DIGITAL FUNCTION GENERATOR mopet:__72-380_SECTION 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION The DIGITAL FUNCTION GENERATOR provides square, triangle, sing, ramp and pulse waveforms over & frequency range from 0.2 Hz to 2 MHz, plus « VCF input, variable OC offsat and TTL or CMOS pulse output. The frequency counter A measurement range from 04 Hz to 10 MHz. High input sensitivity of 20mv RMS. FRONT PANEL ‘The msin output and all controls are located on the front parel, They are: the push button POWER switch, seven frequency RANGE push button switches, threo ‘push button FUNCTION switches, frequency MULTI PLIER (variable), DUTY potentiometer with jnvert switch, DC OFFSET control with level control, output AMPLI- TUDE control with output attenuation, OUTPUT, VCF (voltage controlled frequency) input, COUNTER input, TTL or CMOS pulse output, CMOS teval control with CMOSITTL selector SW, input sensitivity ATT, EXT/INT selector SW, counter display, Hz and KHz indicator, over flow indicator, Gate signal indicator. REAR PANEL ‘On the rear panel is located the power cord receptacie. PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS Main Generator: Ali circultty and the, power supply sre contained on the main P.C. board. All controls and the POWER switch are alto contained on the main P.C. board. FREQUENCY COUNTER: The frequency counter le contained on the main P.C. board. ELECTRICAL DESCRIPTION ‘The DIGITAL Function Generator utilizes two con- stant current sources of opposite polarity tor charging and. discharging & timing capacitor to produce the tiangular waveform. ‘A diode shaping bridge network shapes the trisngle to produce the lowdistortion sine wave. The loval detector series the yoltage on the timing capscltor and connects ‘and dlzconnects the current sources alternately. The square wave produced by the level detector is utilized to produce the output square wave.SPECIFICATIONS ‘Specifications are listed below in tabte 1-1 Table 1-1. Specifications ‘Theory of operation is given in section 3. Frequeney Accuracy 25% oF length sule VEGF. (Voltage Controlled Frequency) ‘Main Ouiput Wave Forme “Amplitude ‘porox 010 10V (1V) (input for 100051 (3. decades) Arequency rato input i padanea, Aprox 10K Sine, Kiang, savers, Bu andramp >20V pp open ereult > 10V pp inte Bon. ain Gevertor Pui ouput ] Frequency Range wee Riva tine <2 oS wise § TTL Lowe | oe “Amends Fad > open ‘ireait Tentieod GTL TOIT Inetnetion marl 1 200K KEDAH <0, 58 ive Tine < 120.08 ‘Arrenvation 20d & continuously Varabie ‘Oimension ‘ZaTIexBSIM<2B6(O}r De other Variable #10 19 -10V open Wow circu, +8 0 -BV into B02 " sa ‘Sine Wave Distortion’ 0.2He 200KHECT Response: 0.2H2-200KH2<0,148 | Frequency counter: INT, EXT Switch Selector b. Accuracy: #Time Base accuracy + 1 count. © Time Gase: Oscillation frequency 10MHzStability 0°-80°C + 2X 10"* Counting Capacity: 6 digit (0.3" LED display). Resolution: O.1Hz, 1Hz, 10Hz, 100H2. Frequency Range: 0.1Hz- 10MHz. ‘Sensitivicy: <20mV rms. Max. Input Voltage: 150V rms. Input Impedance: 1MO eaee SECTION 2 INSTALLATION AND OPERATION UNPACKING AND INSPECTION ‘THE DIGITAL FUNCTION GENERATOR 's pack ‘aged to absorb eny reasonable shock encountered during Carefully remove the instrument from the shipping container and inspect for shipping damage. If damage is found, notify the carrer immediately. AC POWER REQUIREMENTS ‘This instrument operate on line voltages of either 110V, 220V, 240V AC + 10% 50-60H2, power dissipation approx. 10VA. FUSE REPLACEMENT If for some reason the fuse blows, first try to deter mine the cause of the failure and remedy if possible, NOTE: Replace with the proper size fuse ONLY to prevent ‘damage to the instrument. CONTROLS AND INDICATORS POWER SWITCH ‘The power switch applies power to the function generator. RANGE SWITCH ‘Seven fixed decades of frequency ere provided by the RANGE pushbutton switch. Each of the seven push button RANGE switches is interlocked. Depressing one pushbutton will release all others, FUNCTION SWITCH “Three imerlocking pushbutton switches provide stlection of the desired output waveform. Depressing ‘one switch will release the switch previously depressed, ‘Squire, triangle, and sine waveforms are provided, satisfy: ing most applications. MULTIPLIER ‘The MULTIPLIER is 2 variable potentiometer allow: lng frequency settings between fixed ranges. Although ‘the dial skirt is calibrated from .2 