EXPERIMENT 7
Eldrin Jae T. Ibe
Group 5
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
Experiment 7 Three Phase Circuits
Objective
• To know what is a Balanced Three Phase Circuit To be able to
differentiate
• Balanced Wye-Wye Connection
• Balanced Wye-Delta Connection
• Balanced Delta-Wye Connection
• Balanced Delta-Delta Connection
• To be able to solve for phase currents and line currents
Introduction
An electric power distribution system looks like:
Where the power transmission uses “balanced three-phase”
configuration.
Why Three-Phase?
Three-phase generators can be driven by constant force or torque
Industrial applications, such as high-power motors, welding equipment,
have constant power output if they are three-phase systems.
Balanced Three-Phase Voltages
Three sinusoidal voltages of the same amplitude, frequency, but
differing by 120 phase difference with one another. There are two
possible sequences:
1. abc (positive) sequence: vb ( t) lags va ( t) by 120 .
2. acb (negative) sequence: vb ( t) leads va ( t) by 120 .
3. vb (t) lags va (t) by 120 or T/3.
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
Balanced phase voltages are equal in magnitude and are out of
phase with each other by 120°.
Balanced Load
A balanced load is one in which the phase impedances are equal in
magnitude and in phase.
Three-Phase Systems
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
• Y-Y connection (i.e., Y-connected source with a Y-connected load) • Y-∆
connection • ∆-∆ connection • ∆-Y connection
Balanced Wye-Wye Connection
A balanced Y-Y system is a three-phase system with a balanced
Yconnected source and a balanced Y-connected load.
Balanced Wye-Delta Connection
A balanced Y- system consists of a balanced Y-connected source
feeding a balanced -connected load.
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
Balanced Delta-Delta Connection
A balanced system is one in which both the balanced source and
balanced load are -connected.
Balanced Delta-Wye Connection
A balanced -Y system consists of a balanced -connected source
feeding a balanced Y-connected load.
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
Methodology
1. Draw the circuit in your simulator.
Ia Iab
Ica
Ib
Ibc
Ic
2. Edit the voltage Vab by doing right-click and modify according
to below
3. Follow the format for Vbc and Vca. For Vbc, the phase angel
phi=-120 deg, and Vca=120 deg.
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
4. From the menu bar, choose Simulate>>Run
5. Use transient analysis and use 120ms since the sources use 60Hz.
6. You will see this dialog box so there should be very minimal
series resistance placed per voltage source. Very small
resistance is used so readings will not be changed that much as
to when there is no resistance.
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
7. Use 0.001 as the series resistance as you click each voltage
source.
8. The schematic diagram should look like this:
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
9. Run the simulation again.
10. Check the current waveform for Rab/Lab, Rbc/Lbc and Rca/Lca. The
three currents should be equal in magnitude but having different
phase but equally spaced.
To get the phase angle, measure the difference of two waveforms
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
Let the difference be td as measured, tp is the whole period 120ms.
𝒕𝒅
𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒅𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒔 𝟑𝟔𝟎°
𝒕𝒑
11. In order to solve for the current, we should know first the
impedance Z.
Given:
R=25 ohms
L=10mH
Z= R+jX
12. The phase currents are computed as below:
𝑽𝒂𝒃
𝑰𝒂𝒃 =
𝒁
𝑰𝒃𝒄 = 𝑰𝒂𝒃 − 𝟏𝟐𝟎°
𝑰𝒄𝒂 = 𝑰𝒂𝒃 + 𝟏𝟐𝟎°
13. For a delta load, the line current always lags the corresponding
phase current by 30° and has a magnitude times that of the
phase current.
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
𝑰𝒂 𝑰𝒂𝒃 𝟑𝟎° 𝑰
𝑰𝒂 𝟏𝟐𝟎°
𝑰 𝑰𝒂 𝟏𝟐𝟎°
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
RESISTORS CURRENT
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
INDUCTOR CURRENT
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
PREMILINARY DATASHEET
1. What is the impedance, Z?
The impedance will be 𝑍 = 25 + 𝑗 3.77 Ω
2. Express the voltages Vab, Vbc and Vca in polar form
We get:
𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 330∠0° 𝑉,
𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 330∠ − 120° 𝑉
𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 330∠120° 𝑉
3. Solve for the currents Iab, Ibc, Ica in polar form.
We get:
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 13.20∠ − 8.58°
𝐼𝑏𝑐 = 13.20∠ − 128.58°
𝐼𝑐𝑎 = 13.20∠111.42°
4. In the current waveform, what is the magnitude of currents Iab, Ibc, Ica? Does values match with
those solved in question 3? Support answer with your waveform.
We get:
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 13.04
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 13.05
𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 13.04
As shown in the graph the values simulated and computed currents are almost similar. There is just
a small difference in their decimal values.
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
5. Solve for line currents Ia, Ib and Ic. Observe the magnitude is times the phase current
and lags the current by 30°.
We get:
𝐼𝑎 = 22.86∠ − 38.58°
𝐼𝑏 = 22.86∠ − 158.58°
𝐼𝑐 = 22.86∠81.42°
6. Based from the circuit diagram, what is the connection demonstrated?
a. Balanced Wye-Wye Connection
b. Balanced Wye-Delta Connection
c. Balanced Delta-Wye Connection
d. Balanced Delta-Delta Connection
The connection demonstration is letter D. balanced delta-delta connection
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
Sample Computations
Impedance Z
Rab=25 Ω
Lab=100 mH
f =60 Hz
Z ab=Rab +2 πf Lab j
Z ab=25+2 π ( 60 ) ( 100 m ) j=25+1.2 πj Ω=25+ 3.77 πj Ω
Impedance Z in polar form
|Z ab|=√ 252 +1.2 π 2 =25.28 Ω
1.2 π
θab =tan −1 =8.58 °
25
Z ab=25.28 Ω∠ 8. 58 °
Current I AB
V ab
I ab=
Z ab
33 0 ∠ 0 °
I ab=
25.28 Ω∠8. 58 °
33 0
I ab= ∠ 0−8.58 ° Ω=13.05 ∠−8.58 ° A
25.28
Line Current I AB
Z AB =13.05 ∠−8. 58° A
I A=|I A| √ 3 ∠(θ ¿¿ ab−30°) ¿
I A=13.05 √ 3 ∠(−8. 58−30° )=22.61 ∠−38.58 ° A
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
Interpretation of Results
By using the nodal analysis, the sum of all line currents is equal to zero
It is a sinusoidal voltage with the same amplitude, frequency and the simulation produce similar
waveforms for the voltages and currents but vary by 120° phase difference with one another
The line current are all equal to the product of the phase current magnitude and √3 .
The line current is always lagging the corresponding phase current by 30 degrees and by the
multiplication times the square root of 3 for the delta load.
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
Conclusion
The experiment was successful because we balanced out the three phase circuit
The three phase system’s line currents add up to zero or it is in neutral power because neutral
power is zero.
The experiment involves the principles and relationship between the line voltages and phasor
voltage and currents in the circuit and by performing the experiment we got our resistive load
balance and equal.
The line current is always lagging the corresponding phase current by 30 degrees and by the
multiplication times the square root of 3 for the delta load.
MBMARTIN THREE PHASE CIRCUITS EXPERIMENT 7
