PLANNING ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STEEL

STRUCTURES IN COMMERCIAL BUILDING

A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by

SABARI MUGUNTHAN M (2016101105)

SURIYAPRAKAASAM N S (2016101123)

VINOTH KUMAR C (2016101148)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
APRIL 2019

SETHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

An Autonomous Institution
Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai

PULLOOR, KARIAPATTI – 626 115.

 SETHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
An autonomous institute

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report “PLANNING ANANLYSIS AND
DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES IN COMMERCIAL
BUILDING” is the bonafide work of “SABARI MUGUNTHAN M
(2016101103), SURIYAPRAKASAM N S (2016101123),
VINOTH KUMAR C (2016101148)” who carried out the Project
work under my supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

[Link] [Link], M.E

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SUPERVISOR
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
Department of civil engineering Department of civil engineering
Sethu institute of technology Sethu institute of technology
Pulloor, kariapatti - 626115 Pulloor, kariapatti – 626115

Submitted for the viva-voice examination held at Sethu Institute of

Technology

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMIER

 TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO

ABSTRACT I

LIST OF TABLES II

LIST OF FIGURES III

LIST OF SYMBOLS IV

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 General 1

1.2 Introduction of Steel 1

1.3 Need of the Project 2

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

3 METHODOLOGY 7

4 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4.1 StaadPro Analysis 8

4.2 Slab Numbering 18

4.3 Steel Plate Design (Slab) 19

4.4 Steel Beam Design 23

 4.5 Steel Coloumn Design 28

4.6 Footing Design 32

5 APPROXIMATE ESTIMATION 35

6 RESULT AND CONCLUSION

6.1 Result 36

6.2 Conclusion 36

7 REFERENCES 37
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO TITLE PAGE NO

4.1 Bar Bending Schedule 34

5.1 Approximate Estimate 35

I
 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE NO

4.1 Pressure on Full Plate 15

4.2 Floor Load 15

4.3 Staircase 16

4.4 Emergency Exit Staircase 16

4.5 Building Cross Sectional View 17

4.6 Beam I-Section View 23

4.7 Coloumn I-Section View 28

II
LIST OF SYMBOLS

A - Area of cross section

Ag - Gross cross sectional area
An - net effective area
Ag0 - Gross area of outstanding leg
Anc - Net gross area of connected leg
Av - Shear area
Atg - Area in tension from the centre of the hole to toe of angle Section
Atn - net area in tension from the centre of the hole to toe of
Angle section
fu - ultimate tensile stress
fub - ultimate tensile stress of bolt
fy - yield stress
KL - effective length of the member
rvv - radius of gyration
Tdg - yielding strength of gross section
Tdn - rupture strength of net section
Tdb - block shear strength
vnpb - brearing strength of bolt
vdpb - shearing strength of bolt
ɣm0 - partial safety factor against yelding stress
ɣml - partial safety factor against ultimate stress
ɣmb - partial safety factor for bolt connection
e,d - end and pitch distance of the fastener
d0,d - diameter of the hole and bolt

III
ABSTRACT

Planning a steel structured building with design and economy elegance,

serviceable and also desirable structure the entire process of designing

requires knowledge on designing a steel structured building besides

knowledge of practical aspects such relevant to design commence with

planning of structural members primarily to meet the defined specification

the functional requirements for this purpose we have selected of which

commercial building Having (G+2) floor with requirements Of the

shopping mall which is fully designed with steel manual calculation is used

learn the basic of steel structure by using auto CAD software is a tool to

design functional design of any plan this tool is used to design the floor

plan and design detail of the site according to building laws STAAD PRO

is structural analysis tool used to analyze the design of steel structure.

IV
CHAPTER 1
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

A shopping mall is place where large no of people gather to get entertained

themselves with new type of adventures. So a mall should satisfy the

required needs for the people the mall should be constructed in such a way

explaining and portraying the cultural diversity of the society and it should

be located in center of populated area. And a mall should be located in

center of the populated area. And a mall should have its own space and

requirements by the Indian standard codes.

