Understanding Functions in Mathematics

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The document provides examples and explanations of concepts related to functions. It includes examples of evaluating functions, operating on functions through addition/subtraction/compositio…
  • Module 1
  • Lesson 2
  • Lesson 3
  • Post Test

Module 1

1. b
2. a
3. c
4. b
5. c
6. d
7. b
8. a
9. a
10. c
Lesson 1
Activity 1
1. What concepts of functions can you associate with the pictures?
The concepts of functions here are trend line plots, bar graphs,
distribution insights.
2. How these concepts are used indifferent situations?
These concepts are used with respect to their different situations.
3. Can you determine any purpose why these concepts are present
in the pictures? Please specify.
For example a bar graph can be used to represent the sales of any
store in each month. A simple trend line plot can be used to show
statistics of inflation and its trend.
4. Can you cite any problem which can be answered through these
concepts? Describe at least one.
It is used in companies or bank and this concept is also be used in
saving money
5. How can challenging problems involving functions be analyzed
and solved?
They can be analyzed and solved by reading the problem,finding
words for any functions you may need to use,find the operation for
the function,and solving by using said function with said operation.

Process Questions:
1. How did you answer the problem above?
0. 44 (x)
58. 7 psi = 14.7 psi + 0.44 (x)
58.7 psi - 14.7 psi = 0.44 psi (x)
                 44 psi = 0.44 psi (x)
44psi =π
  
0.44psi
                                
100 = x
100 inch = 8.33 ft
2. what concept did you use to solve the problem
Pressure exist underwater because the water is denser than air.
Calculation of the pressure for the divers are important because
they might feel discomfort if the pressure that their body can carry
exceeded to the normal pressure. Different units are used by the
divers to define the pressure underwater. From the atmosphere,
people has 1, 000 millibars (mb) or 14.7 pounds per square inch
(psi) of pressure. Mathematically that is,
3. What might happen if you can’t be able to respond to the given
situation?
you might drown or hurt because you haven't accurately know how
deep you can dive, therefore its dangerous to not be able to respond
to the given situation
4. How can challenging problems involving geometric figures be
analyzed and solved
We can analyzed and solve geometric figures by doing observation of
pattern of the terms.

1. For which values of k is the set of order pairs (2, 4), (𝑘, 6), (4, 0 )
a function?
If k ≠ 2 and 4, then k = k < 2 < k < 4 < k
2. Which of the following diagram represents a relation that is NOT
a function?
C

3. Give the domain of 𝑦 = √6 − 𝑥 using set builder notation.


6 - x   0
x -6   0
x   6
so, x ∈ (-∞, 6 ]

4. A person is earning P600 per day to do a certain job. Express the


total salary S as a function of the number n of days that the person
works.
Earns ₱600 per day
1 day = ₱ 600
2 days = ₱2(600) = ₱ 1200
x days = ₱ 600x
f(x) = 600x
5. A taxi ride costs P40.00 for the first 500 meters, and each
additional 300 meters (or a fraction thereof) adds P3.50 to the fare.
Use a piecewise function to represent the taxi fare in terms of the
distance d in meters
Rs. 40.00 for first 500 m
Rs. 3.50 for each additional 300 m.
f(d) = 3x50 x (d-500) + 40
d > 500
300

6. A certain chocolate bar costs P35.00 per piece. However, if you


buy more than 10 pieces, they will be marked down to a price of
P32.00 per piece. Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in
terms of the number of chocolate bars bought.

If x = 9
 
f(x) = 35x

f(9) = 35(9) = P 315.00

If x = 17  

f(x) = 32x

f(17) = 32 (17) = P 544.00


What I learned
1. What did you discover from this activity
I have discovered and learn to perform operations with functions
and composite functions
2. What conjecture or conclusion can you give from what you have
learned?
I therefore conclude that a set of ordered pairs does not represent
a function. It is a relation.

