EDGE ACADEMY

QUANITITATIVE
APTITUDE:SIMPLIFICATION
Simplification and Approximation forms an EXAMPLE 1: Solve 12 + 22 ÷ 11 × (18 ÷
important part of all exams as 3-5 questions are 3)^2 - 10
expected from this chapter alone. In
Simplification, we have to simplify & calculate the = 12 + 22 ÷ 11 × 6^2 - 10 (Brackets first)
given expressions whereas, in Approximation, we
take the approximate values & give the answers = 12 + 22 ÷ 11 × 36 - 10 (Exponents)
accordingly.
= 12 + 2 × 36 - 10 = 12 + 72 - 10 (Division and
multiplication, left to right)
Basic Rules of Simplification
= 84 - 10 = 74 (Addition and Subtraction, left to
right)
BODMAS Rule

It defines the correct sequence in which

operations are to be performed in a given EXAMPLE 2: Solve 4 + 10 - 3 × 6 / 3 + 4
mathematical expression to find the
= 4 + 10 - 18/3 + 4 = 4 + 10 - 6 + 4 (Division and
correct value. This means that to simplify an
multiplication, left to right)
expression, the following order must be
followed - = 14 - 6 + 4 = 8 + 4 = 12 (Addition and Subtraction,
left to right)
B = Bracket,

O = Order (Powers, Square Roots, etc.) To Solve Modulus of a Real Number

D = Division The Modulus (or the absolute value) of x is
always either positive or zero, but never
M = Multiplication negative. For any real number x, the absolute
value or modulus of x is denoted by |x| and is
A = Addition defined as
S = Subtraction |x|= x {if x ≥ 0} and −x {if x < 0}
1. Hence, to solve simplification questions EXAMPLE 1: Solve |8|
correctly, you must apply the operations of
brackets first. Further, in solving for |8| = |-8| = 8
brackets, the order - (), {} and [] - should be
stricly followed. Tips to Crack Approximation
2. Next you should evaluate exponents (for
instance powers, roots etc.) Conversion of decimal numbers to
3. Next, you should perform division and nearest number
multiplication, working from left to right.
(division and multiplication rank equally To solve such questions, first convert the
and are done left to right). decimal to nearest value. Then simplify the
4. Finally, you should perform addition and given equation using the new values that you
subtraction, working from left to right. have obtained.
(addition and subtraction rank equally and
are done left to right). EXAMPLE 1: Solve 4433.764 - 2211.993 -
1133.667 + 3377.442
Here, Unit Digits and its applications
4433.764 = 4434
2211.993 = 2212 Ex: 298: 8 is the unit place in 298.
1133.667 = 1134
3377.442 = 3377 Ex: 1947: 7 is the unit place in 1847.

Now simplify, 4434 - 2212 - 1134 + 3377 = Ex: 2345×6789

4466
(A)15920206 (B)15920208 (C) 15920205 (D)
EXAMPLE 2: Solve 530 x 20.3% + 225 x 15920204
16.8%
Solution: When unit place of 5 in 2345 and
Here, 20.3% becomes 20% and 16.8% becomes unit place of 9 in 6789 multiplies we will get
17% 45. So when both numbers are multiplies it should
Now, simplify 530 x 20% + 225 x 17% have 5 at its unit place which is only in option C.
= 106 + 38.25 = 144.25
Ex: 43 × 36 + 57 × 89
Approximation of Square Roots
(A)6380 (B)5728 (C)6782 (D)6621
1. To simplify a square root, you can follow
The unit digit will be the sum of the individual unit
these steps:
digits.
2. Factor the number inside the square root
sign. (3×6)+(7×9) = 18+63 = 81
3. If a factor appears twice, cross out both and
write the factor one time to the left of the So the resultant number must have 1 at its unit
square root sign. If the factor appears three place.
times, cross out two of the factors and write
the factor outside the sign, and leave the Digit Sum
third factor inside the sign. Note: If a factor
appears 4, 6, 8, etc. times, this counts as 2, It is the sum of all digits of the number used in
3, and 4 pairs, respectively. making the number and keep adding till we have
4. Multiply the numbers outside the sign. only one digit left.
5. Multiply the numbers left inside the sign.
6. To simplify the square root of a fraction, Ex: 2345
simplify the numerator and simplify the
denominator. Digit sum = (2+3+4+5) = 14 = 1+4 = 5
Ex: 123456789
Now we are going to share some important tips
and tricks that will help you prepare the Digit sum = (1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9) = 45 =
Simplification - Approximation topic better. (4+5) = 9
Note: In this case our assumption is that 9
Simplification / Approximation: Tips and should be treated as 0.
Tricks
Ex: 123 × 456 × 781
We strictly recommend you to learn square (up to
30) and cube (up to 20).We will discuss here (A)43804728 (B) 53804728 (C) 53804528
methods to solve and types of problems which are (D)33804958
generally asked in exams.
LHS (Digit sum)= (1+2+3)×(4+5+6)×(7+8+1)= 6× (A)9759 (B)9750 (C)9740 (D)9755 (E)9655
6× 7 = 36× 7 = 9 × 7 = 63 = 0
Solution:
RHS (Digit sum):
6269+ (3/4)×4444+148.0
(A) (4+3+8+0+4+7+2+8)= 36 =(3+6)= 9 = 0
6269+3333+148
(B) (5+3+8+0+4+7+2+8) = 37 = 10 = (1+0)
We can see that unit digit is Zero. So options
=1
remained are B and C.
(C) = 35 = (3+5) = 8
Now, (23)+(12)+(13)
(D) =31 = (3+1) = 4
5+3+4 = 12 = 3
So, Option A is the answer. Applying digit sum for (C) = 2 and (B) = 3
Ex: 2011×97+50123 = ? × 743 So, answer is B
(A) 340 (B) 330 (C) 350 (D) 303 (E) 345
Solution: How to calculate Square Root?