to 2.0, the dynamic range of the MULTIPLIER dial is 1000:1 (three decades). For ‘example, this allows frequency settings between 200KHz ‘and 200Hz without changing ranges. NOTE: This is necessary when sweeping up in frequency ‘over a three decade range 1000:1, (Vottage ControlFrequency Applications). DUTY CONTROL WITH INVERT Time symmetry of the OUTPUT waveforms, wall ss the TTL or CMOS PULSE output, is controlled by the DUTY potentiometer. When this control is set to the CAL position, the time symmetry of the output waveforms is 60/80 or approxi- mately 100% symmetrical. The variable symmetry allows the time period of ‘onehaif the waveform to be changed while the other halt remains fixed as determined by RANGE and MULTI- PLIER settings. This unique feature provides ramp wave- forms, variable pulse width and variable duty cycle pulses, and skewed tine aves. The duty “control potentiometer with INVERT switch when pull position is provided. inverts the time symmetry set by the Duty control. Table 2-1 illustrates the effect of the INVERT switch and DUTY control, NOTE: The time symmetry af illustrated below is for reference only. Any desired time symmetry ratio ‘may be set 2s desired within the limits ss described in Section 3, DUTY. Table 2-1. Duty Controt De OFFSET WITH LEVEL CONTROL ‘DC OFFSET control (DC offzet control potentio- meter in pull position) is provided to allow the DC level of the OUTPUT waveforms to be set as desired NOTE: The amount of offset plus the ampliiude setting can't exceed the maximum p-p amplitude or dip- ping will occur ee ae ee = sp = =a, = Table 22 below illustrates the effect of the DC OFFSET control. The clipped waveform is caused by toAMPLITUDE WITH ATT ‘The AMPLITUDE control provides 2048 of sttenua- tion of the output waveform selected by the FUNCTION. ‘switch. When the witch is pulled, in addition to 2008 Provided by amplitude control, a maximum of 40d8 of attenuation, at the output. ourput ‘Square, triangle, sine, ramp and pulio waveforms ore Provided at up to 20V P-P amplitude (open circuit) at the OUTPUT. (When ATT pushbutton switch is pulled), ‘The VCF input and PULSE cutouts, utilize BNC connectors. Vcr INPUT ‘A. VCF (voltage-controlled frequency) input is pro- vided for externally sweeping the frequency. Approxt- mately +10V applied at the VCF input will sweep the (generator frequency down three decades or 1000:1. The (generator may also be swept up in frequency by epplying 1 negative voltage at the VCF input. PULSE OUTPUT ‘The PULSE OUTPUT is a TTL of CMOS output signal suitable for driving TTL or CMOS logic. The rise and {all time of the PULSE output is typically 10ns. The pulse width and repetition rate may be set as desired, utilizing the RANGE and MULTIPLIER and DUTY control. The symmetry of the PULSE output is controlled in the samé manner at the output waveforms described in Table 2-1, CMOS LEVEL CONTROL ‘The CMOS LEVEL CONTROL potentiometer (pull position) provides CMOS LEVEL OUPUT from 5V to 15V continuously variable. PULSE OUTPUT SWITCH Depress the potentiometer switch and observe the ‘TTL and CMOS output push is TTL, pull is CMOS. FREQUENCY COUNTER -20d8 SELECTOR SWITCH Select the frequency counter input sensitivity, push (on Is 200mY ems (-2008). Push off Is 20mV rms (1/1). EXT, INT SELECTOR SWITCH Selector the frequency counter is INT of EXT, push ‘on is EXT, push off is INT. EXT INPUT CONNECTOR For EXT frequency coumtar, BNC type connector. COUNTER DISPLAY LED indicator disolay measured INT or EXT input frequency.He KHe LED Hz, KHz and the position of the decimal point are Indicated when the gate time switch is pressed to the 108ee, 1$ee, 0.18ec, 10mSec. GATE LED Gate signal indicates when the gate time switch, is pushed, OVER LED ‘Lamp which indicates that the counter display value san overflow. NOTE: Before applying power to the Digital FUNCTION GENERATOR, be sure the proper line voltage is available. Plug the power cord into the proper souree of HOV AC 50-60 He. All instruments are wired for 100V AC unless otherwise order made. FIRST TIME OPERATION PROCEDURE ‘Set the digital function generator [Link] follows: RANGE-Hz 10K MULTIPLIER 20 FUNCTION nN DUTY CAL AMPLITUDE MAX OFFSET PUSH ATTENUATOR — O08 MAIN OUTPUT Connect sn oscilloscope to outbut. Obsarve 3 20V P-P 20K He triangle wave. FUNCTION SWITCH ‘Select and observe a 20V P-P square wave and sine wave. AMPLITUDE CONTROL Hotate the