APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate research project entitled “EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE

INSTRUCTION IN TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
AMONG GRADE 7 STUDENTS” prepared and submitted by (Surname), (First
Name) (Middle Initial)., (Surname), (First Name) (Middle Initial)., (Surname), (First
Name) (Middle Initial)., in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the track of
Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Information and Communication Technology has
been examined and recommended for Pre-Oral Examination by the committee on Pre-
Oral Examination.

Mr. Albert P. Bungcaras

Adviser

APPROVAL SHEET

Approved by the Panel for Pre-Oral defense on December ___, 2020 with a
rating of ___.

_______________________
Chairperson

_______________________ __________________________
Member Member

Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Technical-Vocational-

Livelihood Information and Communication Technology.

Mr.
School Principal
Certificate of Originality

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and that, to the best of

our knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by

another person nor material to which to a substantial extent has been accepted for award

of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institution of higher learning

except where due acknowledgement is made in the text.

We also declared that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of our

work, even though we may have receive assistance from others on style, presentation

and language presentation.

__________________________________________ ______________
(SURNAME), (First Name) (Middle I.). Date

__________________________________________ ______________
(SURNAME), (First Name) (Middle I.). Date

__________________________________________ ______________
(SURNAME), (First Name) (Middle I.). Date

__________________________________________ ______________
(SURNAME), (First Name) (Middle I.). Date

Oral Defense Endorsement Form

This is to certify that I have edited this undergraduate thesis manuscript titled:
 “EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE INSTRUCTION IN TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION AMONG GRADE 7 STUDENTS”

Prepared by:

(Surname), (First Name) (Middle Initial).

(Surname), (First Name) (Middle Initial).
(Surname), (First Name) (Middle Initial).
(Surname), (First Name) (Middle Initial).

is hereby endorsed to the pre-oral defense examination panel, In support of the

candidature for the track of Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Information and
Communication Technology.

Mr. Albert P. Bungcaras

Research Adviser

English Editing Certificate Form

This is to certify that I have edited this undergraduate thesis manuscript titled:

“EFFECTIVENESS OF ONLINE INSTRUCTION IN TECHNOLOGY AND

LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION AMONG GRADE 7 STUDENTS”
 Prepared by:

(Surname), (First Name) (Middle Initial).

(Surname), (First Name) (Middle Initial).
(Surname), (First Name) (Middle Initial).
(Surname), (First Name) (Middle Initial).

and have found it thorough and acceptable with respect to grammar and composition.

________________________________________
Signature over printed name

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to express their special thanks of gratitude to the

following people who helped and made this research possible.

To Mr. Emmanuel L. Maulion, OIC/Principal of Southville 8B National High

School, who gave the opportunity to do this study on their school;

To Mrs. Gigie Fernandez, TLE Chairperson of SV8BNHS ; Mrs. Ma. Shella

Q. Guerrero,Grade 7 Rizal TLE Teacher ; [Link] Juzelle Geronilla, Grade 7 Rizal

Adviser and Mrs. Diana V. Delos Santos, for their assistance with the collection of

data;

To the Respondents, for their participation and cooperation throughout the

collecting of data for this study;

To Fellow Researchers, for the fun, struggles but still united throughout this

study;

To [Link] Labis and his fellow researchers, for lending their study as the

basis and guide of this study.

To Ms. Cresilda B. Bron, OIC/Dean of IOE, for her guidance and knowledge

for letters being made;

To the experts Mr. Fernando Morla, Sr., Mr. Fernando Morla, Jr., Mr.

Rudy Antenor and Mrs. Joselina S. Santos, who involved in the validation of test for

this research;

To Mr. Randolph I. Angeles, for his valuable and constructive suggestions

during the planning of this research work;

To Richard T. Catain, Ph. D., for his help in doing the methodological data

analysis;

To Mrs. Ophalyn S. Mortera, for her valuable and constructive suggestions

during the planning and developing of this research work;

To Jordan C. Gallano, MA. Ed, Research Adviser, for his guidance,

enthusiastic encouragement, constant supervision and useful critiques of this research

work to get results of better quality;

 To the Family and Friends, for the unfailing support and continuous

encouragement throughout the time of study;

Above all, Our Almighty God, for spiritual support, protection and strength,

that gave the researchers a determination to still on the track and finish this humble

piece of work.