1.2 INTRODUCTION OF STEEL

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and some other elements. Because of its

high tensile strength and low cost, it is a major component used in buildings

and infrastructure iron is the base metal of steel . steel was produced in

bloomer furnaces for thousands of years, but its large scale production

methods were devised in the 17th century.

Heat treatment in steel is common there are many types of method one of

the common method used is Annealing, quenching and tempering. Heat

1
treatment is effective on compositions above the eutectoid composition

Production of steel when iron is melted from its ore, it contains more carbon

than is desirable. To become steel it must be reprocessed to reduce the carbon

to the correct amount, at which point other elements can be added. In the

past steel facilities would cast the raw steel product into ingots which would

be stored until use in further refinement processes that resulted in finished

[Link] modern facilities the initial product is close to the final

composition and is continuously cast into long slabs, cut and shaped into

bars and extrusions and heat treated to produce a final product.

1.3 NEED OF THE PROJECT

STEEL structures are abundantly used in every part of the construction they

act as a huge medium of constructing a building like a skeleton stuructre for

the building .normally steel have tendency to bear the load structure so steel

is widely used in every type of buildings mostly commercial buildings use

very large no of steel in construction so if we construct a building that fully

designed and constructed in steel structure it will increase the building life

span more than a concrete structure these can be taken as advantage of

constructing a building in steel structure.

2
CHAPTER 2
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL STRUCTURES,

VOLUME 78, NOVEMBER 2012, (Pages 131-143), J.G TENG,

[Link], “STRENTHENING OF STEEL STRUCTURES” Over

the part two decades Fibre Reinforced Polymer(FRP) composites have

gradually gained wide acceptance in civil engineering applications due to

their advantages including their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent

corrosion resistance. In particular many possibilities of using FRP in

strengthening and construction of concrete structures have been explored

more recently use of FRP to strengthen existing structures has received

much attention.

ISSN : 0143-974X, [Link], [Link], “A METHOD

TO PREDICT PITTING CORROSION OF STAINLESS

STEELS IN EVAPORATE” Stainless steel are used in architecture

and building because of their good corrosion resistance and visual

appearance. Despite all precautions localized corrosion has caused

unexpected material failures in environments which should be

harmless. These failures are associated to surface contamination with

corrosive salt solutiuons that are formed when splash water

concentrates due to evaporation. This paper reports on studies

carried out to investigate the localized corrosion risk of stainless

steel in concentrated salt solutions.

CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS VOLUME

128, 15 DECEMBER 2016, PAGES 170-175, PENG CHI-PENG,

JEN-HAO CHI, JYIN WEN CHENG, “A STUDY ON

BEHAVIOUR OF STEEL STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO

FIRE USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING” As the

temperature of steel increase especially during a fire, it will reduce

the strength of a structure. Since the properties of steel, such as the

Young’s modulus and yielding strength, drop rapidly with increasing

temperature, during a fire load capacity of such structures will

decline dramatically. The results of ultrasonic wave speed

measurement show that heating up to 1000 degree Celsius and

cooling by water produces a large change in wave speed.

ISSN: 1598-2351 (print version),ISSN: 2093-6311(electronic

version), [Link], [Link], “INTERNATIONAL

JOURNAL OF STEEL STRUCTURES” The International

Journal of steel structures provides an international forum for a

board classification of technical papers in steel structural research

and its application the journal aims to reach not onlyresearchers , but

also for practicing begineers. Covarage encompasses such topics as

stability, fatique, non linear behavior, dynamic and more.

ISSN:0143-9748, [Link], “ANALYSIS OF THE

BEHAVIOUR OF STAINLESS STEEL BOLTED

CONNECTIONS” The study is focused on two types of bolted

connections that are common in steel structures they concern cover

plate connections and T-stubs, where the bolts are loaded in shear or

in Tension. The stainless steel connectiom design are essentially the

same as for carbon steel. The study consider the case of stainless

steel for which the conventional elastic limit is relatively low

compared to the ultimate strength.