AMPLITUDE vernier from maximum to minimum and observe greater then 30dB of attenustion. ATTENUATION Connect the oucilloseope to the OUTPUT and push the ATT pushbutton switch and the signal will be attenuated by a factor of 2008. DC OFFSET Reconnect the oscilloscope to the OUTPUT and select the triangle waveform. Rotate the DC OFFSET ‘control potentiometer (pull position) and observe the peaks ‘of the triangle waveform will “clip when the OC OFFSET plus the peak amplitude exceeds = 10V. Recuce the output amplitude end observe the amount of DC OFFSET may be: increased by the same ‘amount the peak amplitude has been decreased. Return the potentiometer to "PUSH" position and the AMPLITUDE to maximum.DUTY CONTROL While observing the triangle wavatorm on the oscil ‘scope, rotate the DUTY control CW from the GAL pos ton. Observe one slope of the triangle remains constant while the other slope lr variable over typically 2 20:1 range, producing a ramp waveform. INVERT SWITCH Dapress the INVERT potentiometer (pull position) ‘and observe the positive and negative slopes of the ramp ‘waveform reverse (invert), By selecting the Square wave and repeating the same procedure, this model DIGITAL FUNCTION: GENER: ATOR become very versatile pulse generators. ‘The pulse width may be determined by the following for~ mul PULSE WIDTH= the reciprocal of 2 X freq. setting. In other words, the pulve width equals one-half the ‘time period of the frequency set by the RANGE and” NULTIPLIER controls, The time symmetry. of the Sine wave may be set in the same manner, providing additional versatility, NOTE: The DUTY control and INVERT switch provide the same flexibility for the PULSE output. PULSE OUTPUT x Connect the oscilloscope to the PULSE outut ‘Gy adjusting the generator frequency, the DUTY control and the INVERT switch, the high-apeed TTL pulie or CMOS pulse mey be utilized asa very vernatile pulse generar tor, With the INVERT switch in the NORM position, ‘the pulse width “on time” is detormined by the RANGE and MULTIPLIER setting and the repatition rate “otf time" is set by the DUTY control NOTE: When the INVERT switch it sat to INVERT, the pulse “off time'” is determined by the RANGE MULTIPLIER setting and the pulse “on time’ is sot with the DUTY control SECTION 3 THEORY OF OPERATION GENERAL, This section describes the operation of this DIGITAL FUNCTION GENERATOR in detail as woll as a brief description relating to the Block Diagram. (see Section 4). The drawings contained in this Section are included to sid in, the doscription se wall ss to supplement the schematics in Section 4. MAIN GENERATOR ‘ADC Voltage from the MULTIPLIER potentiomoter i connected to the Summing Amplifier U201 and 0201 ‘The output of the Summing Amplifier drives the Positive Current Source 4203, 203 and tho inverter 202, 202. The invert in turn drives the Negative CurrentSource U204 and 0204. Two constant current sources of opposite polarity charge and discharge a timing capacitor producing the triangle waveform figure 3-1. Fig. 31 Triangle Waveform The Positive Current Source charges the timing ceapecitor during the time period To - T causing the voltage ‘on the timing capecitor to increase from To to T linearly. ‘At time T the Diode Switch disconnects the Positive Current Source from the timing capacitor and connects the Negative Current Source at time T;. The voltage on the timing capacitor will naw discharge or decreave lineerly luntit time T; when the Diode Switch will dirconnect the Negative Current Source and connect the Positive Current Source, etc. Rui and Ry, Figure 4-1 are equal in value and dotermine the potitive and negative voltage at the Positive ‘and Negative Currant Source. The DUTY potentiometer varies the voltage and thus the current of the Poiitive or Negative Current Source depending upan the position of the INVERT switch. ‘By varying the current from one current source and rot the other, the timing capacitor will chargs and dis charge at different ratae causing an unaymmetrical triangle waveform (Ramp) Figure 3:2. % Fig. 32 Unsymmetrieal Triangle (Ramp) Waveform, The RANGE switch selects citterent timing resistors and timing capacitors which determine the frequency of the generator. A high input impedance BUFFER A301, USOT. A and & Is necessary to prevent loading of the timing capacitor at small timing currents. The triancle wworeform is connectad to the LEVEL DETECTOR (301, 0,6, 0302 and 0903. The LEVEL DETECTOR switches whan the voltage at its input reoches 1 pre-determined level The output from the LEVEL DETECTOR causes the CURRENT SOURCE Diode Bridge to switch, dieconnecting! one current source and connecting the other. By connecting and disconnecting and currant sources ‘a the proper level of voltage on the timing capacitor the triangle waveform is produced. The square wave from the LEVEL DETECTOR drives another diode switch Producing @ symmetrical squate wave for use at the OUT: PUT AMPLIFIER, ‘A TTL GATE Is also driven by the square wave from the LEVEL DETECTOR. The output of the TTL GATE proviges 3 TTL pulve at the PULSE output con rector. ‘A diode shaping bridge network Uses the log curve ‘of silicon diodes to simulate e sinusoidal curve, Figure 33. + + + Fig 33. Diode Shaping Bridge ‘Sine amplifier U401, boosts the amplitude of the tine wave to the proper level for the OUTPUT AMPLI- FIER. ‘A square, triangle or sine wave may be selected by the FUNCTION switch. The desired wavetorm is con rectad to the AMPLITUDE potentiometer, OUTPUT AMPLIFIER Q501 thru Q506 is » non inverting amplifier ‘which wipplies the necessary output amplitudes of the disired yavetorms ae celocted by the FUNCTION switch and AMPLITUDE control, CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION (Main GENERATOR) POWER SUPPLY The power supply shown in the Block Diagram, figure 4-1, consitts of a full wave unregulated #20V supply anid 8 requated $18.5 supply. NOTE: Unregulated 220V supply: Refer to the schematic lagram fiqures-+, LUne voltaje is applied to transformer T101 through power switch S101. Jumpers. wire provide for line voltages selcted ot NOY, 220V and 240V AC 50-G0H:, NOTE: It it is necetsary to change the wicing on the transformer primary to sccept other line voltages, afer to proper wiring, jumpers and fuse data forditterent ting line vottages that indicated that the printed circuit boerd. D101 is « full wave rectifier which converts the line voltage to approximately #20V DC across filter capac tore C101 t0 C104. U101, 0101, and U102 are dual requlstor supply 215.5V. SVR101 and SVA102 are adjust balances the +15.5V supplies. This small amount of adjustment (approximately +£0.1V) helps adjust the waveform symmetry for minimum sine distortion, SUMMING AMPLIFIER Refer to Figure 4-2 U201 is an operational amplifier. 201 is an emitier follower buffer used in conjunction with the operational amplifier. U201 and 201 are con- nected at 2 summing amplifier with a closed loop gain of 1 {inverting). The MULTIPLIER, (VR201) supplies a negative voltage to the summing amplifier input (pin 2) through ‘summing resistor R204. The riegative vottae of approx- mately -2V to OV is inverted by the summing amplifier and appears a8 +2V to OV at Q201 emitter. The frequency may be swept (adjusted) over a three decade range (1000: 1) by the MULTIPLIER or by applying the proper AC or DC voltage at the VCF input, With the MULTIPLIER set at 20, the voltage at the summing tesistor R204 is approximately 2V. By applying approxi- mately +10V DC ot the VCF input, approximately +2V is applied at summing resistor R202. The -2V from the MULTIPLIER and the +2V at the VCF input add to Provide OV at the summing amplifier output. This will cause the frequency to decrease approximately three de- ‘cades or 1000:1, if it Is desirable to sweep up in frequency, rather than down, set the MULTIPLIER st maximum counterclockwise (epproximately OV at the summing amolifier output). This will set the frequency approxi- mately three decades below the selected frequency RANGE. By applying approximately 10V at the VOF input, the summing amplifier output will be forced to +2V causing the frequency to increase three decades or to the maximum frequency indicated on the selected fre: quency RANGE, By setting the MULTIPLIER at the desired start frequency and applying the proper AC or DC voltage at the VCF input, the frequency may be swept {as desired over a three-decade range, NOTE: The maximum frequency and minimum frequency limits on any selected frequency RANGE are ‘between 002. and 2.0 (1000:1) on the MULTI- PLIER dial 0201 provides @ voltage-to-current conversion for ‘the positive current source. 