3. How will you validate your answer?


If there is only one output for every input, you have a function. If
it’s a set of ordered pairs does not represent a function. It is
a relation.
4. Be ready to share what you have discovered?
???
Lesson 2
Activity 2
A
`f (x) = 2^-3 – 64
= (-3)^2 – 64
= -27 – 64
F(x) = -91
2. g(x) = / x^3 -3x^2 + 3x-1 /
= / (-3)^3 – 3(-3)^2 + 3(-3) -1 /
= / -27 – 3(9) + (-9) -1 /
= / -27 – 27 – 10 /
= / 64/
g(x) = 64
3. r(x) = 3-2x
= 3-2(-3)
= 3+6
=9
r(x) = 3
4 q(x) = 3x + 1
x^2 + 7x +10
= 3 (-3) + 1
-3^2 + 7(3) + 10
= -9 + 1
9 + 21 + 10
= -8
40
q(x) = - 1
5
B
Given f(x) = x^3 – 4x + 4, solve for
1. f(3) = 3^3 -4(3) + 4
= 27 – 12 + 4
= 27 -8
f(3) = 19
2. f(x+3) = (x+3)^3 – 4 (x-3) + 4
= x^2 + 6x + 9 – 4x -12 + 4
= x^2 + 2x + 1
f(x+3) = (x+1) 2
C
1. 40 minutes = P 20.00
2. 3 hours = P 50.00
3. 150 minutes x 1 hr = 5 hr = 2 1 hr
60 min 2 2
= P 50.00
What I learned
What are the 3 most important things you learned?
Evaluating functions, operating functions and composite of
functions.

What are the two things you are not sure about?
Operating functions and composite of functions

What is 1 thing you want to clarify immediately?


None

Lesson 3
Activity 3
a) f(x) = x - 5 8 g(x) = x2 – 1
1. f+g = x - 5 + x^2 – 1
= x2 + x – 6
2. f-g = x - 5 - (x2 - 1)
= x - 5 - x2 + 1
= -x2 + x - 4
3. fog = (x - 5) (x2-1)
= x3 – 5x2 – x + 5
4 g-f = (x2-1) – (x-5)
= ____1_____
(x2-1) (x-5)
5. g = x2 – 1
F x–5
b. f(x) = x2 – 1 g(x) = 1
x
1. fog(x) = x2 – 1
= (1)2 – 1
x
= x–1 -1
x2
2. gof (-1) = f(-1) = x2-1
= (-1) 2 – 1
=0
=1
x
=1
0

3. fof (x) = x2 – 1
= (x2-1)2 – 1
= (x^4-2x2 +1 – 1
= x^4 -2x2

4. gog(5) = 1 g(5) = 1
x 5
=1
1

5
c. f(x) = 2x + 1
g(x) = 5x2
h(x) = x + 3
1. fog (x) = 2x + 1
= 2(5x2) + 1
= 10 x2 + 1
2. gof (x) = 5x2
2
= 5 (2x + 1)
= 5 (4x2 + 4x + 1)
3. hog (x) = x + 3
= 5x2 + 3
4. foh (x) = 2x + 1
= 2(x+3) + 1
= 2x + 6 + 1
= 2x + 7
d. n (x) = x
p (x) = 320 – 8x
c (x) = 200x

1. n • p (x) = x (320 – 8x)


= 320x – 8x2

2. n • p- c (x) = (x) (320 – 8x) – 200x


= 320x - 8x2 – 200x
= - 8x 2 + 120x

What I learned
What are the 3 most important things you learned?
Evaluating functions, operating functions and composite of
functions.

What are the two things you are not sure about?
Operating functions and composite of functions

What is 1 thing you want to clarify immediately?


None

Post Test
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. b
5. c
6. d
7. b
8. a
9. a
10. c

Common questions

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Piecewise functions are useful for modeling situations where a rule or condition changes at different intervals. For instance, a taxi fare calculation might involve an initial fixed cost and additional charges based on distance, represented by different expressions for different intervals . The challenge lies in correctly identifying the intervals and conditions that determine the transition points between function pieces, ensuring the function accurately reflects real-world operations.