ISSN:0143-974X, RIS 10-69646, GRAHAN GUDGE, “STRUCTURAL

USES OF STAINLESS STEEL BUILDINGS AND CIVIL

ENGINEERING” Stainless steel have not traditionally been widely used

as structural metal in building and civil engineering where the steels have

been used for this purpose there has been some other imperative driving

the design, usually corrosion resistance for archetectual Requirements

rather than the inherent structural properties of steel. The primary reason

for this low use in structural application is usually the precevied.

CHAPTER 3
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

Study about the Steel Behaviour

Literature Review

Planning

Analyze in staadpro and manually

Design

Final Result

Conclusion
CHAPTER 4
 CHAPTER 4

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4.1 ANALYSIS OF STAADpro

1. STAAD SPACE INPUT FILE: C:\SProV8i SS6\STAAD\Plugins\[Link]

2. START JOB INFORMATION

3. ENGINEER DATE 23-MAR-19

4. END JOB INFORMATION

5. INPUT WIDTH 79

6. UNIT METER KN

7. JOINT COORDINATES

8. 1 0 0 0; 2 1.85806 0 0; 3 3.71613 0 0; 4 5.57419 0 0; 5 7.43226 0 0

9. 6 9.29032 0 0; 7 11.1484 0 0; 8 13.0065 0 0; 9 14.8645 0 0; 10 16.7226 0 0

10. 11 18.5806 0 0; 12 0 0 1.85806; 13 1.85806 0 1.85806; 14 3.71613 0 1.85806

11. 15 5.57419 0 1.85806; 16 7.43226 0 1.85806; 17 9.29032 0 1.85806

12. 18 11.1484 0 1.85806; 19 13.0065 0 1.85806; 20 14.8645 0 1.85806

13. 21 16.7226 0 1.85806; 22 18.5806 0 1.85806; 23 0 0 2.7871; 24 1.85806 0 2.7871

14. 25 3.71613 0 2.7871; 26 5.57419 0 2.7871; 27 7.43226 0 2.7871

15. 28 9.29032 0 2.7871; 29 11.1484 0 2.7871; 30 13.0065 0 2.7871

16. 31 14.8645 0 2.7871; 32 16.7226 0 2.7871; 33 18.5806 0 2.7871; 34 0 0 8.36129

