CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter conversed the review of related literature of the effects and factors
affecting the timing out of students during class hours that had been traditionally
observed now and then.
A. FACTORS OF STUDENTS TIMING OUT
Bullied Students
We can never assure that there are still students that are being bullied inside the
classroom. The bullies can either the teacher or the classmates. To avoid the bullies,
the victims resort to going out of the classroom and stay in the hallways, library or even
inside the toilet. Bullying always had a negative impact on educational quality and
outcomes. As stated in the website, [Link], Bystanders and the school
climate as a whole are also affected by school violence and bullying. Unsafe learning
environments create a climate of fear and insecurity and a perception that teachers do
not have control or do not care about students’ well-being, and this reduces the quality
of education for all students.
Mentally Unprepared
As stated in [Link], Students who feel less emotionally prepared for college
than their peers tend to have lower grades and other negative experiences on campus.
The reason these students are unprepared in the classroom especially during quizzes
and exams are those students who have not reviewed their lessons or no regular study
habits at home. They tend to go out of the classroom to avoid the feeling of tension and
sometimes don’t go back to classroom anymore and these become committing cutting
classes.
Lack of Focus
As per Chapman (2016), Five 5-minute breaks each day where you get away from
technology and work, and give your brain a few moments of rest can yield remarkable
results. That’s all it takes. Students who are experiencing bullying, with family problems,
lack self esteem, disturbed student is usually the students who lack focus inside the
classroom. This may lead them to preferring to go out of the classroom.
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Call of Nature
According to, [Link], Some people talk about a call of nature when
referring politely to the need to go to the toilet. We all know that call of nature is a must
thing we have to do and we cannot postpone. Students should not delay when they feel
the need in going to the toilet or else health issues may arise.
As stated in the website, [Link], it is important for children to feel
positive about using the toilet at school. This is particularly important during the primary
school years, where healthy habits for eating, drinking and bladder and bowel
awareness are being formed for life. Parents need to be aware that going to the toilet at
school can be a problem for some children. As a result, some children will 'hold on' and
not use the toilet at school. This can lead to health problems, such as constipation.
Tardiness
As seen in the website, [Link], When students come to class late, it can disrupt
the flow of a lecture or discussion, distract other students, impede learning, and
generally erode class morale. To avoid this from happening, students result to staying in
the bathrooms and waiting for the class to end before they can enter to avoid
distractions and embarrassment.
Sleepiness
As stated in, [Link], sleeping in class is impolite and discourteous. And no
matter the size of the room, your instructor knows that you are asleep. Sometimes it
really cannot be helped, wait until there is a break and politely excuse yourself from the
lecture. Sleepiness inside the classroom is sometimes the reason why the students tend
to have a timeout from the classroom. One basis of sleepiness in the classroom is that
the students have insufficient sleep at home. This may cause them to yawn the whole
session and will not give any interest in listening to the teachers.
Emergency Cases
Emergency cases in schools happen in no particular time and day. Some of the
reasons may be about health/medical circumstances while other may be related to
issues that women encounter like periods. As stated in the website, [Link],
Managing your heavy period at school becomes easier when you have a plan and
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follow a disciplined approach. Female students often take short trips in the bathroom
whenever it is that time of the month. This is common problem that most females face.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Input Process Output
1. Profile of the
respondents along:
a. Age
The
b. Gender
[Link] of Timing
Out During Class
perception of
c. Grade Level Hours Survey the PSD JHS
Questionnaire
d. Section
2. Frequency Levels
students to
2. Information
Providers and Weighted Mean Timing out
through Likert Scale
3. Level of Perception during class
of the Respondents
hours
DEFINITION OF KEY TERMS
For better reading and understanding of the study, the following terms were
operationally defined in this section.
Bystanders – A person present at an event but does not interfere.
Perception – Understanding of someone or their interpretation.
Yield – Produce or Result to
Postpone – Delaying a task just because you have enough time to do other stuff.
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Remarkable – Amazing or of good manner
Disrupt – Interrupt by causing disturbance
Erode – Destroy or take away something.
Discourteous – Not showing a good attitude or rudeness to other people
Insufficient – Not enough of something
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