KIX AND SURROUNDINGS
HEAVY TRAFFIC FLOW TO AND FROM THE AIRPORT. THE IMPRESSIVE BRIDGE MEASURES IN AT
3750 M (12,300 FT) AND IS THE LONGEST TRUSS BRIDGE IN THE WORLD KANSAI OPENED ON 4 SEPTEMBER 1994 TO RELIEVE OVERCROWDING AT THE ORIGINAL OSAKA AIRPORT, REFERRED
TO AS ITAMI AIRPORT AND KIA IS THE 30TH BUSIEST AIRPORT IN ASIA AND 3RD BUSIEST IN JAPAN.
FREIGHT VOLUME WAS AT 802,162 TONNES TOTAL, OF WHICH 757,414 T WERE INTERNATIONAL (18TH IN THE WORLD),
AND 44,748 T WERE DOMESTIC. THE 4,000 M × 60 M (13,123 FT × 197 FT) SECOND RUNWAY WAS OPENED ON 2 AUGUST
2007.
KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (KIX) IS THE WORLD’S FIRST OCEAN
AIRPORT, BUILT ON A LANDFILL ISLAND IN OSAKA BAY, JAPAN. OPENED
IN 1994, BUILT ENTIRELY AS AN ARTIFICIAL ISLAND. BECAUSE THE SITE
IS BUILT UPON COMPACTED FILL, IT SUFFERS FROM SUBSIDENCE,
SINKING 2-4 CENTIMETERS PER YEAR THE ISLAND HAS SUNK 13.05 M
(42 FT) AT A RATE OF 50 CM/YR FOLLOWING CONSTRUCTION
IN 1990, A 3.75 KILOMETER BRIDGE WAS COMPLETED TO CONNECT THE ISLAND TO THE MAINLAND AT
RINKU TOWN, AT A COST OF $1 BILLION COMPLETION OF THE ARTIFICIAL ISLAND
CONSTRUCTION STARTED IN 1987. THE SEA WALL WAS FINISHED IN 1989 (MADE OF ROCK AND 48,000
TETRAPODS
10,000 WORKERS AND 10 MILLION WORK HOURS OVER THREE YEARS, USING EIGHTY SHIPS, WERE
NEEDED TO COMPLETE THE 30-METRE (98 FT) (OR 40 M) LAYER OF EARTH OVER THE SEA FLOOR AND
INSIDE THE SEA WALL.
AN ARTIFICIAL ISLAND, 4 KM (2.5 MI) LONG AND 2.5 KM (1.6 MI) WIDE, WAS [Link]
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT MAINTAINS ONE THE LARGEST SOLAR FARMS OF ANY AIRPORT IN ASIA
ENGINEERS NEEDED TO OVERCOME THE EXTREMELY HIGH RISKS OF EARTHQUAKES AND TYPHOONS
(WITH STORM SURGES OF UP TO 3 M, 10 FT).
THE WATER DEPTH IS 18 M ON TOP OF 20 M OF SOFT HOLOCENE CLAY WHICH HOLDS 70% WATER. A
MILLION SAND DRAINS WERE BUILT INTO THE CLAY TO REMOVE WATER AND SOLIDIFY THE CLAY MEASURES AGAINST UNEQUAL SETTLEMENT
.
RAFT FOUNDATION
COMPACTION OF THE FILLED GRANULAR LAYER
JACK-UP SYSTEM
THE SEA WALL WAS MADE OF
ROCK AND 48,000 CONCRETE
BLOCKS
IN THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION BELOW :
A - THE ANNUAL TRENDS IN THE AMOUNT OF COD AT KIX FROM 2002 TO 2016 AS CAN BE OBSERVED,
OTHER THAN THE RELATIVELY LARGE SPIKE IN 2004 IN THE YEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE, THE 2004 TO 2016
COD VALUE IS FAIRLY CONSTANT WITH AN AVERAGE OF 9.6 MG/L.
B - SHOWS THE ANNUAL TRENDS IN THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF NITROGEN (T-N) IN THE WASTEWATER
DISCHARGED AT KIX FROM 2002 TO 2016.
C - THE ANNUAL TRENDS IN THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF PHOSPHATES (T-P) IN THE WASTEWATER
DISCHARGED AT KIX FROM 2002 TO 2016.
THE AIRPORT HAS RECORDED VERY SMALL LEVELS OF TOTAL PHOSPHATES, WHICH HAS AVERAGED THE TOTAL ANNUAL WATER QUANTITIES AT KIX DURING 2002–2016 AND THE YEAR-ON-YEAR CHANGE (%):
AROUND 0.09 MG/L OVER THE PERIOD OF THE STUDY AND HAS CLEARLY REMAINED FAIRLY
(A) MUNICIPALLY SUPPLIED (B) TREATED
CONSTANT (C) RECLAIMED (D) DISCHARGED.