17. 35 1.85806 0 8.36129; 36 3.71613 0 8.36129; 37 5.57419 0 8.36129

18. 38 7.43226 0 8.36129; 39 9.29032 0 8.36129; 40 11.1484 0 8.36129

19. 41 13.0065 0 8.36129; 42 14.8645 0 8.36129; 43 16.7226 0 8.36129

20. 44 18.5806 0 8.36129; 45 0 0 9.29032; 46 1.85806 0 9.29032

21. 99 18.5806 0.929032 2.7871; 100 0 0.929032 8.36129

22. 101 1.85806 0.929032 8.36129; 102 3.71613 0.929032 8.36129

23. 103 5.57419 0.929032 8.36129; 104 7.43226 0.929032 8.36129

24. 105 9.29032 0.929032 8.36129; 106 11.1484 0.929032 8.36129

25. 107 13.0065 0.929032 8.36129; 108 14.8645 0.929032 8.36129

26. 109 16.7226 0.929032 8.36129; 110 18.5806 0.929032 8.36129

27. 111 0 0.929032 9.29032; 112 1.85806 0.929032 9.29032

28. 113 3.71613 0.929032 9.29032; 114 5.57419 0.929032 9.29032

29. 115 7.43226 0.929032 9.29032; 116 9.29032 0.929032 9.29032

30. 117 11.1484 0.929032 9.29032; 118 13.0065 0.929032 9.29032

31. 119 14.8645 0.929032 9.29032; 120 16.7226 0.929032 9.29032

32. 121 18.5806 0.929032 9.29032; 122 0 0.929032 11.1484

33. 123 1.85806 0.929032 11.1484; 124 3.71613 0.929032 11.1484

34. 125 5.57419 0.929032 11.1484; 126 7.43226 0.929032 11.1484

35. 127 9.29032 0.929032 11.1484; 128 11.1484 0.929032 11.1484

36. 129 13.0065 0.929032 11.1484; 130 14.8645 0.929032 11.1484

37. 131 16.7226 0.929032 11.1484;132 18.5806 0.929032 11.1484;133 0 2.32258 0

38. 134 1.85806 2.32258 0; 135 3.71613 2.32258 0; 136 5.57419 2.32258 0

39. 137 7.43226 2.32258 0; 138 9.29032 2.32258 0; 139 11.1484 2.32258 0

40. 140 13.0065 2.32258 0; 141 14.8645 2.32258 0; 142 16.7226 2.32258 0

41. MEMBER INCIDENCES

42. 116 1 67; 117 2 68; 118 3 69; 119 4 70; 120 5 71; 121 6 72; 122 7 73; 123 8 74

43. 124 9 75; 125 10 76; 126 11 77; 127 12 78; 128 13 79; 129 14 80; 130 15 81

44. 131 16 82; 132 17 83; 133 18 84; 134 19 85; 136 21 87; 137 22 88; 138 23 89

45. 139 24 90; 140 25 91; 141 26 92; 142 27 93; 143 28 94; 144 29 95; 145 30 96

46. 146 31 97; 147 32 98; 148 33 99; 149 34 100; 150 35 101; 151 36 102

47. 152 37 103; 153 38 104; 154 39 105; 155 40 106; 156 41 107; 157 42 108

48. 158 43 109; 159 44 110; 160 45 111; 161 46 112; 162 47 113; 163 48 114

49. 164 49 115; 165 50 116; 166 51 117; 167 52 118; 168 53 119; 169 54 120

50. 170 55 121; 171 56 122; 172 57 123; 173 58 124; 174 59 125; 175 60 126

51. 176 61 127; 177 62 128; 178 63 129; 179 64 130; 180 65 131; 181 66 132

52. 182 67 68; 183 68 69; 184 69 70; 185 70 71; 186 71 72; 187 72 73; 188 73 74
53. 189 74 75; 190 75 76; 191 76 77; 192 67 78; 193 68 79; 194 69 80; 195 70 81

