BIOLOGY 2ND SEMESTER STUDY GUIDE
GRADE: 9TH
TEACHER: VALENTINA SERRANO
TOPICS to study for the biology 1st semester exam
1. The themes of biology Stages
2. Unit conversion Reactants
Length Products
Mass 15. Mitosis
Volume With all its phases
3. Qualitative vs. quantitative data Including interphase and
4. Independent and dependent variables cytokinesis
and constants 16. Meiosis
5. Steps of writing a lab report With all its phases
Scientific method 17. Haploid cell
6. Atoms 18. Diploid cell
Protons 19. Somatic cell
Neutrons 20. Sex cell
Electrons 21. Gamete
7. Bonding 22. Zygote
Covalent 23. Karyotype
Ionic 24. Down Syndrome
8. pH of a solution 25. Turner Syndrome
Acid 26. Trisomy X
Basic 27. Edwards Syndrome
9. Hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic molecules 28. Mendelian Inheritance
10. Monomers and polymers Monohybrid Cross
Carbohydrates Dihybrid Cross
Lipids 29. Non-Mendelian Inheritance
Proteins Co- dominance
DNA and RNA Incomplete dominance
11. Hydrolysis vs. dehydration Multiple alleles
12. Animal and plant cell Polygenic characteristics
Organelles 30. DNA and RNA
13. Cellular respiration Transcription
Formula Translation
Stages 31. Animals
Reactants Animal domestication
Products Animal research project (know
14. Photosynthesis the characteristics of the
Formula animals in your block
32. Plants Goldilocks conditions
Non vascular (and examples) From ape to human
Vascular (and examples) i. Ape
Gymnosperms (and examples) ii. Ardipithecus
Angiosperms (and examples) iii. Australopithecus
Life Cycle of a Flower iv. Homo habilis
33. Microscopic Organisms v. Homo ergaster
Bacteria vi. Homo erectus
Viruses vii. Neanderthal
Antibiotics viii. Homo sapiens
34. Evolution ix. Homo sapiens sapiens
Evolutionary thresholds
Complexity
These are the themes and topics that will be covered in your semester exam. Please study them
extensively as they might be part of multiple choice or they might not. If they are not a multiple choice
questions they will definitely required explaining, labeling, and drawing. The sooner you start studying,
the better. Let me know if you have any questions and good luck!
RECCOMENDATIONS
Organize all of your worksheets, labs and quizzes
Match the quizzes to the notes on your binder/notebook
Make flashcards of vocabulary
Re-print graphs and label them without looking at your notes
Draw and color code things like the cell, the phases of mitosis and meiosis, and
karyotypes