WASTEWATER THAT IS GENERATED FROM THE AIRPORT PASSENGER TERMINAL BUILDINGS AND OTHER THE ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT INCLUDES RAPID SAND FILTRATION. SPECIAL WASTEWATER
AIRPORT FACILITIES IS CONSIDERED TO BE GENERAL WASTEWATER AND HENCE UNDERGOES ADVANCED GENERATED FROM INDUSTRIAL SOURCES INITIALLY UNDERGOES ONSITE PRE-PROCESSING TO REMOVE
TREATMENT SUCH AS ACTIVATED-SLUDGE CIRCULATION NITRIFICATION/DENITRIFICATION OR CHEMICAL HAZARDOUS THINGS
CLARIFICATION (COAGULATION /SEDIMENTATION).
THIS SPECIAL WASTEWATER SUBSEQUENTLY UNDERGOES ADVANCED TREATMENT AT KIX’S WASTEWATER
THE SCATTER PLOT SHOWING THE TREATMENT PLANT THROUGH CHEMICAL COAGULATION/SEDIMENTATION AND RAPID SAND FILTRATION
LINE OF BEST FIT AND CORRELATION PROCESSES, AND SO, FOLLOWING THE ADVANCED TREATMENT, THE TREATED WATER IS REUSED AS RECLAIMED
COEFFICIENT (SQ.) OF KIX 2002–2016 WATER FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES, SUCH AS THE FLUSHING OF TOILETS, WATERING PLANTS, AND SO FORTH, AND
ANNUAL MUNICIPALLY SUPPLIED ANY SURPLUS AMOUNT IS THEN DISCHARGED INTO THE SEA.
WATER CONSUMPTION:
GENERAL WASTEWATER THAT IS PRODUCED FROM AIRPORT-RELATED FACILITIES AT KIX IS DIRECTED TO A
(A) PER PASSENGER WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT FOR ADVANCED TREATMENT PRIOR TO IT BEING DISCHARGED. THE TREATED
(B) PER AIRCRAFT MOVEMENT. WATER THAT IS DISCHARGED FROM THE AIRPORT IS SIGNIFICANTLY CLEANER THAN LEGALLY-REQUIRED
STANDARDS. THIS IS BECAUSE THE AIRPORT USES ITS OWN MORE STRINGENT VOLUNTARY STANDARDS (FOR
EXAMPLE, A CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND[COD] DAILY AVERAGE 12 MG/L) .
THE AIRPORT ALSO ENCOURAGES THE USE OF RECLAIMED/RECYCLED WATER WHEREVER POSSIBLE. ONE OF THE MOST IMPRESSIVE ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF THE
RECYCLED OR RECLAIMED WATER IS USED FOR WATERING, WASHING ROADWAYS, TOILET FLUSHING. AIRPORT IS ITS 15M (50 FT) CANTILEVER TERMINAL STRUCTURE FOR
AIRPLANE DOCKING. IN AN EFFORT TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
AND SAVE ON HEATING AND COOLING COSTS, A PASSIVE AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED. THE STRUCTURE USES THE
BLADE LIKE DEFLECTORS ALONG THE ROOF LINE TO CHANNEL AIR
THROUGH THE BUILDING. THIS KEEPS THE INSIDE OF THE 300,000 SQUARE
METER (3.2 MILLION FT²) BUILDING A COMFORTABLE 20° TO 26° C
FOUR MONTHS AFTER OPENING,THE AIRPORT WAS SEVERELY TESTED BY MAGNITUDE 6.7 KOBE EARTHQUAKE IT
SURVIVED WITH ONLY MINOR DAMAGE
ICAO (INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION) CODES FOR AIRPORTS AND IN THE 2015 FISCAL YEAR, THE AVERAGE PROCESSED VOLUMES WERE 2151 M3/DAY OF GENERAL WASTEWATER
AIRLINE FLIGHT IDENTIFICATION AND 225 M3/DAY OF SPECIAL WASTEWATER
R IS THE CODE FOR JAPAN AND J IS CODE FOR MAINLAND AND BB IS FOR KANSAI THE AIRPORT’S WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT HAS THE CAPACITY TO PROCESS 10,050 M3/DAY OF GENERAL
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT. WASTEWATER AND 3300 M3/DAY OF SPECIAL WASTEWATER.
SKYTRAX - CONSULTANCY WHICH RUNS AN AIRLINE AND AIRPORT REVIEW AND
CLEAN WATER IS SOURCED FROM THE MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES. WASTEWATER IS PROCESSED AT THE AIRPORT’S
RANKING
WASTEWATER TREATMENT CENTRE AND RECLAIMED WATER IS SUPPLIED BACK INTO THE AIRPORT WHERE IT IS
SKYTRAX ISSUED 4STAR TO KANSAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ,JAPAN USED FOR TOILET FLUSHING, WATER PLANTS,AND ROAD AND TARMAC CLEANING, TREATED WASTEWATER THAT IS
NOT SUITABLE FOR RE-USE IS DISCHARGED INTO OSAKA BAY
ADVANCE CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY BY : [Link] VINAYAK
3RD YR
RESEARCH ON KIX TO : AR. PRASOON GUPTA