54. 196 71 82; 197 72 83; 198 73 84; 199 74 85; 200 75 86; 201 76 87; 202 77 88

55. 203 78 79; 204 79 80; 205 80 81; 206 81 82; 207 82 83; 208 83 84; 209 84 85

56. 210 85 86; 211 86 87; 212 87 88; 213 78 89; 214 79 90; 215 80 91; 216 81 92

57. 217 82 93; 218 83 94; 219 84 95; 220 85 96; 221 86 97; 222 87 98; 223 88 99

58. 224 89 90; 225 90 91; 226 91 92; 227 92 93; 228 93 94; 229 94 95; 230 95 96

59. 231 96 97; 232 97 98; 233 98 99; 234 89 100; 235 90 101; 236 91 102

60. 237 94 105; 238 95 106; 239 98 109; 240 99 110; 241 100 101; 242 101 102

61. 243 102 103; 244 103 104; 245 104 105; 246 105 106; 247 106 107; 248 107 108

62. 249 108 109; 250 109 110; 251 100 111; 252 101 112; 253 102 113; 254 103 114

63. 255 104 115; 256 105 116; 257 106 117; 258 107 118; 259 108 119; 260 109 120

64. 261 110 121; 262 111 112; 263 112 113; 264 113 114; 265 114 115; 266 115 116

65. 267 116 117; 268 117 118; 269 118 119; 270 119 120; 271 120 121; 272 111 122

66. 273 112 123; 274 113 124; 275 114 125; 276 115 126; 277 116 127; 278 117 128

67. 279 118 129; 280 119 130; 281 120 131; 282 121 132; 283 122 123; 284 123 124

68. ELEMENT PROPERTY

69. 824 TO 937 939 941 TO 983 985 987 TO 1007 THICKNESS 0.305

70. DEFINE MATERIAL START

71. ISOTROPIC CONCRETE

72. E 2.17184E+007

73. POISSON 0.17

74. DENSITY 23.6158

75. ALPHA 5E-006

76. DAMP 0.05

77. TYPE CONCRETE

78. STRENGTH FCU 27578.9

79. ISOTROPIC STEEL

80. E 1.99947E+008

81. POISSON 0.3

82. DENSITY 76.8191

83. ALPHA 6E-006

84. DAMP 0.03

85. TYPE STEEL

86. STRENGTH FY 248210 FU 399894 RY 1.5 RT 1.2

87. END DEFINE MATERIAL

88. MEMBER PROPERTY INDIAN

89.116 TO 134 136 TO 181 293 TO 358 470 TO 535 647 TO 712TABLE ST ISLB275
90. 182 TO 292 359 TO 469 536 TO 646 713 TO 823 TABLE ST ISWB550

91. CONSTANTS

92. MATERIAL CONCRETE MEMB 824 TO 937 939 941 TO 983 985 987 TO 1007

93. MATERIAL STEEL MEMB 116 TO 134 136 TO 823

94. SUPPORTS

95. 1 TO 66 FIXED

96. LOAD 1 LOADTYPE DEAD TITLE DEAD

97. SELFWEIGHT Y -12.375

98. LOAD 2 LOADTYPE LIVE TITLE LIVE

99. FLOOR LOAD

100. YRANGE 0 16.763 FLOAD -6 GY

101. PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT ALL

PROBLEMSTATISTICS

-----------------------------------

NUMBER OF JOINTS 330 NUMBER OF MEMBERS 707

NUMBER OF PLATES 180 NUMBER OF SOLIDS 0

NUMBER OF SURFACES 0 NUMBER OF SUPPORTS 66

SOLVER USED IS THE OUT-OF-CORE BASIC SOLVER

ORIGINAL/FINAL BAND-WIDTH= 66/ 66/ 402 DOF

TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 2, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 1584

TOTAL LOAD COMBINATION CASES = 0 SO FAR.

SIZE OF STIFFNESS MATRIX = 637 DOUBLE KILO-WORDS

REQRD/AVAIL. DISK SPACE = 20.8/ 31452.4 MB

* STAAD Exit Code: 100, Warning Count: 2, Error Count: 0,

Duration: 11.263
PRESSURE ON FULL PLATE

Fig 4.1

FLOOR LOAD

Fig 4.2
STAIRCASE

Fig 4.3

EMERGENCY EXIT STAIRCASE

Fig 4.4
BUILDING CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW

Fig 4.5
4.2 SLAB NUMBERING
4.3 STEEL PLATE DESIGN (STEEL PLATE 1)

Given

Size = 6.096 m * 6.096 m

ly/lx =1

Simply Supported Edges,

K1 = 0.0479, K2 = 0.00406 [From Design of Steel Structures,

[Link], T 14.5, P 1172]

Unit Weight of Steel = 7.85 KN/m2

Floor Finish = 1.5 KN/m2

Total Dead Load = 7.85 + 1.5

= 9.35 KN/m2

Live Load = 4 KN/m2

Total Load,W = Dead Load + Live Load

= 9.35 + 4

W = 13.35 KN/m2

Design Load, Wu = 20.025 KN/m2

M = K1*w*lx2
 = 0.0479*20.025*6.0962

M = 35.64 KN/m

∆ = (K2*w*lx4)/K3

∆ = lx/100

= 6.096/100

∆ = 0.06096

0.06096 = (0.00406*20.025*6.0964)/K3

K3 = 1.84

K3 = E*t3/[12*(1-�2)]

1.84 = (2*105*t3)/[12*(1-0.32)](For �=0.3,Poissons Ratio)

t = 0.046 m = 46 mm

Steel Plate Thickness is 46 mm.

