REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
DIVISION OF CABADBARAN CITY
NORTHERN MINDANAO COLLEGES, INC.
Atega Street, Barangay 11 Poblacion, Cabadbaran City
8605 Agusan del Norte, Region XIII
NON-SECTARIAN
1946
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Quarter 1, Week 1
NAME: _________________________________ Grade Level: ______________________________
Section: ________________________________ Date: ____________________________________
LEARNING COMPETENCY (MELC’s) CS_RS11- IVa-c-1
1. Chooses appropriate quantitative research design
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
1. The learner should be able to explain the meaning of quantitative research design.
2. Compare and contrast the types of quantitative research design
3. Classify the types of quantitative research designs
LESSON 1: UNDERSTANDING DATA AND WAYS TO SYSTEMATICALLY COLLECT DATA
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
If the researcher views quantitative design as a continuum, one end of the range represents a design where
the variables are not controlled at all and only observed. Connections amongst variable are only described. At the
other end of the spectrum, however, are designs which include a very close control of variables, and relationships
amongst those variables are clearly established. In the middle, with experiment design moving from one type to the
other is a range which blends those two extremes together.
TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative research is a type of empirical investigation. That means the research focuses on verifiable
observation as opposed to theory or logic. Most often this type of research is expressed in numbers. A researcher will
represent and manipulate certain observations that they are studying. They will attempt to explain what it is they are
seeing and what affect it has on the subject. They will also determine and what the changes may reflect. The overall
goal is to convey numerically what is being seen in the research and to arrive at specific and observable conclusions.
(Klazema 2014)
NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN
Non-experimental research means there is a predictor variable or group of subjects that cannot be
manipulated by the experimenter. Typically, this means that other routes must be used to draw conclusions, such as
correlation, survey or case study. (Kowalczyk 2015)
TYPES OF NON-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
1. Survey Research uses interviews, questionnaires, and sampling polls to get a sense of behavior with
intense precision. It allows researchers to judge behavior and then present the findings in an accurate
way. This is usually expressed in a percentage. Survey research can be conducted around one group
specifically or used to compare several groups. When conducting survey research it is important that the
people questioned are sampled at random. This allows for more accurate findings across a greater
spectrum of respondents.
2. Correlational Research tests for the relationships between two variables. Performing correlational
research is done to establish what the effect of one on the other might be and how that affects the
relationship.
3. Descriptive as stated by Good and Scates as cited by Sevilla (1998), the descriptive method is oftentimes
as a survey or a normative approach to study prevailing conditions.
4. Comparative researchers examine patterns of similarities and differences across a moderate number of
cases. The typical comparative study has anywhere from a handful to fifty or more cases. The number of
cases is limited because one of the concerns of comparative research is to establish familiarity with each
case included in a study. (Ragin, Charles 2015)
5. Ex Post Facto according to Devin Kowalczyk, that Ex post facto design is a quasi-experimental study
examining how an independent variable, present prior to the study, affects a dependent variable.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Though questions may be posed in the other forms of research, experimental research is guided specifically by
a hypothesis. Sometimes experimental research can have several hypotheses. A hypothesis is a statement to be
proven or disproved. Once that statement is made experiments are begun to find out whether the statement is true
or not. This type of research is the bedrock of most sciences, in particular the natural sciences. Quantitative research
can be exciting and highly informative. It can be used to help explain all sorts of phenomena. The best quantitative
research gathers precise empirical data and can be applied to gain a better understanding of several fields of study.
(Williams 2015)
TYPES OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
1. Quasi-experimental Research Design-Involves selecting groups, upon which a variable is tested without any
random pre-selection process. For example, to perform an educational experiment, a class might be arbitrarily
divided by alphabetical selection or by seating arrangement. The division is often convenient especially in an
educational situations cause a little disruption as possible.
2. True Experimental Design-According to Yolanda Williams (2015) that a true experiment is a type of
experimental design and is thought to be the most accurate type of experimental research. This is because a
true experiment supports or refutes a hypothesis using statistical analysis. A true experiment is also thought
to be the only experimental design that can establish cause and effect relationships. So, what makes a true
experiment?
THERE ARE THREE CRITERIA THAT MUST BE MET IN A TRUE EXPERIMENT
1. Control group and experimental group
2. Researcher-manipulated variable
3. Random assignment
ACTIVITY 1: DIRECTIONS: CIRCLE THE LETTER OF THE CORRECT ANSWER. ENCIRCLE THE LETTER OF THE BEST ANSWER
1. Designing a research is thinking
a. Critically c. literally
b. Skillfully d. imaginatively
2. To design a research is seeing the research process in your
a. Paper c. library
b. Mind d. book
3. Preparing in your mind how to find answer to your research questions is.
a. Deciding on your research topic c. designing your research
b. Controlling your emotions d. asking for research questions
4. These are aspects of your research: research objectives, topic, questions, hypothesis, and methodology. You
come to think of quantitative research design.
a. Before finalizing your mind on these aspects of your research
b. After thinking of these aspects of your research
c. As you formulates hypothesis about these parts
d. As you ponder on your research problem
5. Central to experimental design is analyzing relationships that are.
a. Specific c. hypothetical
b. Causal d. stable
6. A quantitative research design that is equated with qualitative design is.
a. True experimental c. non-experimental
b. Semi-experimental d. quasi-experimental
7. Quantitative research designs are true for all experimental designs expect as aspects on.
a. Subject selection c. treatment application
b. Variable relationships d. variable control
8. A quantitative research design that makes you behave as a scientist is.
a. Survey research c. quantitative
b. Case study d. theoretical
9. An empirical study is based on research design that is.
a. Qualitative c. quantitative
b. Hypothetical d. theoretical
10. These two are the leading indicators of the occurrence of true experimental design.
a. Pre-test and post-test c. treatment and condition
b. Randomization and variable control d. experimental and control group
ACTIVITY 2: DIRECTIONS: ANSWER EACH QUESTION INTELLIGENTLY AND CONCISELY
1. What should you be thinking of before designing your research?
2. How do you know that one is applying a quantitative research design?
3. Supposing you can not apply a true experimental design but you still want to follow a quantitative research
design, what research can you do? Give reasons for answer.
4. What do you mean by experimental and control group?
***
REFERENCES:
Books
Samsudin N. Abdullah, Ph.D., Practical Research 1 (Qualitative Research)
Baraceros, E. L. (2015). Practical Research 1. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore
Sumido, A. G. (2015). Qualitative Research Powerpoint Presentation during the Mass Training of
Senior High School Teachers, DepEd – Region XII, Carpenter Hill, Koronadal City
Zulueta, F. M. & Costales, Jr., N. B. (2005). Methods of Research: Thesis Writing & Applied
Statistics, Mandaluyong City: National Book Store
Prepared by:
MS. RICA GARCES
Subject Teacher
Submitted to: Checked by: Noted by:
MRS. HERMIE LIZA D. SASIS MRS. ABEGAIL R. BAROQUILLO DR. PAZ FIGURITA M. OJEDA
Basic Education Assistant Principal Basic Education Principal Director of Academic Affair