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What are the Main Parts of an SUBSCRIBE

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Automobile Engine? FeedBurner
An internal combustion engine is an engine in which
combustion (burning of fuel) takes place inside the cylinder
of the engine. By burning of the fuel high temperature and
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pressure force generates. This pressure force used to move Automobile

the vehicle or rotate wheels by use of some mechanism. Engineering
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In an engine many parts work together and achieve the goal CAD Design
of converting the chemical energy of fuel into mechanical Software (109)

energy. These parts are bolted together and the Career in

combination of all these parts is known as an engine. Today Mechanical
(49)
I am going to tell you about these parts and how they work
Exam – GATE
so you can know the basics of automobile engines.
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Fabrication
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Parts Of IC engine Machine Shop
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 Manufacturing
1. Cylinder Block:-
Technology
It is a container fitted with a piston, where the fuel is
(144)
burnt and power is produced.
Material
Cylinder is the main body of the IC engine. Cylinder is
Science (41)
a part in which the intake of fuel, compression of fuel
and burning of fuel take place. The main function of Mechanical

the cylinder is to guide the piston. Projects

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For cooling of the cylinder a water jacket (for liquid
Mechanical
cooling used in most cars) or fin (for air cooling used
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in most of the bikes) is situated at the outer side of
the cylinder. Mechatronics
(36)
At the upper end of the cylinder, the cylinder head and
at the bottom end crankcase is bolted. Metrology and
Instrumentation
Material: Ductile (Nodular) Cast Iron,30C8 (Low
(61)
Carbon Steel)
Power
Manufacturing method: Casting, Forging and after Engineering
that heat transfer, Machining (38)

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Cylinder Block

[Link] Head/Cylinder Cover:-

 One end of the cylinder is closed utilizing a cylinder
head. This consists of an inlet valve for admitting air-
fuel mixture and exhaust valve for removing the
products of combustion.

The inlet valve, exhaust valve, spark plug, injector, etc.

are bolted on the cylinder head. The main function of
the cylinder head is to seal the cylinder block and not
to permit entry and exit of gases on the cover head
valve engine.

Function: It provides the housing for exhaust and

intake valves, threaded holes for the spark plugs or
fuel injector and necessary linkages, passage for
cooling jackets and passages for the fuel and air
mixture.

Material: Aluminium alloys

Manufacturing  Method: Casting, Pressure Die

Casting, forming.

Cylinder Cover

3. Piston:-
Piston is used to reciprocate inside the cylinder.
 It transmits the energy to the crankshaft through the
connecting rod.

Material: Aluminum Alloy 4652 because of its Low

Specific Gravity.

Manufacturing Method: Casting

Piston

4. Piston Rings:- 

These are used to maintain a pressure-tight seal

between the piston and cylinder walls and also it
transfers the heat from the piston head to cylinder
walls.

These rings are fitted in grooves that have been cut in

the piston. They are split at one end so they can
expand or slipped over the end of the piston.

Function of Piston rings:

1. To provide a pressure seal to prevent blow-by of
burnt gases.
2. To form the main path for conduction of heat from
the piston crown to the cylinder walls.
 Function of Compression Ring:
To control the flow of oil to the skirt and rings
themselves in adequate quantity while preventing an
excessive amount reaching the combustion chamber
with consequent waste and carbonization.

Material: cast iron of fine grain and high elastic

material

Manufacturing Method: Pot casting method

Piston rings

5. Connecting Rod:- 

One end of the connecting rod is connected to the

piston through a piston pin while the other is
connected to crank through a crank pin.

It transmits the reciprocatory motion of the piston to

the rotary crank.

There are two ends of connecting rod one is known as

the big end and other as small end. The big end is
connected to the crankshaft and the small end is
connected to the piston by use of piston pin.

Function :
1) It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston
 into rotary motion of crankshaft.
2) It connects piston to the crankshaft.

Material: Low Carbon steel 30C8 

Manufacturing Methods: Forging and after that heat

treatment.

Connecting Rod

6. Crank:- 

It is a lever between connecting rod and crankshaft.

7. Crank Shaft:- 
The function of the crankshaft is to transform
reciprocating motion into a rotary motion.

The crankshaft of an internal combustion engine

receives the efforts or thrust supplied by the piston to
the connecting rod and converts the reciprocating
motion of the piston into rotary motion of the
crankshaft.

The crankshaft mounts in bearing so it can rotate

freely.
 The shape and size of crankshaft depends on the
number and arrangement of cylinders.

Functions: 1. It converts the reciprocating motion

to the rotating motion.
2. It transmits Power to the Flywheel.
3. It receives Power from flywheel.

Material:37C15 Alloy Steel.

Manufacturing Method: Forging

Crank Shaft

8. Flywheel:- 

The flywheel is a rotating mass used as an energy

storing device.

A flywheel is secured on the crankshaft. The main

function of the flywheel is to rotate the shaft during
the preparatory stroke. It also makes crankshaft
rotation more uniform.

Function : 1. Flywheel absorbs energy during power

stroke and supplies it during remaining strokes.
2. Flywheel keeps the crankshaft rotating at the
uniform speed throughout in spite of Uneven power
impulses of engine cylinders.
4. Flywheel carries the drive from the starting motors
to crankshaft while the starting the Engine.

Material: cast Iron

Manufacturing Method: Casting
 Flywheel

9. Crank Case:- 
It supports and covers the cylinder and the
crankshaft. It is used to store the lubricating oil.

The main body of the engine to which the cylinder is

attached and which contains the crankshaft and
crankshaft bearing is called crankcase. It serves as
the lubricating system too and sometimes it is called
oil sump. All the oil for lubrication is placed in it.