STEEL PLATE DESIGN (STEEL PLATE 2)

Given

Size = 6.096 m * 18.288 m

ly/lx =3

Simply Supported Edges,

K1 = 0.1250, K2 = 0.01302 [From Design of Steel Structures,

[Link], T 14.5, P 1172]

Unit Weight of Steel = 7.85 KN/m2

Floor Finish = 1.5 KN/m2

Total Dead Load = 7.85 + 1.5

= 9.35 KN/m2

Live Load = 4 KN/m2

Total Load,W = Dead Load + Live Load

= 9.35 + 4

W = 13.35 KN/m2

Design Load, Wu = 20.025 KN/m2

M = K1*w*lx2
 = 0.1250*20.025*6.0962

M = 93.02 KN/m

∆ = (K2*w*lx4)/K3

∆ = lx/100

= 6.096/100

∆ = 0.06096

0.06096 = (0.01302*20.025*6.0964)/K3

K3 = 5.906

K3 = E*t3/[12*(1-�2)]

5.906 = (2*105*t3)/[12*(1-0.32)](For �=0.3,Poissons Ratio)

t = 0.069 m = 69 mm

Steel Plate Thickness is 69 mm.

4.4 STEEL BEAM DESIGN

Fig 4.5 – Beam I-Section View

Given

Load Distribution of Steel Plate to Beam (udl)

Load of Steel Plate = h[(b1 + b2)/2] (For Rectangular Plate)

= 3.048[(18.288 + 12.192)/2]

= 46.45 KN

= 46.45/18.288

= 2.54 KN/m2

Total Load =2.54 KN/m2+2.54 KN/m2 + Unit weight of Steel

= 2.54 + 2.54 + 7.85

Total Load = 12.85 KN/m2

Span L = 6.096 m

FIND THE PLASTIC SECTION

Zp (req) = (M/fy)*�mo

M = (w*l²)/8

= (12.85*6.096²)/8

M = 537.33 KN.m

Shear Force = (w*l)/2 = (12.85*18.288)/2

= 117.51 KN.m

Zp (req) = [(537.33*103)*1.10]/250

Zp (req) = 364.83*103 mm³

SELECTION OF SECTION

Choose ISWB 600 @ 145.1 kg/m (From IS 800 2007)

D = 600 mm

tf = 23.6 mm

tw = 11.8 mm

bf = 250 mm
Zp = 4341.63*10³ mm³

Ze = 3854.2*10³ mm³

Ixx = 115626.6*104 mm4

SECTION CLASSIFICATION

� = √(250/fy) (P 18, IS 800 2007)

= √(250/250) = 1

For Rolled Section,

b/tf = (bf/2)/ tf

= (250/2)/23.6 = 5.29 < 9.4 �

d/tw = 600/11.8 = 50.85 < 84 �

Hence the Section is Safe.

ADEQUACY CHECK

Factored Self Weight = 1.5*1.423

= 2.135 KN/m

Total Load = 12.85 + 2.135

= 14.985 KN/m
B M (max),M = (w*l²)/8

= (14.985*6.096²)/8

M = 626.61 KN/m

Zp = (M* �mo)/fy

= (626.61*106*1.10)/250

=2757.08*10³ mm³<4341.63*10³ mm³

Hence the Section is Safe.

CHECK FOR DESIGN SHEAR STRENGTH

V < 0.6 Vd

V = (w*L)/2 = (14.985*6.096)/2

= 137.04 KN

Vd = (Av*fyw)/( √3* �mo)

Av = h*tw = 600*11.8

= 7080 mm2

Vd = (7080*250)/( √3*1.10)

= 929.01 KN

V < 0.6 Vd
137.04 KN < 0.6*929.01 KN

137.04 KN < 557.41 KN

Hence the Section is Safe.

CHECK FOR DESIGN BENDING STRENGTH

Md = [(�p*Zp*fy)/ �mo] < [(1.2*Ze*fy)/ �mo]

= [(1*4341.63*103)/1.10] < [(1.2*3854.2*103)/1.10]

= 986.73 KN < 1051.15 KN

Hence the Section is Safe.

