Solution.

a. ( f + g )( x )=f ( x )+ g ( x )
( f + g )( x )= (5 x +4 ) + ( 2 x−6 )¿ 5 x+ 2 x +4−6¿ 7 x−2

b. ( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g ( x )( f −g ) ( x )=( 5 x+ 4 ) −( 2 x−6 )¿ 5 x−2 x + 4+6¿ 3 x+10

c. ( fg ) ( x )=f ( x )∗g ( x )( fg ) ( x )=( 5 x+ 4 )∗( 2 x−6 )¿ ( 5 x∗2 x ) + ( 5 x∗ (−6 ) ) + ( 4∗2 x ) + ( 4∗(−6 ) )

d. ( f + g )( 5 )=f ( 5 ) + g ( 5 )¿ { ( 5∗5 ) +2 } + { ( 2∗5 )−6 }¿ { 25+2 } + {10−6 }¿ 27+ 4¿ 31

4 x2 −2 x=−5

Now we must divide all terms by 4, to make the x 2 have 1 as the coefficient

4 x 2 2 x −5 x 2− x = −5 (1)
− =
4 4 4 2 4
Following the rule of the completing square technique, we must find the term that
completes the equation on the left. That term is equal to the half of the coefficient of the x
term (second) squared. So:

x 1
The coefficient of is
2 2
1 2

()
2
2
=
1 2
4() ( )
=
1
16

1
So, the term completes the equation. We must sum it on both sides of the equation (1)
16
like this
x 1 −5 1
x 2− + = +
2 16 4 16
Now we can factorize the perfect square on the left

1 2 −5 1
( )
x−
4
= +
4 16

4 5
Note that we can multiply a with to make the fractional terms homogeneous
4 4
1 2 −20 1 1 2 −19
( )
x−
4
= +
16 16
x− =
4 ( )
16

1 2
Now we take square root on both sides

1
√(4
x−
=
−19
)
16 √
Simplifying square root on both sides x− =±
4
−19
16 √
No negative number has square root in the set of real numbers, so we must apply the
imaginary numbers rule, for which √ −x = xi.
So,

1 19 i
x− =±
4 4

Therefore
1 19 i
x= ±
4 4

1 19i
Solution set of the equation is:
{
x= +
4 4
1 19 i
x= −
4 4

a. For the polynomial remainder theorem, we know that the remainder of P(x) if is
divided by x+1 is equal to P (-1), so we replace P=-1 in P(x) like this

4 3 2
P (−1 )=−1 −2 (−1 ) −7 (−1 ) +18 (−1 )−18 P (−1 )=1+2−7−18−18P (−1 )=−40
b. We know that the degree of the polynomial P(X) is 4, so it is going to have four zeros.
One zero is 1-i and we must find the three remaining zeros.

One of the zeros is easy to find getting help from the complex conjugate root theorem,
that states that if P(X), in this example, has a root (zero) in the form a+bi (being a=1
and b = -1 in our example), then a-bi will be also a root. So, we can assure that one of
the three remaining zeros of P(X) is equal to 1+i

Applying the conjugate to the zero 1-i can be calculated as:

Now we have two zeros, 1-i, and its conjugate 1+i

Roots (zeros) can be found applying Gauss’s theorem and Ruffini’s law. First, Gauss’s
theorem says that the possible roots of a polynomial can be obtained with the
quotient between the divisors of the independent term, and the principal coefficient
of P(X). In this case the divisors are:
Independent term = -18, so divisors will be ±1, ±2, ±3, ±6, ±9, ±18. And with the
principal coefficient = 1, the divisor will be only ±1

{ ±1 , ±2 , ±3 , ± 6 , ±9 , ± 18 } Divisors of t h e independent term

So, according to Gauss’s theorem we have twelve options of roots. ±1, ±2, ±3, ±6, ±9
and ±18

Using Ruffini’s law we can find which of the previous are the roots of P(X)

Proving Ruffini’s with +1

1 -2 -7 18 -18

+1 1 -1 -8 10

1 -1 -8 10 -8

Residual of Ruffini’s method for +1 is ≠ 0, so +1 is not a zero of P(X)

Proving with -1

1 -2 -7 18 -18

-1 -1 3 4 -22

1 -3 -4 22 -40

Residual for -1 is different of 0, so, -1 is not a root of P(X)

Proving with +2

1 -2 -7 18 -18

+2 2 0 -14 8

1 0 -7 4 -10

+2 is not a root of P(X)

1 -2 -7 18 -18

-2 -2 8 -2 -32
1 -4 1 16 --40

-2 is not a root of P(X)

Proving with 3

1 -2 -7 18 -18

+3 3 3 -12 18
1 1 -4 6 0

3 is a root of P(X)

Proving with -3

1 -2 -7 18 -18

-3 -3 15 -24 18
1 -5 8 -6 0

-3 is a root of P(X)

We could go on proving with ±6, ±9 and ±18 but we know about P(X) that it has four
zeros. We argue previously that there are two complex zeros and two were remaining.
X = 3 and X=-3 are the zeros remaining.

c. Using the results of the prove of 3 or -3, whichever works, we can find the factor
remaining on P(X), we know two factors (x-3) and (x+3) and we know that there are
two other zeros on P(X). Those zeros must be only one factor because they are
complex, therefore are the result of a quadratic polynomial

We know for the coefficients of X=3, so factor (X-3)

1 -2 -7 18 -18

+3 3 3 -12 18
1 1 -4 6 0
 x 3+ ¿ x 2−4 x+6

That P(X) can be written as

P ( X )=( x−3 ) ( x 3 + x 2−4 x+ 6 )

1 1 -4 6

-3 -3 6 -6

1 -2 2 0

x 2−2 x+2

So,
A ( X ) =( x 3+ x 2−4 x +6 ) =(x−3)(x 2−2 x +2)

And P(X) would be

P ( X )=( x +3 ) (x−3)( x 2−2 x +2)

And that is the requested factored form of P(X)