2002 IMO Training Camp

International Mathematical Olympiad Training Camp 2002

1 Let A, B and C be three points on a line with B between A and C. Let Γ1 , Γ2 , Γ3

be semicircles, all on the same side of AC and with AC, AB, BC as diameters,
respectively. Let l be the line perpendicular to AC through B. Let Γ be the
circle which is tangent to the line l, tangent to Γ1 internally, and tangent to
Γ3 externally. Let D be the point of contact of Γ and Γ3 . The diameter of Γ
through D meets l in E. Show that AB = DE.

2 Show that there is a set of 2002 consecutive positive integers containing exactly
150 primes. (You may use the fact that there are 168 primes less than 1000)

3 Let X = {2m 3n |0 ≤ m, n ≤ 9}. How many quadratics are there of the form
ax2 + 2bx + c, with equal roots, and such that a, b, c are distinct elements of X?

4 Let O be the circumcenter and H the orthocenter of an acute triangle ABC.

Show that there exist points D, E, and F on sides BC, CA, and AB respectively
such that
OD + DH = OE + EH = OF + F H
and the lines AD, BE, and CF are concurrent.

5 Let a, b, c be positive reals such that a2 + b2 + c2 = 3abc. Prove that

a b c 9
+ + ≥
b2 c 2 c2 a2 a 2 b2 a+b+c

6 Determine the number of n-tuples of integers (x1 , x2 , · · · , xn ) such that |xi | ≤ 10

for each 1 ≤ i ≤ n and |xi − xj | ≤ 10 for 1 ≤ i, j ≤ n.

7 Given two distinct circles touching each other internally, show how to construct
a triangle with the inner circle as its incircle and the outer circle as its nine
point circle.
P
8 Let σ(n) = d|n d, the sum of positive divisors of an integer n > 0.
(a) Show that σ(mn) = σ(m)σ(n) for positive integers m and n with gcd(m, n) =
1
(b) Find all positive integers n such that σ(n) is a power of 2.

[Link]/community/c4997
Contributors: Sayan, orl, Valentin Vornicu, darij grinberg
 2002 IMO Training Camp

9 On each day of their tour of the West Indies, Sourav and Srinath have either
an apple or an orange for breakfast. Sourav has oranges for the first m days,
apples for the next m days, followed by oranges for the next m days, and so on.
Srinath has oranges for the first n days, apples for the next n days, followed by
oranges for the next n days, and so on.
If gcd(m, n) = 1, and if the tour lasted for mn days, on how many days did
they eat the same kind of fruit?

10 Let T denote the set of all ordered triples (p, q, r) of nonnegative integers. Find
all functions f : T → R satisfying



 0 if pqr = 0,
1 + 1 (f (p + 1, q − 1, r) + f (p − 1, q + 1, r)

f (p, q, r) = 6
+f (p − 1, q, r + 1) + f (p + 1, q, r − 1)


+f (p, q + 1, r − 1) + f (p, q − 1, r + 1))

otherwise

for all nonnegative integers p, q, r.

11 Let ABC be a triangle and P an exterior point in the plane of the triangle.
Suppose the lines AP , BP , CP meet the sides BC, CA, AB (or extensions
thereof) in D, E, F , respectively. Suppose further that the areas of triangles
P BD, P CE, P AF are all equal. Prove that each of these areas is equal to the
area of triangle ABC itself.

12 Let a, b be integers with 0 < a < b. A set {x, y, z} of non-negative integers is

olympic if x < y < z and if {z − y, y − x} = {a, b}. Show that the set of all
non-negative integers is the union of pairwise disjoint olympic sets.

13 Let ABC and P QR be two triangles such that

(a) P is the mid-point of BC and A is the midpoint of QR.

(b) QR bisects ∠BAC and BC bisects ∠QP R

Prove that AB + AC = P Q + P R.

14 Let p be an odd prime and let a be an integer not divisible by p. Show that
there are p2 + 1 triples of integers (x, y, z) with 0 ≤ x, y, z < p and such that
(x + y + z)2 ≡ axyz (mod p)

[Link]/community/c4997
Contributors: Sayan, orl, Valentin Vornicu, darij grinberg
 2002 IMO Training Camp

15 Let x1 , x2 , . . . , xn be arbitrary real numbers. Prove the inequality

x1 x2 xn √
2 + 2 2 + ··· + 2 < n.
1 + x1 1 + x1 + x2 1 + x1 + · · · + x2n

16 Is it possible to find 100 positive integers not exceeding 25, 000, such that all
pairwise sums of them are different?

17 Let n be a positive integer and let (1 + iT )n = f (T ) + ig(T ) where i is the

square root of −1, and f and g are polynomials with real coefficients. Show
that for any real number k the equation f (T ) + kg(T ) = 0 has only real roots.

18 Consider the square grid with A = (0, 0) and C = (n, n) at its diagonal ends.
Paths from A to C are composed of moves one unit to the right or one unit
up. Let Cn (n-th catalan number) be the number of paths from A to C which
stay on or below the diagonal AC. Show that the number of paths from A to
C which cross AC from below at most twice is equal to Cn+2 − 2Cn+1 + Cn

19 Let ABC be an acute triangle. Let DAC, EAB, and F BC be isosceles triangles
exterior to ABC, with DA = DC, EA = EB, and F B = F C, such that

∠ADC = 2∠BAC, ∠BEA = 2∠ABC, ∠CF B = 2∠ACB.

Let D′ be the intersection of lines DB and EF , let E ′ be the intersection

of EC and DF , and let F ′ be the intersection of F A and DE. Find, with
proof, the value of the sum

DB EC FA
′
+ ′
+ .
DD EE FF′

20 Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Prove that

a b c c+a a+b b+c
+ + ≥ + +
b c a c+b a+c b+a

21 Given a prime p, show that there exists a positive integer n such that the
decimal representation of pn has a block of 2002 consecutive zeros.

[Link]/community/c4997
Contributors: Sayan, orl, Valentin Vornicu, darij grinberg