201 converts. the Voltage at Q201 emitter to a constant current through R214A. Assume DUTY control is in the CAL position. By varying the MULTIPLIER the voltage on R208A varies, causing the current through R214A to vary. The current through R208A and R214A are equal except for a small mount of base current for Q201 and bies current for 202.INVERTER. The INVERTER (U202, 0202) inverts the voltage ‘at the summing amplifier output (G20) emitter) anc appears across R20GA which is equal in value to R20BA. U202 is an operational amplitier connected for a closec- toop gain of ~1 (inverting). The +2V at 201 emitter is Tnverted and becomes'-2V at 202 emitter. 0202 is an ‘emitter follower buffer used in conjunction with the ‘operational amplifier U202. The voltage scross R2008 is equal to the voltage across R208B, therefore: the current ‘through R2148 is equal to the current through R214A {assuming VR202 is in the Cal position). 0202, like 0201, provides a voltage:to-current conversion POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CURRENT SOURCE ‘The positive and negative current sources provide a constant current for charging and discharging the timing ‘eapacitors. U203 and G2G3 form a voltage follower. U203 {s an operational amplifier with very low input bias currents necessary to prevent timing current errors. 0209 is an ‘emitter follower providing the voltageto-current conver. sion for the current source, 'U204 and 204 perform the same function for the regative current source. Equal voltages appear at the cur ‘ent source inputs and outputs dependent upon the MULTIPLIER setting as previously explained. Since the current through AZ14A and R214B are equal the voltage at U203 and U204 inputs is equal and ‘opposite in polarity. The voltage appearing at 0203 and 2204 emitters is alto equal and oppose in polarity ‘The timing current is determined by the voltage acroas the ‘timing resistors (R26 to R219 and A220 to R223), ‘The RANGE pushbutton switches select the prover timing resistors and capacitors according to the frequency ‘ange select. uty $202 INVERT switch and VR202 VAR DUTY control are utilized to obtain pulse and ramp waveforms. When the VAR DUTY control VR202 is in the CAL position. R20BA and R2088 are both connected 10 ground in ether position of the INVERT switeh $202. ‘As long as R208A and A20EB are grounded, the cur rent thus F'208A and R208B is equal as previously © piained. When the INVERT switch is in the NORM position (in), R208A Is grounded directly and 2086 is grounded through VA202. the DUTY control, With VR202 in 1 CAL position, currents through R2t4B, R20BB, R214A and S20aA ae eaual: terafore the voltapes at 0203 and 0204 ‘re equal and opposite in polarity. A triangle waveform is ‘produced across the timing capacitor when the DUTY control is in the CAL position. When VR202 is not set to the CAL position, the resistance from 0202 emitter ‘to ground is variable from 1K ohm to approximately 20K ohms. The voltaye of 0202 emitter remains constant determined by the MULTIPLIER setting This causesto vary over approximately 2.20:1 range; approx. 2mA in the CAL position (1K) and approxi mately ImA in the CW position (20K). Current thru R208 remains constant while curront thus R208B is vai able, The positive current source voltage remains fixed and the ‘nogative current source voltage is variable by the DUTY control. A variable slope ramp waveform is pro: ‘duced in this manner. The slope of the ramp is adjustod 15 desired over approx. a 20:1 cange. When the INVERT syvitch ($202) is set to the INVERT position, the positive current source becomes variable and the negative current fource remains fixed reversing the slopes of the ramp waveform, NOTE: When VR202 is in the CAL position, the position of 8202 has no effect because R208A and 2088 are both grounded in either position of S202, CURRENT SOURCE DIODE SWITCH A diode switch is utilized for connecting and dis connecting the current sources. One output trom the level detector sinks the current trom either the postive or negative curent source, When the input to the switching bree is positive, the level devector sinks: the current from the negative current touree thru diodes D205 snd D208. This positive input signal reverss blanes D201 and D202. The positive cuccent ource now charges the timing capacitor positive. When the voltage on the timing capacitor resches approximately HIV, the level detector switches and the diode bridge ‘input switches negative. This negative voltage at the input to the switching bridge sinks the current from the positive current source thr D201 and D202. This negative voltage reverse biases D206 and 0206. The negative current source now discharges the timing capacitor, When the voltage on the timing capacitor reaches approximately -1V, the level detector switches and the timing capacitor charges positive again, etc. BUFFER 0301 end USO1A and B form the high Input ie pedaneo butter. 