In LHS 2011×97, unit digit will be 7 Perfect Square

In 50123, the unit digit is 3, So when we add If the square

1 4 5 6 9 0
these, the addition will have ‘0’ at its unit ends in
place.
The number
In RHS, we also need ‘0’ at the unit place, the would end in
1,9 2,8 5 4,6 3,7 0
number which has to multiplied by 743 must consist
0 at its unit place. So, option (D) and
When a number is given, split it in two parts,
(E) are eliminated.
in such a way that 2nd part has last two digits
Now Let’s apply Unit digit and digit sum In of number and first part will have remaining
digits.
LHS, 2011×97+ 50123
4 × 7 + 11 = 28+11 = 10+2 = 1+2 = 3 Ex 1: Square root of 3481
In RHS if option is (A) Split number in two parts i.e. 34 and 81(last two
digits)
then 340 × 743 = 7×14 = 7 × 5 = 35 = 8
We know that square of number ends in 1, so
LHS ≠ RHS square root ends either in 1 or 9.
In RHS if option is (B) Check, 34 lies between 25 (square of 5) and 36
(square of 36). Take smaller number.
then 330 × 743 = 6× 14 = 6× 5 = 30 = 3
LHS = RHS, It is the answer. If you check other So, our answer is either 51 or 59.
options it will not satisfy this. but we know 502 = 2500 and 602 = 3600, 3481
is nearest to 3600. So the answer is 59.
Ex: 6269+0.75× 4444+0.8×185 =?
or 34 is more close to 36 than 25, so the answer would
is 59. end in
Ex 2: 76176
When a number is given, split it in two parts,
plit: 761 76 in such a way that 2nd part has last three
digits of number and first part will have
Number will end in either 4 or 6, remaining digits.
729(272) < 761 < 784 (282), So the answer Ex 1: cube root of 3112136
may be 274 or 276. 761 is more close to 784,
so the answer is 276. Split in two parts 3112 136

Ex 3: square root of 75076 Number will end with 6

Split: 750 76 143 (2744) < 3112 < 153 (3375)

Number will end in either 4 or 6 Choose the smaller number and answer will be 146.

729(272) < 750 < 784 (282), So the answer may Ex 2: cube root of 2406104
be 274 or 276. 750 is more close to 729 than
784, so the answer is 274. split in two parts 2406 104

Non-Perfect Square: This gives approximate Number will end with 4

value not an exact value. 133 (2197) < 2406 < 143(2744)
Ex4: 1000 So the answer will be 134.
961(312) < 1000 < 1024(322) To approximate Actual values
Now, 1000 is nearest to 1024 If (and only if) we need to find the actual value of a
So, 32 – ((1024-1000)/(2× 32)) given fraction, represent the numerator as sum or
difference of terms related to denominator.
32 – (24/64)
32-.375 = 31.625
1449/132 =
or 31+((1000-961)/(2× 31))
1449 = 1320 + 132 – 3
31 + (39/62)
1449/132 = 10 + 1 – a small value ≈ little less than
31+.629 ≈ 31.63 11 (actual value is 10.977)

How to calculate Cube root?

If the 36587 / 123 =

cube 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 36587 = 36900 – 246 – 61.5 - …
ends in
36587 / 123 = 300 – 2 - 0.5 – a small v alue ≈ little
The less than 297.5 (actual is 297.455)
1 8 7 4 5 6 3 2 9 0
number
1569 / 12 =
1569 = 1200 + 360 + 8.4 + 0.6
1569 / 12 = 100 + 30 + 0.7 + 0.05 = 130.75