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

�act < �per

�act = (5*14.985*182884)/(384*2.1*105*115626.6*104)

= 44.09 mm

�per = L/300 = 18288/300

= 60.967 mm

Hence the Section is Safe.

4.5 STEEL COLOUMN DESIGN

Fig 4.6 - Coloumn I-Section View

Given

Load Distribution of Beam To Coloumn

(Concentrated Load)

Four Beams Acting on One Coloumn,

Total Load = [(14.985*6.096)/2] + [(14.985*3.048)/2] +

[(14.985*6.096)/2] + [14.985*18.288)/2]

Total Laod = 251.21 KN

Length = 4.572 m with Z- axis and

0.3048 m with Y- axis

ASSUME DESIGN COMPRESSIVE STRESS

fcd = 135 N/mm2 (For I – Section)

EFFECTIVE SECTIONAL AREA

A = Pd/fcd = 251.21*103/135

= 1860.81 mm2

CHOOSE A SECTION

Choose ISLB 175, (For Steel Table)

A = 2130 mm2

bf = 90 mm

tf = 6.9 mm

tw = 5.1 mm

rzz = 71.7 mm

ryy = 19.3 mm

EFFECTIVE LENGTH

Assume both ends of the coloumn are hinged.

K*Lz = 4.572 m
K*Ly = 0.3048 m

K*Lz < K*Ly

Hence ry is Least, Buckling will be in y-y Direction.

TO FIND SLENDERNESS RATIO AND DESIGN AXIAL

LOAD

ʎ = K*Ly/ry = (1*304.8)/19.3

= 15.79

Buckling Class,

h/bf = 275/90 = 1.94 > 1.2

tf = 6.9 mm < 40 mm

Condition is satisfied.

For Buckling Class,

Z – Z Axis – a class

Y – Y Axis – b class

Use Table 9(b), P 41, For buckling will be in y – y Axis

K*L/r fcd

x1 10 227 y1
x 15.79 ? y

x2 20 225 y2

(x- x1 ) / (x2- x1) = (y- y1) / (y2-y1)

(15.79-10) / (20-10) = (y-227) / (225-227)

fcd(y) = 225.842 N/mm2

Axial Load,P = A*fcd

= 2130*225.842

P = 481.04 KN > 251.21 KN

Hence the Design is Safe.

4.6 FOOTING DESIGN

Given

Length of Pile = 20 m

Diameter of Pile = 0.6 m

Vertical Reinforcement = 20 mm – 12 nos

Outer Helical Ring = 12 mm@ 200 mm Clear Cover

Inner Spiral ties = 16 mm 200 mm Clear cover

Bottom Length of Anchorage = 300 mm

Development Length = 40*d

Clear cover = 75 m

Lv = Anchorage Length of bootom pile + The Height of the

Pile + Development Length(40*d) + Lap Length(50*d)

- Clear cover provided at the Bottom

Lv = 300 + 20000 + (40*d) + (50*d) – 75

= 300 + 20000 + (40*12) + (50*12) – 75

Lv = 21.3 mm
INNER SPACING RING NUMBER

The Number of Rings (Nr) = (Length of the Pile/Spacing) + 1

= (20000/2000) + 1

= 11 NOS

The Radius of the ring = (Radius of the Pile – Clear cover -

Dia of outer ring – dia of vertical

Reinforcement)

= (600 – 75 – 8 – 12)/2

= 252.5 mm

Hence Length of Ring = 2*Pi*r

= 2*3.147*252.3

= 1584.4 mm = 1.58 m

OUTER HELICAL RING NUMBER AND LENGTH OF EACH

RING

Radius of Helical Ring Outer = (Diameter of Pile – Clear Cover)/2

(600 – 75)/2 = 262.5 m

 Length of Ring = 2*Pi*r

= 2*3.147*262.5

= 1648.5 mm = 1.65 m

= 1.65 m

The Number of Rings (Nr) = (Length of Pile/Spacing) + 1

= (20000/200) + 1

= 101 NOS

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE

Specification Diameter No of Length Total

of Bars Bars of Rods Length

(m) (m) (m) (m)