0301 is an FET with a very high input impedance. 3018. is used ae currant souree supplying bias current for 0301. Tho ZERO BAL adjust SVR3O1 sett the bias current thru the FET (O30!) to the proper level to obtain d GATE to source voltage equal to the base emitter drop of U301A, The gate to source voltage of the N-channel FET O30} i opposite in polarity to that ‘of the emitter follower U301A. The input to output terror is adjusted to OV jn this manner. The emittor follower output (pin 10) provides the necessary current to drive the fovel detector and associated circuitry. LEVEL DETECTOR ‘The lavel detector sensex the Voltage on the timing capacitor from the butler output and switches the diode switch at the proper level producing the triangle waveform. U301C and D forms a differential amplitier with current source U301E. 0302 and 0303 form a second ditfernti amplifier ‘driven from the input differential amplifier ==U301C and D. Positive feedback i soplied to U301D base thru the reference switching bridge D304 thru 0907. “This positive feedback and high open foop gain provide ‘very fast switching times for the level detector, 0302 collector drives the reference switching bridge providing the positive and negative and negative reference current thru R311. When 302 is on, the collector holds the Input to the reference bridge positive. 0302 sinks the current from the negative supply thru SVAIOO, A313 ‘wid D307, Current thru R341, D904, SVAI02 and R312 certablishes the positive reference voltage of approximately 4.5V at U301D base, 0302 collector is alto connected 10 the currant source twitching bridge at 0201 and 0208 junetion. This positive signal allows the timing capacitor {0 charge in the positive direction as explained in Section 3. (Theory of Operation) The input to the level detector is 2 voltage divider consisting of R304 and R305 +1V at R904 input equals approximately +5V at U301C bate. When the voltage ‘at USOIC bess rises above the reference voltage at U3O1D (+.5V1, the level detector will switch. 0302 will tum off, causing the voltage at the reference bridge (D904 10 0307) and the current source switching bridge (D201 10 D204 and D205 to 0208) to switch negative, This ‘agetive voltage will cuase the reference voltage at. U3010 to switch negative and causa the timing capacitor to begin charging negative (discharge). When the timing capacitor had charged to approximately -1V, the sinal at U3OIC =18= will become more negativen than the reference volt: ‘age at U301D (now approximately ~BV) end the level detector will switch again etc. 0303 collector supplies the square wave signal to drive the Square Diode Switch and the TTL Gare U302, TTL GATE U302 is « Dual 4 Input Positive Naud Gate providing the TTL PULSE OUTPUT. 0320, D321 and D322 provide the necessary level shifting of the square wave at C303 collector for driving the TTL GATE inputs (pin 1 and 9). 20301 is a rener diode providing soproximately a +BV ower supply for the TTL GATE. The outputs of the two rand gates (pin 6 and 8) ate paralled to provide the cape: bility of sinking 20 TTL GATES, Output levels of the TTL GATE are approximately +3V and OV open circuit at typically 1Ons rise and fal time, The PULSE out is ¢ square wave as ong sé the DUTY Control is in the CAL position. A variable pulse width and variable duty cycle pulse are easly set up utilizing the DUTY control and INVERT switch as shown in Section 2 Table 21, : SQUARE WAVE DIODE SWITCH ‘The square wave diode switch D323 to D326 oro- vides 2 clean square wave of approximately 21V amalitude from the +2V signal at (303 collector. The signal from0303 collector is routed thru S501C to the diode switch. ‘The diode switch is activated only when the square wave i talected by S501 the FUNCTION ewitch. The positive signal sinks the current thru D323 R318. The positive portion of the square wave is developed across the ampli tude potentiometer (VRSO1) thru SVR304, 0326 and R317, The negative portion of the square wave is developed ‘aeross VRBO! thru SVR3O$, 0326 and R318, when