2020

Indian farmers' protest

2020 Indian farmers' protest is an ongoing
2020 Indian farmers' protest
protest against the three farm acts passed by the
Indian Parliament in 2020. The acts have been
described as "anti-farmer laws" by farmer
unions,[2][3] while others say it would leave
farmers at the "mercy of corporates."[4][5]

Soon after the acts were introduced, unions began

holding local protests, mostly in the states of
Punjab and Haryana. After two months of protests,
farmers—notably from the two aforementioned
states—began a movement named 'Dilli Chalo'
(transl. Let's go to Delhi), in which tens of
thousands of farmers marched towards the Date 9 August 2020 – present[1]
national capital. Police and law enforcement used Location India
water cannons and tear gas to prevent the farmers 21°N 78°E
from entering Delhi. On 30 November, India Caused by
Today estimated that between 200,000 and Passing of three Farm bills by Lok
300,000 (2–3 lakh) farmers were converging at Sabha and Rajya Sabha
various border points on the way to Delhi."[6] Goals
Revocation of three Farm Bills
Over 500 farmer unions are protesting.[7] Legally ensure minimum support
Transport unions representing over 14 million price (MSP)
truckers, bus drivers and taxi drivers have come To take back all the cases
out in support of the farmers, threatening to halt registered against agitating
movement of supplies in certain states.[8] After the farmers
government failed to address the farmers' demands To reduce diesel prices by 50%
during talks on 4 December, the farmers planned
to escalate the action to another India-wide strike Methods
Gherao
on 8 December 2020.[9] Dharna
Raasta roko
Demonstration
Contents Status Ongoing
Background Parties to the civil conflict
Farmers' demands
Protests Government of India All India Kisan
Farm unions Ministry of Agriculture Sangharsh
Rail Roko & Farmers' Welfare Coordination
Dilli Chalo Committee Bharatiya
Blocked border and roads Kisan Union Other
farmer unions
Response and reactions
Domestic
All-India Bandh Number
Khalistan references Unverified
International
Awards return
References
Further reading

Background
In 2017, the central government released model farming acts. However, after a certain period of time
it was found that a number of the reforms suggested in the model acts had not been implemented by
the states. A committee consisting of seven Chief Ministers was set up in July 2019 to discuss the
implementation. Accordingly, the central Government of India promulgated three ordinances (or
temporary laws) in the first week of June 2020, which dealt with agricultural produce, their sale,
hoarding, agricultural marketing and contract farming reforms among other things.[10][11] These
ordinances were introduced as bills and passed by the Lok Sabha on 15 and 18 September 2020.[12]
Later, on 20 September, the Rajya Sabha also passed the three bills by 22 September.[13][14] The
President of India gave his assent by signing the bills on 28 September, thus converting them into
acts.[15]

These acts are as follows:[10]

1. Farmers' Produce Trade and Commerce (Promotion and Facilitation) Act : expands the scope of
trade areas of farmers produce from select areas to "any place of production, collection, and
aggregation." Allows electronic trading and e-commerce of scheduled farmers' produce. Prohibits
state governments from levying any market fee, cess or levy on farmers, traders, and electronic
trading platforms for trade of farmers’ produce conducted in an 'outside trade area'.
2. Farmers (Empowerment and Protection) Agreement on Price Assurance and Farm Services Act :
creates a framework for contract farming through an agreement between a farmer and a buyer
prior to the production or rearing of any farm produce. It provides for a three-level dispute
settlement mechanism: the conciliation board, Sub-Divisional Magistrate, and Appellate
Authority.'
3. Essential Commodities (Amendment) Act : allows for the center to regulate food items through
essential commodities. Requires that imposition of any stock limit on agricultural produce be
based on price rise.

Farmers' demands
The farmers believe that the laws will open the sale and marketing of agricultural products outside
the notified Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) mandis for farmers. Further, the laws
will allow inter-state trade and encourage electronic trading of agricultural produce. The new laws
prevent the state governments from collecting a market fee, cess or levy for trade outside the APMC
markets; this has lead the farmers to believe the laws will "gradually end the mandi system" and
"leave farmers at the mercy of corporates". Further, the farmers believe that the laws will end their
existing relationship with the arhtiyas (commission agents who act as middlemen by providing
financial loans, ensuring timely procurement, and promising adequate prices for their crop) and that
corporates will not be as kind.[16]

Additionally, the farmers are of the opinion that the dismantling of the APMC mandis will encourage
the abolishment of procurement of their crop at the MSP. They are thus demanding for MSPs to be
guaranteed by the government.[16]

As of 3 December 2020, the farmers' demands include:[17]

1. Repeal the three new farm laws[18]

2. Convey a special Parliament session to repeal the farm laws[18]
3. Make minimum support price (MSP) and state procurement of crops a legal right[19]
4. Assurances that conventional procurement system will remain[20]
 5. Implement Swaminathan Panel Report[21]
6. Cut diesel prices for agricultural use by 50%[17]
7. Removal of punishment and fine for stubble burning[22]
8. Release of farmers arrested for burning paddy stubble in Punjab[20]
9. Abolishment of the Electricity Ordinance 2020[23]
10. Centre should not interfere in state subjects, decentralization
in practice[17]