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of online instruction
in Technology and Livelihood Education. The researchers used an experimental
research design. The main subject of study was the Grade 7 students of Southville 8B
National High School who are taking up the topic/area in 4 th quarter which is the
Beauty Care “Nail Care”. In getting the differences between the pre-test of the two
groups, and post-test of the two groups, and the pre-test post-test difference ,T-test for
two independent samples/groups was used.

Based on the findings of the study and the observation of the researchers while
the data is being collected, the researchers therefore concluded that both experimental
and controlled group showed a progressive performance with respect to the three topics
but according to the data collected those students in experimental group has the higher
interval of progression.
 This study is not intended to reject or replace the teacher-led instruction. It was
conducted to know and prove that effectiveness of online instruction that can be used
by the teacher in a teaching-learning process. This study found out that Online
Instruction is useful and effective as an alternative instructional learning model.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ................................................ i

Approval Sheet ................................................ ii

Certification of Originality ................................................iii

Oral Defense Endorsement Form ............................................... iv

English Editing Certification Form ................................................v

Acknowledgement ................................................vi

Abstract ..............................................viii

Table of Contents ...............................................ix

List of Figures .............................................. xii

List of Tables ..............................................xiii

List of Appendices ..............................................xiv

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study 4

Statement of the Problem 7

Significance of the Study 9

Scope and Limitation 10

CHAPTER II – THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Related Literatures and Studies 11

Synthesis 24

Conceptual Framework 26

Conceptual Paradigm 26

Definition of Terms 30

CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY

Research Method 32
 Research Locale 33

Samples and Sampling Technique 33

Instrumentation 34

Procedures 34

Statistical Treatment 36

CHAPTER IV – RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER V – SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings 65

Conclusions 72

Recommendations 75

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

CURRICULUM VITAE
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Conceptual Paradigm

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1 Respondents’ Performance in the pre-test of the two groups in Topic 1:

Nail Care Tool and Equipments

Table 1.2 Respondents’ performance in the pre-test of the two groups in the Topic

2: Nail Care Materials

Table 1.3 Respondents’ performance in the pre-test of the two groups in the Topic

3: Use Nail care tools and equipment (and PPE)

Table 2.1 Respondents’ Performance in the post-test of the two groups in Topic 1:

Nail Care Tool and Equipment’s

Table 2.2 Respondents’ performance in the pre-test of the two groups in the Topic

2: Nail Care Materials

Table 2.3 Respondents’ performance in the pre-test of the two groups in the Topic

3: Use Nail care tools and equipment (and PPE)

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A Questionnaire

Appendix B Lesson Plan and Table of Specification

Appendix C Sample Computation

Appendix D Letter of Permission

Appendix E Validation and Reliability Letters

Appendix F Location Map

Appendix G Curriculum Vitae

 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

That’s why the researchers come up an experimental research about the

effectiveness of online instruction in Technology and Livelihood Education concept.

The researchers wanted to investigate if the performance of the Grade 7 learners in

Southville 8B National High School is positively or negatively affected by the use of

online instruction as a teaching strategy.

( NOTE: at least 3 paragraph or 2 pages)

Background of the Study

Technology and Livelihood Education (or TLE) is one of the learning areas of

the Secondary Education Curriculum used in Philippine secondary schools. As a subject

in high school, its component areas are: Home Economics, Agricultural-Fishery Arts,

Industrial Arts, and Information and Communication Technology.

