CHAPTER 1: APPLICATION HALAL AND
HARAM IN ISLAM
Introduction
•Schools of law in islam play the role of sorting and verification of
thousands of traditions which took place in the latter part of the third
islamic century.
•Within this period, six collections were canonized by the
sunnimuslims. An outstanding canon was the sahih of al –Bukhari,
who spent sixteen years visiting muslim enclaves to collect over
600,000 hadiths and only 4000 in kitab al –Jami’ al –Sahih.
•The mazahib or judicial religious rite were given duty to reduce the
sunnah to practical use.
•While ijtihad kept islam abreast of social and political upheavals,
mazahib guided the faithful in the fulfilment of religious obligations.
•It was only in the third muslim century that islamic jurisprudence
was categorized into four mazahib.
•Each mazahib incorporated the norms prevalent the geographical
region where the mazhab had predominant followers.
•The four mazahib are in agreement on all issues that are relevant to
islam as a socio-religious force.
•The authority, finality and sufficiency of the quran and hadith as the
ultimate law for islam are accepted by four schools of islamic
jurisprudence.
Imam al-Syafie
•Imam al-Shafi’ee, also known as 'Shaykh al Islam', is one of the four
great imams of sunni schools of law.
•He is also the author of several prominent works in the field.
•He has been titled ‘nasir al-hadith’ which means “defender of
hadith”.
His Name, Background and Family
•Imam’s full name is Abu Abdullah Muhammad bin Idris ibn al-
Abbas ibn Uthman ibn Syafie ibn Saibbin Ubaid ibn Abdul Yazid ibn
Hasyim ibn al-Muttalib[grandfather of the prophet (s.a.w.)] bin Abd
Manafbin Qusay.
•He is the only Imam who is related to prophet Mohammad (s.a.w.) as
he belonged to Qurayshitribe of Banu Muttalib, which was the sister
tribe of the Banu Hashim [tribe of prophet Mohammad (s.a.w.)].
Background of Education
•Imam al –Syafie was marked by poverty during his early education.
his mother could not afford to pay the fees for his education.
•Consequently, instead of participating in the classes, the young imam
would just sit on the side lines and learn by listening from the
teachers.
•He became so adept at learning and storing knowledge even though
just by listening, that on occasions when his teacher was unable to
take a class, he the young imam would step in and take the class,
teaching his fellow students.
•His teacher was so impressed by his abilities, so that he took him on
as a formal student on a complimentary non fees basis.
Imam al-Syafie and Imam Maliki
•At the age of fifteen or eighteen, his teacher gave al-Shafi’ee
permission to issue judicial decisions (fatwas). while still studying in
Makkah, al-Shafi'ee heard of the renowned scholar of Madinah, Imam
Maalik ibn Anas.
•He wanted to become a student of Imam maalik yet he saw with his
sharp intellect that he should not go to him unprepared. he memorized
imam malik's famous book "al Muwatta" in only nine days.
•After that he went off to see Imam Maalik in his house in Madinah.
al-Shafi'ee spoke eloquently and politely with the imam and told him
that he wished to become his student. the imam looked at the boy for
a long time as the boy was telling his story of how he sought
knowledge so far. the imam had an astonishing physiognomy and a
penetrating insight; he told him:
•"My son! by the will of Allah, you will have a great future. tomorrow
come to me and bring with you someone who could read the
‘Muwatta' well as I fear you would not be able to read it by yourself."
Teachers of Imam al-Shafie
•1. MUSLIM BIN KHALID AL-ZANGI(IN MAKKAH)
2. SUFYAANBIN UYAINAHAL-HILAALI(IN MAKKAH)
•3. IBRAHIM BIN YAHYA (IN MADINAH)
•4. IMAM MAALIKBIN ANAS (IN MADINAH)
•5. WAKEEBIN AL-JARRAAHBIN MALEEHAL-KOFI (IN
KUFA)
•6. MUHAMMAD BIN HASAN AL-SHAIBAANI(IN BASRAH)
•7. HAMMAADBIN USAMA AL-HAASHIMIAL-KOFI (IN KUFA)
•8. ABDUL-WAHHABBIN ABDUL-MAJEED AL-BUSRI(IN
BASRAH)
Imam al-Syafie Books Writing
•1. KITAB AL-UMM •2. AL-RISALAH
•3. IKHTILAFAL-HADITH •4. AL-IMLA
•5. IKHTILAFAL-IRAQIYANI •6. JIMA AL-ILM
•7. IKHTILAFMALIK WAAL-SHAFI’EE •8. KITAB AL-HUJJAH
•Al-Shafi’i introduced drastic remedies in the ninth century a.d to
resolve the conflict permanently.
•Al-Shafi’i admitted that the substantive legal material in the Quran
was inadequate, but insisted that the Quran actually indicated the
procedure to supplement and interprete difficult legal problems.
•To that extent, al-shafi’i made the traditions of the prophet the
second authentic source of Islamic law after the Quran.
•Al-Shafi’i unified Islamic law and made it a coherent principle to be
followed by all schools.
•From that time henceforth all the schools of law in Islam recognized
sunnah, which consisted of the practice the prophet followed and its
precedents.
Basic Constructed Hukm by Imam al-Syafie
Al-Ihtiyat
Zahir Nas
Imam al-Hanafi
•Better known as ‘Imam-al-Azam' (the greatest imam), or by his
Kunyah'abu Hanifah’,
•Nu'man ibn Thabit was born in the city of Kufa (modern day Iraq) in
the year 80 a.h (689 a.d).
•Born into a family of tradesmen, the Imam's family were of Persian
origin as well as descending from the noble Prophets (saw)
companion Salman al Farsi (ra).
•Imam Abu Hanifah’s father Thabit had met in Kufa, Imam Ali ibn
Abi Talib (ra) who made dua for him and his progeny, and some say
that Abu Hanifah was a result of this dua.
Education Background of Imam Abu Hanifah
•Imam Abu Hanifah acquired knowledge from over four thousand
people.
•His teachers included many prestigious men of the time whose sanad
went back to a number of companions (ra).
•He himself was blessed with the meeting of the companions: Anas
ibn Malik, Abdullah ibn Afwa and Sahl ibn Sa'ad (ra), thus gaining
him the rank of being a tabi'i (successor to the companions).
•Kufa at the time of the Imams birth was a great centre of knowledge
and learning, with many of the noble Prophets (saw) companions (ra)
having taken residence there.
•Due to the presence of these venerable people who had engendered
so much interest in hadith and riwayat that practically every house in
Kufa had become a centre of these disciples and their disciplines.
•Kufa at the time of the Imams birth was a great centre of knowledge
and learning, with many of the noble prophets (SAW) companions
(RA) having taken residence there.
•Due to the presence of these venerable people who had engendered
so much interest in Hadith and Riwayat that practically every house in
kufa had become a centre of these disciples and their disciplines.
•18RE OF THESE DISCIPLES AND