Protests
Even though small scale protests had started in August 2020
once the farm bills had been made public, it was only after the
passage of the acts that more farmers and farm unions across
India joined the protests against the reforms. Farm unions all Among the demands are removal of
over India called for a Bharat Bandh punishment and fine for stubble
([Link]. nation-wide shutting down) to protest against these burning as well as release of farmers
farm laws on 25 September 2020.[24] The most widespread arrested for burning paddy stubble in
protests took place in Punjab and Haryana[25] but Punjab
demonstrations were also reported in Uttar Pradesh,
Karnataka,[26] Tamil Nadu,[27] Odisha,[28] Kerala[29] and other
states.[30] Railway services have remained suspended in Punjab
for more than two months due to the protests, starting from
October.[31] Following this, farmers from different states then
marched to Delhi to protest against the laws.[32] Farmers also
criticised the national media for misrepresenting the protest.[33]

Farm unions

Under the coordination of bodies such as Samyukt Kisan Morcha

and All India Kisan Sangharsh Coordination Committee, the
protesting farm unions include:[34][16]

Bharatiya Kisan Union (Ugrahan, Sidhupur, Rajewal,

Chaduni, Dakaunda)
Jai Kisan Andolan
All India Kisan Sabha
Karnataka Rajya Raitha Sangha
National Alliance for People's Movements March to Delhi, 27 November
Lok Sangharsh Morcha
All India Kisan Khet Majdoor Sangathan
Rashtriya Kisan Majdoor Sangathan
All India Kisan Mazdoor Sabha
Krantikari Kisan Union
ASHA-Kisan Swaraj
National Alliance for People's Movements
Lok Sangharsh Morcha
All India Kisan Mahasabha
Swabhimani Shetkari Sanghatana
Sangtin Kisan Mazdoor Sanghatan
Jamhoori Kisan Sabha
Kisan Sangharsh Samiti
Terai Kisan Sabha
 Terai Kisan Sabha

Transport bodies such as the All India Motor Transport Congress (AIMTC), representing about
9.5 million truckers and 5 million bus and taxi drivers, have threatened to halt movement of supplies
in the northern states, further adding that "We will then escalate it to entire country if the
government fails to address (the farmer's) issues."[8]

Rail Roko

On 24 September 2020, farmers started a "Rail Roko" (transl. "stop the trains") campaign, following
which train services to and from Punjab were affected.[35] Farmers extended the campaign into
October.[36] On 23 October, some farmer unions decided to call off the campaign, as supplies of
fertilizer and other goods in the state were starting to run short.[37]

Dilli Chalo

After failing to get the support of their respective state governments, the farmers decided to pressure
the Central Government by marching to Delhi.[16] On 25 November 2020, protestors from the Dilli
Chalo (transl. "let us go to Delhi") campaign were met by police at the borders of the city.[38] The
police employed the use of tear gas and water cannons, dug up roads, and used layers of barricades
and sand barriers to stop the protestors,[39] leading to at least three farmer casualties.[40] Amidst the
farmer agitation, on 27 November, media highlighted the actions of a youth who jumped onto a police
water cannon targeting protesting farmers and turned it off. He was later charged with attempted
murder.[41][42]

The march on Delhi was accompanied by a 24-hour strike of 250 million people across India on 26
November 2020 in opposition to both the farm law reform and proposed changes to labour
law.[43][44]

During 28 November to 3 December, the number of farmers blocking Delhi in the Delhi Chalo was
estimated at 150 to 300 thousand.[45][6][46]

The Central Government Of India allotted the date of 3 December 2020 for discussing the future of
the new farm laws, despite protesters' demands that the talks should take place immediately.[47] It
was decided that the government would only talk to a select group of farmer unions. The Prime
Minister would be absent in this meeting. The KSMC, a leading kissan jatha
(transl. farmer organisation) refused to join this meeting for these reasons.[48] While the Center
wants the farmers to move away from Delhi to a protest site in Burari, on the outskirts of the city, the
farmers preferred to stay at the borders and instead put forward a proposal of protesting at Jantar
Mantar in central Delhi.[49]

The farmers' unions announced that on 4 December they would burn effigies of PM Modi and leaders
of corporations. Farmers planned to return their awards and medals on 7 December and to organize a
Bharat Bandh (national strike) on 8 December.[50][51] After talks with the central government failed
to find a solution on 5 December, farmers confirmed their plans for a national strike on 8 December.
Further talks were planned for 9 December.[9]

Blocked border and roads

A number of borders, including the Dhansa border, Jharoda Kalan border, Tikri border, Singhu
border, Kalindi Kunj border, Chilla border, Bahadurgarh border and Faridabad border were blocked
by protestors during the protests.[52][53] On 29 November, the protestors announced that they would
block five further points of entry into Delhi, namely Ghaziabad-Hapur, Rohtak, Sonipat, Jaipur and
Mathura.[54]