Crankcase

[Link] Valves
A valve is a device that regulates, directs or  controls
the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized  solids, or
 slurries) by opening, closing, or partially
obstructing various passageways.

The intake and exhaust valves open at the proper time

to let in air and fuel and to let out the exhaust.

Note that both valves are closed during compression

and combustion so that the combustion chamber is
sealed.

Materials: Phosphorus Bronze and Monel metal.

POPPET valve

11. Spark Plug:

The main function of a sparkplug is to conduct the
high potential from the  ignition system into the
combustion chamber.

It provides the proper gap across which spark is

produced by applying high  voltage, to ignite the
mixture in the ignition chamber.

Manufacturing Method:  Each major element of the

spark plug—the center electrode, the side electrode,
the insulator, and the shell—is manufactured in a
 continuous in-line assembly process. Then, the side
electrode is attached to the shell and the center
electrode is fitted inside the insulator. Finally, the
major parts are assembled into a single unit.

Spark Plug

12. Engine Bearing:

The crankshaft is supported by bearing.

Everywhere there is rotary action in the  engine,
bearings are used to support the moving parts.
Its purpose is to reduce the friction and allow parts to
move freely.
Function: The bearings hold the crankshaft in place
and prevent the forces created by the piston and
transmitted to the
crankshaft by the connecting rods from dislodging the
crankshaft, instead forcing the crank to convert the
reciprocating movement into rotation.

13. Governor:
A device for regulating automatically  output of a
machine by regulating the supply of working fluid.

When the speed decreases due to an increase in load

the supply valve is opened by a mechanism operated
 by  the governor and the engine, therefore,  speeds up
again to its original speed.

Thus the function of a governor is to  control the

fluctuations of engine speed due to changes in load.

See:  Introduction To Governors | Classification /

Types Of Governors

Governer

14. Carburetor :
The function of a carburetor is to atomize and meter
the liquid fuel and  mix it with the air as it enters
the induction system of the engine.

Maintaining fuel-air proportion under all conditions of

operation appropriate to the conditions.
15. Fuel Atomizer or Injector
Fuel injection is a system for mixing fuel with air in an
internal combustion engine. It has become
the  primary fuel delivery system used in
automotive  petrol engines, having almost
completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s.

The primary difference between carburetors and  fuel

injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel  by
forcibly pumping it through a small nozzle under high
pressure, while a carburetor relies on low  pressure
created by intake air rushing through it to add the fuel
to the airstream.

The fuel injector is only a nozzle and a valve:

the  power to inject the fuel comes from a pump or
a pressure container farther back in the fuel supply.

16. Manifold
The main function of the manifold is to supply the air-
fuel mixture and collects the exhaust gases equally
form all cylinder. In an internal combustion engine two
manifold are used, one for intake and other for
exhaust.

Function of inlet manifold:

1) Inlet manifold carries air fuel mixture from
carburetor to engine cylinders.
2) It provides large enough space to allow sufficient
flow of charge for maximum power and on other hand
it must be small enough to maintain adequate velocity
for keeping the fuel droplets suspended in air.
3) It should provide least resistance to flow.
4) In MPFI it facilitates the injection of fuel in inlet
manifold before supplied to cylinder.

Function of exhaust manifold:

1) The function of an exhaust manifold is to expel the
 exhaust gases from the combustion chamber of each
cylinder out to the atmosphere through the exhaust
pipe after combustion stroke is completed.
2) To keep back pressure minimum.

Material: Aluminium alloy -Alloy 4600

Manifold

17. Gudgeon pin or piston pin

These are hardened steel parallel spindles fitted
through the piston bosses and the small end bushes
or eyes to allow the connecting rods to swivel. It
connects the piston to the connecting rod. It is made
hollow for lightness.

Material: Plain Carbon steel 10C4 

18. Pushrod
Pushrod is used when the camshaft is situated at the
bottom end of the cylinder.  It carries the camshaft
 motion to the valves which are situated at the cylinder
head.

Pushrod

19. Rocker Arm :

Rocker Arms are typically in between the pushrod and
the intake and exhaust valves. They allow the
pushrods to push up on the rocker arms and therefore
push down on the valves.

Material: Medium Carbon steel

Manufacturing methods: Forging

Rocker arm

[Link] Shaft:
Camshaft is used in the IC engine to control the
opening and closing of valves at proper timing.

For proper engine output inlet valve should open at

the end of the exhaust stroke and closed at the end of
the intake stroke.

So to regulate its timing, a cam is used which is oval

and it exerts pressure on the valve to open and
 release to close.

It is drive by the timing belt which drives by the

crankshaft. It is placed at the top or the bottom of the
cylinder.

Function:1. Camshaft is responsible for opening of

the valves. Cam shaft has number of cams along the
length, two cams for each cylinder, one operates inlet
valve and another operates exhaust valve.
2. The camshaft has a eccentric lobe which operates
fuel feed pump.
3. A gear is present on the camshaft which drives
ignition
distributor and oil pump.
Material: Plain Carbon steel 10C4 

Manufacturing Method: Grinding, Case Hardening

Camshaft

See Meaning Of 10C4 Material BIS Code

21. Gasket  :

Functions : 

1. Gasket is placed between cylinder head and cylinder

block to retain compression in the cylinder.
2. Gasket prevents leakage of the gases from combustion
chamber and ensures tight fit joint.
3. Gasket also withstands high pressure and high
temperature.
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