( NOTE: at least 3 paragraph or 2 pages, write why you choose your title and how

does it will help in Filipino cuisine)

Statement of the Problem

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Online Instructions of

Technology and Livelihood Education among Grade 7 students at Southville 8B

National High School.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following problems:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents:

1.1 age

1.2 gender

2. How do the respondents accept the “_____” according to the perception of

palatability?

3. How do the respondents accept the “_____” according to the perception of

plating?

4. How do the respondents accept the “_____” according to the perception of

price?

Significance of the Study

 The results of the study may benefit the following sectors of the school system.

(NOTE: add 3 or more beneficiaries of your research)

Future Researchers. This will serve as future reference in their study.

Scope and Limitations

This study focused on the effectiveness of Online Instruction in Technology and

Livelihood Education among Grade 7 students of Southville 8B National High School.

The researchers conducted an experimental research on the Grade 7 Rizal selected

students.

CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
 This chapter shows the related literature and studies, the synthesis, theoretical

framework, conceptual framework, conceptual paradigm and the definition of terms.

1. Related Literature

1.1 Local Related Literature

1.2 Foreign Related Literature

2. Related Studies

2.1 Local Related Studies

2.1 Foreign Related Studies

Synthesis

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Selected Grade 11 & Basis for enhancement

 Food Tasting
12 students of College of Filipino Cuisine
 Survey
of Arts & Sciences of named “ original dish”
Questionnaire
Asia & The Pacific to “ new name”
 Interview
 FEEDBACK
Figure 1

Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

This framework shows how the researchers conducted their study. On the first

box on the left is the INPUT where the selected grade 11 students CASAP-rodriguez

are the main subject of this study. And then, the box on the middle is the PROCESS

where the researchers gathered information by means of the ___ . And on the last box

is the researchers OUTPUT of their study which would set as a Basis for enhancement

of _____.

Theoretical Framework

This study was mainly anchored on the Social Activism theory which is another

form of constructivist learning discovered by John Dewey, 1859-1952. Dewey believed

that learning is individual growth that comes through social experiences”. Social

activism promotes the belief that students learn best with activities connected to real-
world issues and problems. And according to Roblyer, Dewey would approve of

technologies like the internet to help the students communicate with each other and

learn more about their society. And that’s how this study also relate.

( NOTE: the paragraph above is just an example of theories .. always remember

that your theories must be align top your thesis title or the behaviour that you

want to research.)

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design and methodology. The instrument

used the sources of respondents, the locale of the study, the sampling techniques, data

gathering procedure and statistical treatment used in this study.

Research Method

The researchers used experimental research design for this study.

Research Locale

Researchers conducted this study in

Samples and Sampling Technique

The main subject of study was the Grade 7 students of Southville 8B National

High School who are taking up several competences in T.L.E subject, more specifically

the topic/area in 4th quarter which is the Beauty Care “Nail Care”.

The sampling that will be used in this study was the: first, is the Fishbowl

Method, where the sections of the Grade 7 are listed in a sheet. Through these

techniques, the researchers will conduct the experiment.

Instrumentation

Since the researchers used experimental research as their research design, the

researchers made a pre-test and post-test type of research instrument. The questions in

each item on the tests are based on the lesson gotten in the Learning Module of Grade

7. It is used to see if there’s a difference between the controlled and experimental

group.

Data Gathering Procedures

As the researchers went to the school, the O.I.C. Principal of the school Mr.

Emmanuel L. Maulion approved the researchers to conduct a study on that school.

Right after that, the researchers coordinate to the head of TLE to ask a permission to

conduct the research in their area. Then when the Head gave the permission, the

researchers asked some assistance to the teacher who assigned by the Head to help the
researchers in their experiment. The researchers asked about the current topic/area in

TLE that the Grade 7 is taking up and that module is the Beauty Care “Nail Care”

Services. And then, the researcher prepared three (3) lesson plans which are connected

on the current topics on TLE subject. After making the lesson plans, the researchers

also made a 20 item test regarding on the topics.

