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Simple Probability Exercises Guide

The document contains 8 exercises involving calculating probabilities of simple events using counting methods or formulas. It provides the questions and solutions for each exercise involving topics like selecting items from groups with different categories, outcomes of dice rolls or card picks, and probabilities involving two sequential random events. The solutions show setting up tables or diagrams to count the number of favorable outcomes over total possible outcomes to calculate the requested probabilities.

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Ahmed El Khateeb
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21 views3 pages

Simple Probability Exercises Guide

The document contains 8 exercises involving calculating probabilities of simple events using counting methods or formulas. It provides the questions and solutions for each exercise involving topics like selecting items from groups with different categories, outcomes of dice rolls or card picks, and probabilities involving two sequential random events. The solutions show setting up tables or diagrams to count the number of favorable outcomes over total possible outcomes to calculate the requested probabilities.

Uploaded by

Ahmed El Khateeb
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

10/7/2020 Simple Probability:Exercises

Exercise: Simple Probability


1. A Drama class has 8 female and 7 male students.
a. One student is selected at random to deliver a monologue. What is the probability that
a female student is selected?

2. Matthew's shopping bag has 2 red peppers, 7 green peppers, 3 yellow peppers and 3
purple peppers. Without looking, Matthew takes one pepper out of the bag and eats it.
a. What is the probability that it is not a green pepper?
b. What is the probability that it is either yellow or red pepper?

3. Amparo has 4 blue pens, 2 black pens, 2 green pens and 1 red pen in her pocket.
Find the probability that a pen picked by Amparo at random is
a. blue
b. not green
c. neither blue nor black
d. either red or black.

4. The table below shows the number of left and right handed squash player in a school.
Left handed Right handed Total
Male 5 18 23
Female 2 25 27
Total 7 43 50

A squash player is selected at random from this group to be the president of the
squash club. Find the probability that the player is
a. left handed
b. female and left handed

5. The diagram below shows the


result of a Spanish vocabulary
test that has 5 questions in a
class. Find the probability that
a student chosen at random
from this class has
a. 3 correct answers.
b. less than 5 correct
answers.
c. 2 or more correct
answers.

6. An ordinary fair die is thrown.


Find the probability that the
number obtained is
a. a multiple of 2
b. less than 5
c. a factor of 4.

[Link]/math/[Link] 1/3
10/7/2020 Simple Probability:Exercises

7. There are five cards on the table. The cards are "1 red ♥", "2 black ♣", "3 red ♥", "4 black ♠",
and "5 red ♦". One card is selected at random.
a. What is the probability that the card is red?
b. What is the probability that the card has an odd integer?

Instead of selecting one card, we will now select TWO cards at random, one after the
other.

c. What is the probability that the integer on the first card selected is larger than the
integer on the second card?
d. What is the probability that the sum of these two integers is odd?

8. There are 6 male and 9 female students in a math class. Half of these male students and 5 of
the female students are in the movie club.
A student is picked at random to take a photo of the class. Find the probability that this
student
a. is a male.
b. is not in the movie club.
c. is a male and in the movie club.
d. is a female and not in the movie club.