A systematic approach involves several steps: identifying patterns, breaking down complex problems into simpler components, and applying heuristics or known theorems. Analyzing the problem from multiple perspectives and attempting different solution methods can reveal otherwise overlooked solutions . Consistent practice and familiarity with foundational concepts greatly enhance the effectiveness of this systematic method.

The main challenge in ensuring a set of ordered pairs represents a function is verifying the condition that each input corresponds to exactly one output. Mathematically, this requires checking that there are no repeating x-values with different y-values. Conceptually, it involves understanding the function's definition and not confusing it with a relation where multiple outputs are possible for a single input .

Composite functions can be used to combine multiple data processing stages into single functions, simplifying analysis and decision-making. For instance, in financial modeling, composite functions can integrate multiple cost and revenue streams into one model, simplifying profit forecasts . The utility lies in their ability to streamline complex data workflows into understandable models that can inform strategic decisions.

Geometric figures can be analyzed by observing patterns, such as symmetry, congruence, and repetition. These patterns can provide insights into solving problems by breaking down figures into known shapes or by using transformations to simplify complex structures . The use of patterns enables a structured approach to identify relationships within the figures, aiding in developing a problem-solving strategy.

Accurate evaluation of functions ensures the reliability of outputs used in decision-making processes across domains like economics and engineering. Common pitfalls include misinterpretation of variables, neglecting domain restrictions, or computational errors leading to incorrect outcomes . Ensuring precise calculations and understanding variable influences are vital to avoid these issues.

Understanding the relationship where pressure increases with depth is crucial for diver safety, as exceeding tolerable pressure can lead to physical discomfort or injury. This requires precise calculations based on known constants (e.g., atmospheric pressure at surface level) to limit dissents to safe depths . Being able to predict pressure changes helps prevent accidents such as decompression sickness.

To effectively teach function operations, it is important to start with basic definitions and illustrate using simple examples before moving to more complex operations like addition, subtraction, and composition. Applying operations to real-world scenarios can enhance understanding, such as combining cost functions in budgeting activities . Emphasizing real-life applications helps students think in terms of how different functions interrelate in practical situations.

Ensuring one-to-one correspondence ensures that each real-world input scenario produces a unique, predictable result, which is essential for accurate modeling and forecasting. For instance, incorrect mappings could result in logistical errors in supply chain models, leading to inefficiencies or oversupply . Therefore, the integrity of data and predictions depends on this key functional characteristic.

The domain of a function defines all permissible input values, ensuring that outputs align with the function's formula. Set-builder notation precisely describes these inputs, highlighting restrictions such as inequalities or constraints (e.g., x ∈ (-∞, 6] for 𝑦 = √6 − 𝑥). This notation is crucial for avoiding undefined operations like division by zero or negative root values, thus maintaining function validity.

Module 1
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. b
5. c
6. d
7. b
8.  a
9.  a
10.  c
Lesson 1
Activity 1
1. What concepts of functions can you asso
5. How can challenging problems involving functions be analyzed 
and solved?
They can be analyzed  and  solved by  reading  t
4. How can challenging problems involving geometric figures be 
analyzed and solved
We can analyzed and solve geometric figur
5. A taxi ride costs P40.00 for the first 500 meters, and each 
additional 300 meters (or a fraction thereof) adds P3.50 to t
I therefore conclude that a set of ordered pairs does not represent 
a function. It is a relation.
3. How will you validate y
4 q(x) = 3x + 1
            x^2 + 7x +10
         = 3 (-3) + 1
            -3^2 + 7(3) + 10
         = -9 + 1
            9 +
What are the 3 most important things you learned?
Evaluating functions, operating functions and composite of 
functions.
What
1. fog(x) = x2 – 1 
             = (1)2 – 1
                 x
             =  x – 1    - 1
                     x2
2. gof (-
= 2(5x2) + 1
              = 10 x2 + 1
2. gof (x) = 5x2 
              = 5 (2x + 1) 2
              = 5 (4x2 +
Evaluating  functions,  operating  functions  and  composite  of
functions.
What are the two things you are not sure about?
O

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