To test the validity of the test questionnaire, the researchers asked the experts

which are Mr. Fernando Morla, Sr., Mr. Fernando Morla, Jr, Mr. Richard T. Catain, Mr.

Rudy Antenor and Mrs. Joselina S. Santos to evaluate and validate the test and they

validated it. Right after that, the researchers conducted a pilot testing to the Grade 7

students of the other school taking up the same topics or lesson in TLE which is the San

Isidro National High School. That was how to test the reliability of the test

questionnaire.

The Fishbowl method was done again to choose who will implement the lesson

to the respondents. And Teacher-Led Instruction was first administered of the

respondents and followed by the Online Instruction by the same researcher. After every

topic discussed, post-test was executed. Through that the data was gathered and come

up with the productive information.

After gathering the data the researchers computed, analyzed and interpreted the

results using the aid of Microsoft Excel 2010.

Statistical Treatment

The data collected was treated statistically employing the following statistical

formulas:
In getting the performance of experimental group and controlled group in this study,

mean and standard deviation was used:

First, the researchers computed the mean with the use of this formula.

Σf
x́=
N

Wherein:

x́ = mean

∑ f = summation of scores
N = total number of subjects

Then after getting the mean, the researchers computed the standard deviation with this

formula. Get the variance first and then square the variance to get the standard

deviation.

WHEREIN:

- computed variance

- The summation of squares score

- Summation of scores

n- Total number of subjects

 SD- Computed standard deviation

In getting the differences between the pre-test of the two groups, and post-test of the

two groups, and the pre-test post test difference ,T-test for two independent

samples/groups was used.

2
SS1=∑ x 1−¿¿

Wherein:

t = the t-test

= the mean of group 1

= the mean of group 2

= the sum of squares of group 1

= the sum of squares of group 2

= the number of observations in group 1

= the number of observations in group 2

 And to test the reliability of the test questionnaires, KR20 was used. Apply the
following formula once for each item:

KR 20=
K
(1−
∑ pi qi )
2
K−1 a

Wherein:

KR20 - Computed reliability

K - No. of equation

pi - No. of people who will answer question j correctly

qi - No. of people who will not answer the question j correctly

a2 - Variance of the total scores of all the subjects taking the

test

CHAPTER IV
 RESULTS and DISCUSSION

This chapter presents a discussion of the results of the study. The data are

shown in tabular form, analyzed, interpreted as deemed appropriate sequence of the

discussion is based from the statement of the problem in chapter 1.

1. What is the performance of controlled group in obtainment of T.L.E. concept

using the teacher-led instruction and the performance of experimental group in

obtainment of T.L.E. concept using the online instruction in the pre-test with

respect to:

1.1 Topic 1: Nail Care Tool and Equipments

TABLE 1.1
Respondents’ Performance in the pre-test of the two groups in Topic 1:
Nail Care Tool and Equipments

PRE-TEST ONLINE INSTRUCTION

PRE-TEST TEACHER-LED -BASED LEARNING
 INSTRUCTION-BASED LEARNING
Score frequency total percentage score frequency total percentage

8 3 24 15 12 1 12 4.17

7 3 21 15 11 1 11 4.17

6 3 18 15 10 1 10 4.17

5 8 40 40 9 3 27 12.5

4 2 8 10 8 4 32 16.67

3 1 3 5 7 1 7 4.17

6 5 30 20.83

5 5 25 20.83

4 3 8 8.33

0 1 0 4.17

Total 20 144 100 Total 24 162 100

MEAN = 5.7 MEAN =6.75

SD = 1.42 SD = 2.61
Below Above Below Above
Average Average
Average Average Average Average
1 16 3 1 20 3

5% 80% 15% 4.17% 83.33% 12.50%

This table shows the respondents’ performance in the pre-test of the two groups in

Topic 1: Nail Care Tools and Equipments. As shown in the Table 1.1, In Teacher-Led-

based learning the score of 5 has the highest frequency of 8 which is 40%. Their mean

is 5.7 and the standard deviation is 1.42. From these results, there were 1 or 5% of the
learner whose in the below average, 16 or 80% of the learners whose in the average and

3 or 15% of the learners whose in above average level. While in the Online instruction-

based learning the score of 6 and 5 has the highest frequency of 5 or 20.83%, their

mean is 6.75 and the standard deviation is 2.61. From these results, there were 1 or

4.17% learner is in the below average, 20 or 83.33% learners is in the average and 3 or

12.50% learners is in the above average level.