Solutions:
(1a) P(female)= 8/15 ; (2a) p(not green) = 8/15 by counting or by 1-P(green) = 1-7/15 = 8/15. (2b)
P(yellow or red) = P(yellow) + P(red) since these are exclusive events. These peppers cannot be
both yellow and red at the same time. P(yellow or red) = 5/15 = 1/3.
(3a) P(blue)= 4/9, (3b) P(not green) = 1 -P(green) = 7/9, (3c) P(neither blue nor black)= 1 -
P(blue)-P(black) = 3/9 = 1/3. Or simply by counting all pens that are neither blue nor black. (3d)
P(either red or black) = P(red) + P(black) = 3/9 = 1/3.
(4a) P(left handed) = 7/50 from table. (4b)P(female and left handed) = 2/50 from table.
(5a) P(3 correct) = 4/15. (5b) P(less than 5 correct) = 1- P(5 correct) = 1 -2/15 = 13/15. Or by
simple counting. (5c) P(2 or more correct) = 1-P(1 correct) = 14/15 or simply by counting.
(6a) Multiple of 2 are 2,4 & 6. p(multiple of 2) = 3/6 = 1/2. (6b) P(less than 5) = 4/6 = 2/3. (6c)
Factors of 4 are 1, 2, and 4. P(factor of 4) = 3/6 = 1/2.
(7a) P(red)=3/5. (7b) P(odd integer)= 3/5. (7c) One easy way to approach this question is to draw
a lattice diagram Each dot represents a possible outcome. First
card = 1 and second card =1 is not possible because we are picking
up two cards one after another. Similarly [2,2], [3,3], [4,4] and
[5,5] are impossible. The shaded region represents all outcomes
where the integer on the first card is larger than the interger on
the second card. Answer = 1/2.
(7d) P(sum is odd) = 12/20 = 6/10 by using the lattice diagram.
Write out the sum for each dot and count those that are odds.
(8a) P(male) = 6/15 = 2/5 [The golden box in the table](8b) P(not in movie club) = 7/15 [The pink
box in the table] (8c) P(male & in movie club) = 3/15 =1/5 [The salmon color box in the table].
(8d) P(female & not in movie club) = 4/15 [The yellow box in the table]. To visualize these
information better, we can arrange the given information into a table similar to that in question 4
above. The table is shown below.
[Link]/math/[Link] 2/3
10/7/2020 Simple Probability:Exercises

In movie club Not in movie club Total


Male 3 (given) 3 6 (given)
Female 5 (given) 4 9 (given)
Total 8 7 15

[Link]/math/[Link] 3/3

Common questions

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The probability that the sum of the integers on two randomly selected cards is odd involves determining which additive pairings yield odd numbers. Based on an enumeration of all possible pairings and summing them up, P(sum is odd) = 6/10 .

To calculate this probability, enumerate all possible pairwise selections of cards and determine which combinations have a first card with a greater integer than the second. Since order matters and there's no replacement, such outcomes are such that the integer on the first card is larger than the integer on the second, resulting in a probability of 1/2 .

The probability of selecting a female student from a Drama class of 8 female and 7 male students is calculated by dividing the number of female students by the total number of students. Thus, P(female) = 8/(8+7) = 8/15 .

From a set of five cards labeled as "1 red ♥", "2 black ♣", "3 red ♥", "4 black ♠", and "5 red ♦", odd numbered cards are 1, 3, and 5. Therefore, the probability that a selected card has an odd integer is calculated as P(odd integer) = 3/5, since 3 of the 5 cards have odd integers .

The probability that a randomly selected squash player is left-handed is calculated by dividing the total number of left-handed squash players by the total number of squash players. Thus, P(left-handed) = 7/50 .

The probability is calculated using the number of students meeting both conditions: being female and not being in a movie club. With 4 such out of 15 students, P(female & not in movie club) = 4/15 .

The probability that Matthew picks a pepper that is not green is given by subtracting the probability of picking a green pepper from one. There are 2 red, 3 yellow, 3 purple, and 7 green peppers, making a total of 15. Thus, P(not green) = 1 - P(green) = 1 - 7/15 = 8/15 .

The probability of picking a pen that is either red or black can be calculated by adding the probabilities of each event. In this case, there are 1 red and 2 black pens out of a total of 9 pens. Therefore, P(red or black) = P(red) + P(black) = 1/9 + 2/9 = 3/9 = 1/3 .

To determine the probability of a student getting exactly three correct answers, consider each possible outcome combination leading to three correct out of five. Using concepts like binomial distribution may assist, but here, based on observations or direct calculation, P(3 correct) = 4/15 .

Given that there are 3 male students in the movie club out of a total of 15 students, the probability of selecting such a student is the ratio of the specific subgroup to the total. Therefore, P(male & in movie club) = 3/15 = 1/5 .

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