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Renewable Energy Generation Overview

This power station uses geothermal energy. It pumps cold water into hot, dry rock underground, where the water is heated. The hot water rises to turn a turbine, which powers a generator to produce electricity. The condenser cools the steam back into water, which is pumped back into the hot rock to repeat the process.

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Zunaira Ali
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
31 views14 pages

Renewable Energy Generation Overview

This power station uses geothermal energy. It pumps cold water into hot, dry rock underground, where the water is heated. The hot water rises to turn a turbine, which powers a generator to produce electricity. The condenser cools the steam back into water, which is pumped back into the hot rock to repeat the process.

Uploaded by

Zunaira Ali
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1 The diagram shows a type of power station used to generate electricity.

generator

condenser
turbine

pump
ground level

steam water

hot, dry rock

(a) (i) What type of renewable resource does this power station use?
(1)

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(ii) Name another renewable resource.


(1)

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[Link]
(b) Cold water is pumped down into the hot, dry rock.
Describe the energy transfers at each stage of electricity generation from this
resource.
(4)

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(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)

[Link]
3 An experimental solar updraft tower (SUT) was built in the south of Spain.

This part of Spain has little rainfall and is hot in summer months.
The SUT was used as a 50 kW electricity generator.
The diagram shows the component parts of the tower.
The cover allows visible light to pass through but traps infrared. Rows of blocks
under the cover absorb thermal radiation.

Not to
radiation from the Sun scale

turbine
cover

blocks of material that


absorb thermal radiation

(a) (i) Explain what happens to the air at A just under the cover.
(3)

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(ii) On the diagram, mark the directions of the air movements over the blocks of
material and through the turbine.
(2)
(iii) State the name of this effect.
(1)

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[Link]
(b) (i) Complete the energy transfer diagram for a SUT.
(2)

.................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................ electrical

(ii) Describe how a SUT can be used to generate electricity.


(2)

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(c) (i) Suggest why the SUT generates most electricity during daylight hours.
(1)

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(ii) Suggest why there are blocks of material that absorb thermal radiation in
the SUT.
(1)

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(iii) Suggest an alternative to these blocks that would improve the total energy
output of the SUT.
(1)

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(Total for Question 3 = 13 marks)

[Link]
Investigating electric motors
3 Some students investigate the efficiency of electric motors.
(a) (i) The students find that one electric motor has an efficiency of 60%.

Explain in terms of energy what is meant by an efficiency of 60%.


(2)

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(ii) The students use some motors to lift weights.

The students measure the input power and output power of two motors.

Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

The power of a motor is the rate at which it transfers


(1)
A current
B energy
C voltage
D charge

(iii) The first motor has a power rating of 20 W.


The motor is used for 15 s.
Calculate the energy supplied to the motor.
(2)

energy supplied to the motor = .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J

[Link]
(iv) In the second motor, the useful output power was 18 W when the input
power was 24 W.
Calculate the efficiency of this motor.
(2)

efficiency = ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

(b) One of the students states that all of the energy supplied to a motor is transferred
into other forms.
Complete the following sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your
answer.
This statement is one example of the idea of
(1)
A renewable energy
B conservation of energy
C non-renewable energy
D sustainable energy

(Total for Question 2 = 8 marks)

[Link]
Solar radiation
4 Most of the energy we receive on Earth comes from the Sun.

The bar chart shows the percentages of solar radiation reflected by some materials.

100
percentage of
solar radiation
reflected (%)
80

60

40

20

0
black green ice yellow white
road grass sand snow

(a) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.

A student used the bar chart to estimate the percentage of solar radiation
reflected by a rough piece of coal.

The percentage is most likely to be about


(1)
A 10%
B 40%
C 60%
D 80%

[Link]
(b) Radiation from the Sun which is not absorbed is reflected.
For water, the amount of solar radiation absorbed (taken in) is 94%.
(i) Calculate the percentage of solar radiation reflected by water.
(1)

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percentage of solar radiation reflected by water ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Use the graph to show how this information supports the idea that solid
surfaces reflect better than liquid surfaces.
(1)

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(c) As Antarctic ice melts, its surface area decreases.


At the same time, the area of water surface increases.
(i) Explain what happens to the amount of radiation absorbed.
(2)

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(ii) State the effect that this change in the amount of radiation absorbed will
have on the water.
(1)

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[Link]
*(d) The diagram shows how some of the energy released by the Sun is converted into
electrical energy.

coal- electrical energy


Sun fired turbine generator
boiler

A student boils some water using energy which came from the Sun.

Using the information in the diagram, describe the energy transfers involved in
producing the electrical energy he used.
(6)

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.................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 6 = 12 marks)

[Link]
3 A student investigates how the energies of a ball and spring change when the ball
and spring vibrate together.
The diagrams and bar charts show how the energies of the ball and spring vary with
the position of the ball.
The ball has a mass of 1 kg.

30 –
ball at top
25 –
20 –
energy
in J 15 –

10 –
5–
ground level
0–
GPE KE EPE Total

30 –
25 –
20 –
energy
ball in middle
in J 15 –

10 –
5–
ground level
0–
GPE KE EPE Total

30 –
25 –
20 –
energy
in J 15 –

10 –
ball at bottom
5–
ground level
0–
GPE KE EPE Total

GPE = gravitational potential energy of the ball (zero at ground level)


KE = kinetic energy of the ball
EPE = elastic potential energy of the spring
[Link]
Use information from the diagrams and the bar charts to describe what happens to
the energy, speed and position of the ball as it vibrates on the spring.
(6)

. . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)

[Link]
5 A resistance band is a stretchy plastic band that is used when doing exercises.

The diagram shows a student exercising his leg by stretching a resistance band fixed
to a wall.

fixing point resistance


band

34 cm

The student moves his leg 34 cm sideways as shown.


The average resistance force is 23 N.

(a) (i) State the relationship between work done, force and distance moved.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the work done when the student moves his leg sideways once.
(2)

work done = ............................................ J

(b) The student repeats this movement 15 times in 1 minute.


Calculate the average power of the student during this exercise.
(3)

power = ............................................ W

(Total for Question 5 = 6 marks)


[Link]
3 Figure 1 shows part of a roller coaster ride seen from the side.

roller coaster
car
Q

water
h

P R
S

Figure 1

(a) The roller coaster car rolls down towards P. The car has mass, m kg and
velocity v m/s.
Which of these is the correct equation for calculating the kinetic energy of
the car?
(1)
A KE = mv
B KE = mv 2
C KE = ½mv 2
D KE = 2mv 2

[Link]
(b) The mass of the car is 580 kg.
The car gains 39 000 J of gravitational potential energy as it climbs from P to Q.
(i) State the equation relating change in gravitational potential energy, mass,
gravitational field strength and change in vertical height.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the height h, shown in Figure 1.


(gravitational field strength, g = 10 N/kg)
(3)

h = ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m

(c) The car enters a pool of water at R. It slows down and stops at S.
Describe how the total energy of the system is conserved as the car travels
between R and S.
(2)

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

[Link]

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