5. Is there a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test between the two

groups?

TABLE 5.3

Respondents’ Difference in the Pre-Test – Post Test of the two groups in Topic No.
3: Use of Nail Care Tools and Equipments

Significance T –Value Tabular

df Decision Interpretation
Level value
0.05
41 5.27 2.02 Reject H0 Significant
 Difference
Accept H1

As the table shows, using 0.05 margin of error with the degree of freedom which is

42, the computed value of 5.27 which is higher than the tabular value, the result of this

study reject the null hypothesis. Therefore, the result is interpreted that there is a

significant difference between the results of the Topic No. 3 pre-test - post-test of

experimental group or the online instruction-based learning and controlled group or the

teacher-led-instruction-based learning.

This agrees with the study of Chaloo, L. et al (2010), entitled “Successful Internet

Based Online Instruction”, they indicated that the majority of instructors responded that

wed based instruction is in demand and advantageous for students who want to

continue their education but has a busy schedule. This study also revealed that the

majority of instructions receive training in the use of technology and it showed that

majority of instructions are given content management system training before teaching

an online course. And according to the participants of this study the content

management system was easy to use. And it is useful to the instructor to give an

instruction to their students who needed learning that struggling in the schedule of the

normal face to face class.

 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter includes the summary of findings of the study, the conclusions

drawn from the findings and the recommendations made in the light of the findings and

conclusions.

Summary of Findings

1. What is the performance of controlled group in obtainment of T.L.E. concept

using the teacher-led instruction and the performance of experimental group in

obtainment of T.L.E. concept using the online instruction in the pre-test with

respect to:
 1.1 Topic 1: Nail Care Tool and Equipments

In Teacher-Led Instruction -based learning their mean is

5.7 and the standard deviation is 1.42. From these results, there

were 1 or 5% of the learner whose in the below average, 16 or

80% of the learners whose in the average and 3 or 15% of the

learners whose in above average level. While in the Online

Strategy-based learning their mean is 6.75 and the standard

deviation is 2.61. From these results, there were 1 or 4.17%

learner is in the below average, 20 or 83.33% learners is in the

average and 3 or 12.50% learners is in the above average level.

Conclusions

Based on the summary of findings, the researchers made the following

conclusions:

1. The computed t-value of pre-test between controlled group and experimental in

topic one is lower than the critical value which indicated that there was no

significant difference. However, the computed value in the pre-test in lesson

two and lesson three is higher than the critical value at 0.05 level of significance

which indicated that there is significant difference between the performance of

two groups in the pre-test with respect to topic two and three.

2. This study is not intended to reject or replace the conventional strategy. It was

conducted to know and prove that effectiveness of online-instruction that can be

use by the teacher in a teaching-learning process. Therefore, the researcher

 concluded that Online Instruction strategy is useful and effective as an

alternative instructional learning model.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study and the conclusions drawn from the findings, the

following recommendations are being offered:

2. TLE teachers must attend an Online Instructions – Implementation Training and

other Computer related Trainings.

4. Implement Online Instruction whenever the following instances happened that causes

the lesson interrupted:

a. School Activities

a.1 Culminating Activities

a.2 Festival of Talents

a.3. School Emergency meetings

b. Class Suspension due to:

b.1 Holidays

b.2 Thunder Storm or Heavy Rain

c. Personal Reason of the Teacher and the students such as:

c.1 Teacher have an emergency incident like being sick or his/her

relative is ill.
 c.2 Student have an emergency incident like being sick or his/her

relative is ill.