INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
MODULE 2
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - RESEARCH
AREAS
Mr. Paul B. Bokingkito Jr.
Instructor
Artificial Intelligence - Research Areas
The domain of artificial intelligence is huge in breadth and width. While
proceeding, we consider the broadly common and prospering research areas in the
domain of AI −
Lesson 1 Speech and Voice Recognition
These both terms are common in robotics, expert systems and natural language
processing. Though these terms are used interchangeably, their objectives are different.
Speech Recognition Voice Recognition
The speech recognition aims at understanding The objective of voice recognition is to
and comprehending WHAT was spoken. recognize WHO is speaking.
It is used in hand-free computing, map, or It is used to identify a person by
menu navigation. analyzing its tone, voice pitch, and
accent, etc.
Machine does not need training for Speech This recognition system needs training as
Recognition as it is not speaker dependent. it is person oriented.
Speaker independent Speech Recognition Speaker dependent Speech
systems are difficult to develop. Recognition systems are comparatively
easy to develop.
Working of Speech and Voice Recognition Systems
The user input spoken at a microphone goes to sound card of the system. The converter
turns the analog signal into equivalent digital signal for the speech processing. The
database is used to compare the sound patterns to recognize the words. Finally, a
reverse feedback is given to the database.
This source-language text becomes input to the Translation Engine, which converts it to
the target language text. They are supported with interactive GUI, large database of
vocabulary, etc.
Lesson 2 Real Life Applications of Research Areas
There is a large array of applications where AI is serving common people in their day-to-
day lives −
No. Research Areas Real Life Application
1
Expert Systems
Examples − Flight-tracking systems, Clinical systems.
2
Natural Language Processing
Examples: Google Now feature, speech recognition,
Automatic voice output.
3
Neural Networks
Examples − Pattern recognition systems such as face
recognition, character recognition, handwriting
recognition.
4
Robotics
Examples − Industrial robots for moving, spraying,
painting, precision checking, drilling, cleaning, coating,
carving, etc.
5
Fuzzy Logic Systems
Examples − Consumer electronics, automobiles, etc.
Lesson 3 Task Classification of AI
The domain of AI is classified into Formal tasks, Mundane tasks, and Expert tasks.
Task Domains of Artificial Intelligence
Mundane (Ordinary) Tasks Formal Tasks Expert Tasks
Perception • Mathematics • Engineering
• Geometry • Fault Finding
• Computer Vision
• Logic • Manufacturing
• Speech, Voice
• Integration and • Monitoring
Differentiation
Natural Language Games Scientific Analysis
Processing
• Go
• Understanding • Chess (Deep Blue)
• Language • Ckeckers
Generation
• Language Translation
Common Sense Verification Financial Analysis
Reasoning Theorem Proving Medical Diagnosis
Planing Creativity
Robotics
• Locomotive
Humans learn mundane (ordinary) tasks since their birth. They learn by
perception, speaking, using language, and locomotives. They learn Formal Tasks and
Expert Tasks later, in that order.
For humans, the mundane tasks are easiest to learn. The same was considered
true before trying to implement mundane tasks in machines. Earlier, all work of AI was
concentrated in the mundane task domain.
Later, it turned out that the machine requires more knowledge, complex
knowledge representation, and complicated algorithms for handling mundane tasks.
This is the reason why AI work is more prospering in the Expert Tasks domain now, as the
expert task domain needs expert knowledge without common sense, which can be
easier to represent and handle.
Learning Activity
1. Identify the research areas of the following.
a. Handwriting recognition
b. Birds Identification system
c. Weather forecasting
d. Roomba Vacuum
e. Microwave oven temperature
f. Voice recognition
g. Biometric recognition
h. Flight-tracking systems
2. Identify whether SPEECH or VOICE recognition
a. Needs training as it is person oriented.
b. It is used to identify a person by analyzing its voice pitch.
c. Does not need training.
d. It is used in menu navigation.
e. To recognize WHO is speaking.
f. Comprehending WHAT was spoken.
3. Write an essay about the illustration below. One paragraph only. (100 – 250
words only)