Vertical Bar 12 12 21.3 255.6

Inner Ring 16 11 1.58 17.4

Bar

Outer Ring 8 101 1.65 166.65

Bar

Table 4.1
CHAPTER 5
 CHAPTER 5
APPROXIMATE ESTIMATE

Total Area of the Mall Site = 4412 m2

Building Area = 3229.7 m2

[Link] DETAILS RATE CALCULATION AMOUNT

1 Construction Rs. 15,100/- Rs.15,100 x 4412 Rs.199,863,600.00

Cost sq.m x 3 floors
2 Special 1% of Building 1/100 x Rs. 1998636 /-
Architectural Cost 199,863,600.00
Treatment
3 Water Supply 4% of Building 4/100 x Rs. 7,994,544 /-
and Sanitary Cost 199,863,600.00
Installation
4 Internal 12% of 12/100 x Rs. 23,983,632 /-
Electrical Building Cost 199,863,600.00
Installation
5 Services 5% of Building 5/100 x Rs. 9,993,180
Cost 199,863,600.00
TOTAL Rs. 243,833,592 /-

6 Contingencies 2% of Overall 2/100 x Rs. 4,876,671.84/-

Cost 243,833,592
7 Supervision 6% of Overall 6/100 x Rs.14,630,015.52/-
charges Cost 243,833,592
GRAND Rs.263,340,279.4/-
TOTAL

Table 5.1 Approximate Estimate

35
CHAPTER 6
 CHAPTER 6

6.1 RESULT

The Final Result obtained from both StaadPro and Manuall

Calculation are equal. By this calculation Steel Structure using in

commercial building.

6.2 CONCLUSION

The planning of the project was done only after

having reviews of different such projects and also references. This project

has enabled us to have a review of what have been learnt. Through this

project, practice have been obtained in StaadPro software for analysis and

design of the structures. There are also many other phases in the project like

the environmental part, interior design, aesthetic look etc., consider for

effective designing of the buildings. Sharing of ideas and incorporating them

were learnt in the project which has given the means for a good design. In

this present study G+2 Commercial Building is designed (Steel Plates

(slabs), Beams, Columns and Footings) using Auto CAD software. Knowing

the loads have been done. All the information gathered during the project

will be useful in future.

CHAPTER 7
 CHAPTER 7
7 REFERENCE

1. DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES, By [Link],

Publications of Oxford University Press, Second Edition, 2010.

2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STEEL STRUCTURES, By

EW-SUNG HWANG.

3. DESIGN OS STEEL STRUCTURES, By [Link],

Publications of Tata Mcgraw hill publishing Co Ltd, New Delhi,

Second Edition with repreint 2005.

4. JOURNAL OF STRENTHENING OF STEEL STRUCTURES

WITH FIBER –REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITE, By

[Link], [Link].

5. DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES, By [Link],

Publications of [Link] Pvt Ltd,2009.

6. COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES,

PUNMIA B.C. , Lakshmi Publications (p) LTD, New Delhi, Second

Edition Reprint.

7. DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES, By [Link].

8. STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGNERS, By Frederic Merritt, Roger

Broknbrough.
9. DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES, New Chand and Bros

Roorkee.

[Link] ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COMMERCIAL

BUILDING OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE, By Binod khadha,

Babin Dahal.

[Link] 800-2007 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION IN STEEL – CODE OF

PRACTICE (Third Revision).

[Link] 875 (Part 1) -1987 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN LOADS

(OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE) FOR BUILDINGS AND

STRUCTURES (Second Revision).

[Link] 875 (Part 2) -1987 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN LOADS

(OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE) FOR BUILDINGS AND

STRUCTURES (Second Revision).

[Link] 875 (Part 3) – 1987 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR WIND LOADS

ON BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES – PROPOSED DRAFT

AND COMMENTARY