the square wave at 303 collector reverse polarity SVRI04 Provider a small mount of adjustment for calibration Of the square wave amplitude, SINE SHAPER Three diode bridges are utilized to produce @ sine wave from the triangle waveform. D401, 0402 and D4G2 fare these mutched diode sats of 4 diodes in each set. The triangle wavetorm from the buffer output is connected to these three diode bridges thru RAO1. As the triangle Voltage rises above OV, the current thru R404 increases ‘exponentially in the positive direction thru BOAO1B and R402 white the current thru BD4O1D and AOS is being shunted thru BD401C as the triangle voltage rises ‘toward its positive peak. When the triangle hat reached ts positive peak, the current thru R404 to the +15V supply has reached a maximum. The current now decreases exponentially as the triangle rises toward its negative peak. When the triangle has reached approximately OV, ‘the current thru R404 is nearly zero because an equal ‘current s passing ths BDAO1D and BDAOIB. As the ‘ingle increases in the negative ditection, current increases tru BDAO1D and R404 exponentially, as the triangle rites towaed its negative peak. Current theu RAO2 i¢ naw. being shunted thru BD4O1A ax the tiranole rises toward its negative peak. The current thru R404, RAQT and R410 increase in the positive and negative direction exponentially ‘thru each of the three bridges in the same manner. The current thr each bridge is determined by the resistors in sich bridge. By summing or adding the exponential currents of the three bridges acrots R412, a sine wave is (produced. By proper selection of resistor values in each ‘brdige a low distortion sine wave of typically <5% is produced. SINE AMPLIFIER UdO1 ie an operational amplifier which boosts the small sine wave at R412 to approximately 2V pp. The ‘operational emplifier is connected as an inverting amolitier with @ closed loop gain of approximately6, SVR4OT allows edjustment of the feedback resistor to adjust the ‘sine wave amplitude during calibration, The sine wave is connected to the AMPLITUDE control VR5OT when the sine wave is selected by the FUNCTION switch S507, OUTPUT AMPLIFIER, 420V pp. waveforms are produced by the output amplifier, square wave rise and fall times <120r6 are possible with this amplifiers 200V/usec slew rate. 501 ‘and 0502 is the input differential amplifier. Feedback ~ =for this non-inverting amplifier is thru A507; REO? ond 506 form «voltage divider at C502 (the inverting input) establishing 2 closed loop gain of approximately 10. 0503 fond 504 are two constant current sources driving bias lodes 0507 and 508. R512, RSIS and AGIA is a voltage ‘divider providing the bias voltage for Q503 and 604, FRS11 ants the current for 0506 « fer milliemps less than the currant available at 0503 current source. 0502 supplies ‘current equal to the difference in current between 503 and, Q504 current source, Q505 and 506 form » com plementary output emitter" follower. A positive going fignel st 501 base will cause O50} collector current to increase and 502 collector current to decrease. A decrease in current from 502 cusses excess current from Q503 Current source 10 raise the voltage et O80 and C505 bose Negative feedback from the output emitter followers ‘thru F607 to the base of 0502 maintains an output signal toproximately 10 times the input signal. As the input Signal becomes negative, Q501 collector current decreases and 0502 collector current increases. As 0502 collector Current increases, the current form (503 collector becomes fess than the current from Q504 and the output follows the input negative. Negative feedback maintains the output at approximately 10 times the input signal as previously explained. R519 and R520 provide 5082 output impedance nd short cireuit protection forthe output -2048 OUTPUT -15- S21 wo R22 make up the output attenua switch $502 for the -20d8 output.fans mye m 8 8p‘ZCINCUTTRY ARE SURAT TE CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE FOR FUTHER MMPROVERENT J MENBTANCE VALUES m0Tisanuswea Ww FACTon ZCICUTIRY ARE SUBLECT TO CHANGE WITAIUT NOTICE 50H FUTHER IMPROVEMENT J/RESIBVANCE VALUES me WATT. AND CAPACITANCE WW oF UNLESSFROM 199 FROM 199 PCB J202 PCB Uso FROM 199 PCB Js once 50m sUTH waPROvE HT AMD CAPACITANCE (M7) UNLESS. ‘escRTOMcmeur cacram Po 207 6a 2 6TENMA® TEST INSTRUMENTS 858 E. Congress Pk. Dr. Centerville Oh 45459 513-434-0031