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Hormones and Their Functions Explained

The document summarizes the major glands and tissues of the human endocrine system, the hormones they secrete, and their major functions. It discusses the hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary glands, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands, testes, and ovaries. The hormones regulate growth, metabolism, sexual development, reproduction, and other processes throughout the body.

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Bhagya
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7 views8 pages

Hormones and Their Functions Explained

The document summarizes the major glands and tissues of the human endocrine system, the hormones they secrete, and their major functions. It discusses the hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary glands, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, parathyroid glands, testes, and ovaries. The hormones regulate growth, metabolism, sexual development, reproduction, and other processes throughout the body.

Uploaded by

Bhagya
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

GLAND/TISSUE HORMONES MAJOR STRUCTURE

FUNCTIONS

Thyrotropin- Stimulates
releasing hormone secretion of
(TRH) thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) and
prolactin

Corticotropin- Causes release of


releasing hormone adrenocorticotropi
(CRH) c hormone (ACTH)

HYPOTHALAMUS

Growth hormone– Causes release of


releasing hormone growth hormone
(GHRH)

Growth hormone Inhibits release of


inhibitory hormone growth hormone
(GHIH)
Gonadotropin- Causes release of
releasing hormone luteinizing
(GnRH) hormone (LH) and
follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)

Dopamine or Inhibits release of


prolactin inhibiting prolactin
factor (PIF)
--------------------------------

Growth hormone Stimulates protein


synthesis and
overall growth of
most cells and
tissues

ANTERIOR
PITUITARY

TSH Stimulates
synthesis and
secretion of
thyroid hormones
(thyroxine and
triiodothyronine)

ACTH Stimulates
synthesis and
secretion of
adrenocortical
hormones (cortisol,
androgens, and
aldosterone)
PROLACTIN Promotes
development of
the female breasts
and secretion of
milk

FSH Promotes
development of
the female breasts
and secretion of
milk

LH Stimulates
testosterone
synthesis in Leydig
cells of testes;
stimulates
ovulation,
formation of
corpus luteum, and
estrogen and
progesterone
synthesis in ovaries
ANTI DIURETIC Increases water
HORMONE reabsorption by
the kidneys and
causes
POSTERIOR
vasoconstriction
PITUITARY
and increased
blood pressure

OXYTOCIN Stimulates milk


ejection from
breasts and
uterine
contractions

Thyroxine (T4 ) and Increases the rates


triiodothyronine (T3 of chemical
) reactions in most
cells, thus
THYROID
increasing body
metabolic rate
Calcitonin Promotes
deposition of
calcium in the
bones and
decreases
extracellular fluid
calcium ion
concentration

CORTISOL Has multiple


metabolic
ADRENAL functions for
CORTEX controlling
metabolism of
proteins,
carbohydrates, and
fats; also has anti-
inflammatory
effects

ALDOSTERONE Increases renal


sodium
reabsorption,
potassium
secretion, and
hydrogen ion
secretion
Norepinephrine, Same effects as
epinephrine sympathetic
stimulation
ADRENAL
MEDULLA

PANCREAS Insulin (β cells) Promotes glucose


entry in many cells,
and in this way
controls
carbohydrate
metabolism
Glucagon (α cells) Increases synthesis
and release of
glucose from the
liver into the body
fluids

PARATHYROID Parathyroid Controls serum


hormone (PTH) calcium ion
concentration by
increasing calcium
absorption by the
gut and kidneys
and releasing
calcium from
bones

TESTES Testosterone Promotes


development of
male reproductive
system and male
secondary sexual
characteristics
OVARIES ESTROGEN Promotes growth
and development of
female reproductive
system, female
breasts, and female
secondary sexual
characteristics

PROGESTERONE Stimulates secretion


of “uterine milk” by
the uterine
endometrial glands
and promotes
development of
secretory apparatus
of breasts

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