Solutions gas turbine theory - MTF171
Exam. 2003-06-03
Problem 1:
Assume polytropic efficiencies of 88% on compressor and turbine. Since the turbine operates uncooled
a realistic value on a conventionally cast turbine is 1200 K.
ISA standard => t1 = 288.15, p1 = 101.325 kPa. Compressor exit station:
1 1
T2 P c ,
2
T1 P1
t2 = 566.01, p2 = 810.6 kPa
p
P03 P02 1 b
p02
pb
2 3% (industrial gas turbine)
p02
Assume a pressure loss value of 3%, which gives p3 = 786.3 kPa, t3 = 1200 K. The turbine exit station
obtained from:
1
t ,
T03 P03
P
T04 04
t4 = 764.8 K, p4 = p1= ambient pressure. The power output is
wt wtc 217.5 kW
Power requirement per engine is 17.90 MW which gives a required mass flow per engine of about
m = 82.28 kg/s.
Problem 2:
m T03 m T01 P01 P02 T03
P03 P01 P02 P03 T01
Interpolation in compressor map at the n=150*0.922=138.9 rps rotational speed line, and calculating
the corrected compressor mass flow gives (pressure in bars):
m m*sqrt(T01)/P01 rc etac
64.5000 1080.6 4.4750 0.8125
70.4250 1179.8 4.0800 0.8462
75.6000 1266.5 3.2900 0.8000
The x-function can be used to determine the corrected turbine massflow (pressure in bars and M=1):
( 1)
m RT0 1 2 2( 1)
M 1 M ( , M )
P0 A 2
which directly yields the turbine inlet temperature at the three selected off-design points.
m*sqrt(T03)/P03 t03 (K)
516.56 1318.7
516.56 919.5
516.56 518.8
The power output from the load turbine is then determined by (neglecting mechanical efficiency):
W m c pg T03 T04 c pa T02 T01
where the temperature drops are obtained from:
1
t ,
T03 P03
P
T04 04
using the relation:
P03 P02 P03 P
Neglect pressure loss 02
P04 P01 P02 P01
and
1
T01 P02
T02 T01 1
c P01
the powers and temperature drops are:
tdeltc tdeltt power (MW) 2*power (MW)
189.5258 366.5463 14.856 29.712
168.3531 242.1127 7.659 15.318
145.9854 118.3135 negative negative
Inserting the result in the propeller map (double the gas turbine powers) shows that the first point is
very close to the propeller power at that speed. Thus the match point is approximately that of the first
selected point which is close to surge. This is in agreement with the experiences of the russians. A
bleed valve in the rear stages, variable geometry or modifications to the turbine area (increasing), may
be used to overcome this difficulty. The engine is likely to have been started with any or all of these
relieving schemes. The problem would most likely be solved if these schemes were used also at such
high rotational speed. This would, however, reduce the performance of the engine.
Problem 3:
Cooling reduces efficiency but increases specific power output.
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To maximize the output power one should minimize the power requirement by the compressors.
wc c p T2 T1 c p T4 T3 c p T2 T1 c p T4 T1
wc T T
2 1 4 1
c p T1 T1 T1
t4 is obtained from the isentropic relations
1
T2 P2 1
rc1
T1 P1
1
T4 P4 1
rc2
T3 P3
1
1 rc c
rc rc1rc2 rc2
which gives (T3=T1)
Differentiate with respect to beta
wc c
1 1 1- c 0
c pT1 2
c rc1 rc2 rc