IT 315
Ch. 10
10-1
Distinguish between dial-up telephone service you use as a consumer and leased line services used in
business.
Dial-Up Connection Leased Lines
Initiated on demand of customer Always connected
Uses existing telephone lines Rented from company
Use asynchronous communications Uses synchronous/asynchronous units
Service line uses modems that are inexpensive Maintained throughout life of lease
Established and maintained for duration of
connection
10-2
If you have a network of leased lines, you have options for how many sites you connect. Sites can
communicate directly or through immediate sites.
a) In a full mesh, every pair of sites will be directly linked by a leased line. If there are N sites, there
will be N*(N-1)/2 connections. In figure 10-13, how many leased lines would be used in a full
mesh?
5 * (5-1/2)= 5* (4/2)= 5*2= 10
The total number of leased lines would be used in a full mesh in figure 10-13 would be 10
b) In a hub-and-spoke network, there is a central site, and a leased line radiates from it to each
other site. In figure 10-13, how many leased lines would be used in a hub-and-spoke network
with the hub located at site A?
4
c) What is the benefit of full mesh networks over hub-and-spoke networks?
The benefits of full mesh networks over hub-and-spoke networks are many access points
connected to each other directly, if one component fails, there are other alternatives so that
data transfer will not be affected and finally time lag will not be present in this network.
Whereas hub-and-spoke are all connected to a single point so that waiting time for data is very
high. If any one of a hub fails, the data transfer will be affected and may fail to communicate.
d) What is the advantage of hub-and-spoke networks?
The hub-and-spoke networks will be connected to a single access point so there may be less
congestion in the networks, and security implementation is less complex to set up and maintain.
e) How would you use this information about advantages to advise a company about what to do
when it installs a network of leased lines?
I would access what there primary goals are with their business and how many devices will be
connected to the network, I would then provide the administrator with the benefits and
disadvantages of each network type and have them make an informed decision that suits their
businesses needs
10-3
In ADSL service, there is a single UTP pair running from the end office switch to the individual household.
In cable modem service, the thick coaxial cable in the neighborhood is shared by many subscribers. Yet,
typically, cable modem service provides faster service to individual customers than ADSL. How can this
be?
ADSL offers both voice and data to residential customers at the same time, the telephone
companies will transmit data through the single unshielded UTP Pair along with voice. ASDL speeds are
slower compared to a cable modem service providing 128 Kbps to 3 Mbps where a cable modem
provides 2 times faster speeds due to the two-way broadband data communication to subscribers.
10-4
a) What two wired WAN technologies are growing rapidly?
Ethernet and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
b) Compare their relative attractions and main uses
SDH transfers digital bit streams synchronously over optical fiber
c) Why will leased lines continue to be important even if networks of leased lines are no longer
used?
They are extremely good in security and reliability. The connection is guaranteed by the carrier
for a level of quality and are dedicated to the consumer’s traffic. It is always active and there is a
fixed monthly charge for it
11-1
The sender uses HTTP to transmit mail. What standard or standards will the receiver use to download
the message?
The receiver will use the standards of POP: Post Office Protocol or IMAP: Internet Message Access
Protocol.
11-2
In VOIP, which of the following is transport or signaling:
a) SIP- Signaling
b) The delivery of voice between users- Transport
c) RTP- Transport
d) Call setup- Signaling
e) CODEC data- Signaling
11-3
Skype uses super nodes, which do more work than ordinary P2P nodes.
How do you think nodes become super nodes?
If a PC does not have a firewall Skype uses their PC resources and network bandwidth as third parties to
increase their companies recourses available to connect other PCs to each other during calls