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Essential Math Operations Explained

1. The document provides explanations and examples of how to perform various mathematical operations and calculations, including: - Addition and subtraction using fingers or mentally/on paper - Multiplication and division using repeated addition/subtraction - Exponents using repeated multiplication - Logarithms using repeated division - Trigonometric functions using relationships between sides of triangles 2. It discusses the importance of these concepts from elementary school through college levels of mathematics. Key operations and functions covered include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponents, logarithms, and trigonometric functions. 3. Examples are provided for calculating problems involving each concept, such as using repeated addition to calculate exponents or repeated division to solve logarithms

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Wyatt Johnson
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21 views3 pages

Essential Math Operations Explained

1. The document provides explanations and examples of how to perform various mathematical operations and calculations, including: - Addition and subtraction using fingers or mentally/on paper - Multiplication and division using repeated addition/subtraction - Exponents using repeated multiplication - Logarithms using repeated division - Trigonometric functions using relationships between sides of triangles 2. It discusses the importance of these concepts from elementary school through college levels of mathematics. Key operations and functions covered include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponents, logarithms, and trigonometric functions. 3. Examples are provided for calculating problems involving each concept, such as using repeated addition to calculate exponents or repeated division to solve logarithms

Uploaded by

Wyatt Johnson
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Expressions.

Wyatt Johnson
November 2020

1 1st and 2nd Grade


Adding and Subtracting are essential to every mathematical problem, from
counting, to multiplication and division, to AP Classes, to Calculus, to math
equations the average person couldn’t even dream of solving. The average layout
for these problems is x ± y

Ways to Add and Subtract:


With your fingers:
To use your fingers, you would put x fingers up, then either put up y fingers or
put down y fingers. Although, when you get into bigger equations like 30/pm20,
Using your fingers is only a hassle on what you can get done with your second
option.
In your head or On Paper:
As we said, The layout for most Addition/Subtraction Problems is x ± y.
Now, That is why, using your knowledge of numbers, you can add and subtract
in your head or on paper. You take your x and then count up or down in your
head or written down on paper depending on the operation, y times, similarly
to the first option.

2 3rd and 4th Grade


Multiplication and Division are essential knowledge to have when doing math.
Many equations have multiplication or division in them when you head into
higher grades. The average layout is x ∗ y for multiplication, or x ÷ y, although
the symbol used can vary.

Ways to Multiply and Divide:


Repeated Addition/Subtraction:
Multiplication is repeated Addition. That means that x + x + x + x y times
equals z. So basically, if x = 4, y = 5, then 4 ∗ 5 = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4, which means

1
that z = 20. Division, is the opposite of that, Basically, you start with z and x
and are trying to find y. So say z = 40 and x = 5. You would have to figure out
how many times x needs to be added to itself to equal z, so you would subtract
instead of add x from z and count how many x’s there are when you get to 0.

3 5th and 6th Grade


Exponents are found in many advance math problems. Although they are used
a lot between professionals, they are less complex than most people think they
are.

Ways to Calculate Exponents:


Repeated Multiplication/Addition:
Exponents are just repeated multiplication, so xy = x ∗ x ∗ x y times. Conve-
niently, Multiplication is repeated addition, so say we were calculating 34 , you
could write the following equation: 34 = 3 ∗ 3 ∗ 3 ∗ 3 = (3 + 3 + 3) ∗ (3 + 3 + 3) =
9 ∗ 9 = 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 + 9 = 81.

4 9th Grade through Early College


Logarithms are rare to see in everyday math, but are incredibly important in
the few branches that do use them. Logarithms are overall fun to calculate and
are way over-complicated by some people.

Ways to Calculate Logarithms:


Repeated Division:
Logarithms are just repeated division, so logx (z) = z ÷ x ÷ x until the total
reaches 1. The amount of x’s is the answer, y. So say we were calculating
log3 (81), you could write the following equation: log3 (81) = 81 ÷ 3 ÷ 3 ÷ 3 ÷ 3 =
1 = 4 divisions of 3, so log3 (81) = 4.

5 Mid College
Trigonometry is almost everywhere in the world, and it’s existence is why so
many edges and angles are in the world around us. There are 6 trigonometric
functions for triangles, which is what trigonometry is based on. There is sine,
or sin(), cosine, or cos(), tangent, or tan(), cotangent, or cot(), secant, or sec(),
and cosecant, or csc(). First, we will talk about how to calculate them, and
them we will talk about their relationship to each other.

Ways to Calculate the Trigonometric Functions:

2
Looking at the sides of triangles: Below, you will see a list of the 6 trigono-
metric functions and how to calculate them. When we refer to the side of the
triangle, we mean it’s length.
opposite
sin(θ) = hypotenuse
adjacent
cos(θ) = hypotenuse
opposite
tan(θ) = adjacent
hypotenuse
cot(θ) = opposite
hypotenuse
sec(θ) = adjacent
adjacent
csc(θ) = opposite

Their Relationships to Each Other:


Reciprocal Relationships:
1 1
sin(θ) = csc(θ) and csc(θ) = sin(θ)
1 1
cos(θ) = sec(θ) and sec(θ) = cos(θ)
1 1
tan(θ) = cot(θ) and cot(θ) = tan(θ)

Other Relationships:
sin(θ)
tan(θ) = sin(θ) , sin(θ) = tan(θ) sin(θ)
cos(θ) , and cos(θ) = tan(θ)
p p
sec(θ) = ± tan2 (θ) + 1 and tan(θ) = sec2 (θ) − 1
sin(θ) = cos(90 − θ) and cos(θ) = sin(90 − θ)
Although, There are still some relationships missing as I myself haven’t found
them yet, You should be able to solve many more math problems now.

I hope you enjoyed my paper as much as I did writing it! With sincerity,
Wyatt Johnson

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