Lisan ul Quran Notes
Day 1 (Alphabets)
There are 28 letters in Arabic language.
We say TAA and NOT TAYY in Arabic for the letter TAA. That is, we change AYY
into AA for every occurrence of the letter ending in AYY sound.
There is dispute on the letter HAMZA. Those who consider HAMZA a separate
and distinct letter, consider total letters count to be 29. Those who do not
consider HAMZA a separate letter but consider ALIF with any HARAKAT or
SUKOON as HAMZA claim total letters count to be 28.
Day 2 (Kalima and Its Types)
When a letter is combined with another letter, a KALIMA is formed.
A KALIMA is any word with useful meaning.
KALIMA is further divided into three groups: ISM, FAEL, HARF.
For an ISM to be used correctly, there are four things to be known.
o Gender (Feminine or Masculine)
o Count (Number)
o Capacity (Common or Proper noun)
o Case (Subjective, Objective or Genitive case)
Day 3 (Gender)
By default, we consider any ISM to be a masculine unless proven feminine.
There are two groups of feminine gender for ISMs: HAQEEQI and GHAIR-
HAQEEQI.
HAQEEQI feminine is one for which there is a opposite counterpart. For
example, mother and father, sister and brother, daughter and son etc.
GHAIR-HAQEEQI gender is further divided into two groups: ALAMATI and
SAMAAI.
ALAMATI feminine is one ending in TAAY-E-MARBOOTA (gool TAA) or ending in
HAZMA followed by an ALIF.
SAMAAI feminine is one which falls into one of the following groups:
o Names of SHARAAB
o Names of HAWAA
o Names of AAG
o Names of Countries and Cities
o Names of body parts which are in pair like ears, eyes, hands, feet, legs
o Miscellaneous nouns like NAFS, HARB, SHAMS, ARD, SAMAA, DAAR
Day 4 (Number – Dual)
There are three numbers in Arabic: Single, Dual and Plural.
For dual, the sound of AANI and AYINI is used. For example: Kitabaani or
Kitabyini.
Also, dual for masculine and feminine is same. That is, they end in the same
sound: AANI and AYINI.
AANI is used for nominative case and AYINI is used for genitive and objective
case.
Genitive Case Objective Case Nominative Noun Gender
(JAR) (NASAB) Case (RAF’A)
Muslimayini Muslimayini Muslimaani Muslim Masculine
Muslimatayini Muslimatayini Muslimataani Muslima Feminine
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Day 5 (Number - Plural)
For plural, there are two types of them on which they end, and it also varies
according to the gender and case.
For masculine plural nominative case, it ends in OONA and for masculine plural
genitive and objective cases it ends in EENA. For example: Muslimoona from
Muslim noun for masculine plural nominative case, and Muslimeena from
Muslim noun for masculine plural genitive or objective case.
For feminine plural nominative case, it ends in AATUN and for feminine plural
genitive and objective cases it ends in AATIN. For example: Muslimaatun from
Muslimatu noun for femine plural nominative case, and Muslimaatin from
Muslimatu noun for feminine plural genitive or objective case.
Note, the above points are for those type of plural which we call UNBROKEN.
There is other type of plural which we call BROKEN plural.
For broken plural, there is no rule. We have to memorize them one by one. The
reason they are called broken because the noun for which we make plural does
not remain intact (SAALIM or UNBROKEN) and just gets broken down. For
example: Kutubun from Kitaab. K + I + T + A + A + B => K + U + T + U + B + U + N.
The actual word was KITAAB which is no longer found in the plural in its original
form and order and therefore it is called a broken plural.
Genitive Case Objective Case Nominative Noun Gender
(JAR) (NASAB) Case (RAF’A)
Muslimeena Muslimeena Muslimoona Muslim Masculine
Muslimaatin Muslimaatin Muslimaatun Muslima Feminine
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Day 6 & 7 (Cases)
There are three cases in which a noun can be found: RAF’A, NASAB and JAR.
They are called Subjective, Objective and Nominative cases respectively.
By default, every noun is found in RAF’A case.
A noun can be either MOAR’RAB or MABNI.
A MOAR’RAB noun is one which can accept changes at the end of it, i.e. at the
end of the word.
A MABNI noun is one which does not accept changes at the end of it.
A MOAR’RAB noun is further divided into two categories: MUNSARIF and
GHAIR-MUNSARIF.
MOAR’RAB MUNSARIF noun takes two HARKAT (TANWEEN) at end of the word
and, also changes its form in every case. For example: KITABUN, KITABAN and
KITABIN
MOAR’RAB GHAIR-MUNSARIF noun takes single HARKAT at the end of the word
and changes its form in two cases only. For example: MAKKATU, MAKKATA and
MAKKATA.
There are 2% of MABNI nouns in ARABIC.
There are 98% of MOAR’RAB nouns in ARABIC.
There are 83% of MOAR’RAB MUNSARIF nouns in ARABIC.
There are 15% of MOAR’RAB GHAIR-MUNSARIF nouns in ARABIC.
MOAR’RAB MUNSARIF nouns adds an additional ALIF after the word unless
they end in TAA’AY MARBOOTA (Gool TAA) or they end in HAMZA followed by
ALIF.
JAR (Genitive) NASB (Objective) RAF’A (Subjective) Name of Case
Kutubin Kutuban Kutubun MOAR’RAB
MUNSARIF
Osamata Osamata Osamatu MOAR’RAB
GHAIR-MUNSARIF
Mosae Mosa Mosa MABNI
Day 8 (CASES - MOAR’RAB GHAIR-MUNSARIF NOUN
CATEGORIES)
Following are the categories for a MOAR’RAB GHAIR-MUNSARIF noun.
o Names of all prophets (Alaihimussalaam) except six. Viz.
Muhammad (Sallallahu alaihaywasallam)
Nooh (Alaihissalam)
Hood (Alaihissalam)
Loot (Alaihissalam)
Shoaib (Alaihissalam)
Sualeh (Alaihissalam)
o Names of Angels (Alaihimussalam). For example: Harootu, Jibreelu
o Names of Cities and Countries. For example: Makkatu
o Names of Arab women. For example: FATIMATU, AAMINATU
o Names of Arab men ending in TAA’AY MARBOOTA (Gool TAA). For
example: TALHATU, HUZAIFATA, MUAWIYATU
o Names of men ending in ALIF + NOON = AAN. For example: USMAANU,
NAUMAANU
o Names of Non-Arabs. For example: Williamu
o Name of those Adjectives ending in ALIF + NOON = AAN. For example:
Jowaanu (Hungry), At’shaanu (Thirsty), Ghazbaanu (Angry)
o Names of comparative and superlative degrees. For example: Akbaru
(the biggest).
o Names of Basic colors. For example: Aswadu (Black), Ahmaru (Red),
Abyazu (White), Akhzaru (Green), Azraku (Blue), Azfaru (Orange)
o Names of Broken Plural ending in additional HAMZA.
o Names of Broken Plural having this formation:
1st letter with FATHA + 2nd letter with FATHA + ALIF + any letter
with TASHDEED
1st letter with FATHA + 2nd letter with FATHA + ALIF + any two
letters at the end
1st letter with FATHA + 2nd letter with FATHA + ALIF + any letter +
any letter with SUKOON + any letter
Day 9 (Capacity)
There are seven forms in which a noun is found as proper noun.
o ISM-UL-ALAM
o ISM-E-ISHARA
o MOAR’RAF-BIL-LAAM
o ZAMAAIR
o MOZAAF ILAL MA’ARFA