Response and reactions

Domestic

On 17 September, the Food Processing Industries Union Minister, Harsimrat Kaur Badal of
Shiromani Akali Dal, resigned from her post in protest against the bills.[55] On 26 September,
Shiromani Akali Dal left the National Democractic Alliance.[56] On 30 November, Prime Minister
Narendra Modi said that the farmers were being "lied" to. He stated that "the farmers are being
deceived on these historic agriculture reform laws by the same people who have misled them for
decades." Modi added that the old system was not being replaced, but instead that new options were
being put forward for the farmers. Several Union Ministers also made statements to this effect.[57][58]
On 1 December, Independent MLA Somveer Sangwan withdrew support from the Bharatiya Janata
Party government in the Haryana Assembly.[59] The BJP's ally, the Jannayak Janta Party (JJP) also
asked central government to consider giving a "written assurance of the continuation of Minimum
Support Price (MSP) for crops.".[60]

All-India Bandh

On 4 December, The farmers protesting on the outskirts of Delhi against the centre's new agricultural
laws have called a nationwide strike on Tuesday, December 8, saying they will block all roads to the
capital, amid a stand-off with the government.[61]

Khalistan references

Several Bharatiya Janata Party politicians accused protestors of separatism, claiming that Khalistani
slogans had been raised during the protests. The general secretary of the party, Dushyant Kumar
Gautam, claims that "Slogans of Khalistan zindabad, Pakistan zindabad are being raised" during the
farmers agitation.[62] On 28 November, the Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar said that
"unwanted elements" like Khalistan sympathizers have been seen among the peacefully protesting
farmers.[63] On 4 December 2020, non-profit fact-checking website Alt News reported that images
from Khalistani agitations in 2013 were being used to accuse farmers of separatism, during the 2020
protests.[64] Protestors have accused the national media of not telling the truth in relation to the
laws.[65] A protestor told [Link] that "The Modi media is calling us Khalistanis [...] We have been
sitting peacefully for two months. That makes us terrorists?"[65] Commentators have said that the
Khalistan angle is being used to defame the protests; "They are scared that the protest can shake the
divisive agenda of the Sangh Parivar, hence they are dubbing Sikh farmers as Khalistanis. They want
to communalise the farmers’ protest and to counter them, and are thus confined to Khalistan."[66]
The Editors Guild of India asked the media not label protesting farmers as "Khalistanis" or "anti-
nationals". Also added, "This goes against the tenets of responsible and ethical journalism. Such
actions compromise the credibility of the media."[67]

International

Several Australian Labour leaders, including Victoria Minister of Parliament Rob Mitchell and
Russell Wortley also spoke in support of the farmers' protests, with Mitchell addressing the Victorian
parliament on the subject after several protests were held in Australia by citizens.[68]
Justin Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada expressed concerns about the handling of protests by the
Indian government.[69] Trudeau stated that "Canada will always be there to defend the right of
peaceful protestors" and expressed support for "the process of dialogue."[70] In response, the Indian
Ministry of External Affairs summoned the Canadian High Commissioner to India, Nadir Patel, and
issued a demarche, stating that Prime Minister Trudeau's comments were "an unacceptable
interference in our internal affairs".[71]

In early December 2020, 1,500 Indian New Zealanders protested in Auckland's Aotea Square against
the new agricultural laws.[72]

A few British MPs and cricketer Monty Panesar also tweeted in support of farmers.[73] Several Labour
MPs in the United Kingdom also expressed support for the protests and raised concerns about the
government response to protestors, including Tanmanjeet Singh Dhesi, Preet Kaur Gill and John
McDonnell.[74][75]

Federal Minister Fawad Chaudhary from Punjab, Pakistan called out Indian govt's behaviour with
Punjabi farmers and termed it shameful. He further stated that Modi's policies are threat for regional
peace.[76]

Awards return

Former Chief minister of Punjab, Prakash Singh Badal returned his Padma Vibhushan award to the
President of India on 3 December 2020, in support of the farmers' protest, Rajya Sabha MP and
SAD(D) president Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa also announced to returned his award.[77]

On 4 December 2020 to support farmers protest Environmentalist Baba Sewa Singh also returned his
Padma Shri Award.[78]

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Further reading
Shekhar Gupta (28 November 2020). Shambles over farmers’ protest shows Modi-Shah BJP
needs a Punjab tutorial ([Link]
modi-shah-bjp-needs-a-punjab-tutorial/553469/). The Print
Captain Amarinder Singh (23 September 2020). Farm bills, silent on MSP,will throw small farmers
to big sharks ([Link]
The Indian Express
Gurcharan Das (2 December 2020). Don’t kill 2nd green revolution: Rolling back farm reforms
would privilege a small but vociferous group over the silent majority ([Link]
[Link]/blogs/men-and-ideas/dont-kill-2nd-green-revolution-rolling-back-farm-reforms-would-privile
ge-a-small-but-vociferous-group-over-the-silent-majority/). TOI Opinion
A Day at the Farmers' Protest ft. Samdish ([Link] 4
December 2020. ScoopWhoop Unscripted

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