Assessment Task:
A. Sample Space, Events, Venn Diagram and Counting Sample Points
1. S = { x / 0<x≤20 }
A= { x / x are even numbers }
B = { x / x are divisible by 3 }
C = { x / x ≤ 13 }
D = { x / 6 < x < 18 }
Find: {[ ( A’ ∩ C’ ) ∩ ( Ø U B’ ) ] ‘ ∩ D}'
2. In a survey of 30 consumers of detergents, 5 people
said they are loyal to brand A, while another 5 are loyal
to brand B. Five surveyed said they do not use either
brands A, B, nor C, but use some other detergents not
included in the survey. A total of ten consumers said
they prefer brand A, and a total of 11 said they prefer
brand C. Four said they are using both A and B. There
were no one who used both brands B and C. Further,
almost peculiarly, no one said they used A, B, and C
simultaneously.
a. How many person uses brand A or brand B but not brand C?
b. How many person uses both brand A and brand C?
3. Five different mathematics books, 4 different electronic books,
and 2 different communication books are to be placed in a shelf with the books of the same
subject together.
Find the number of ways in which the books can be placed.
4. In how many ways can the letters of the word “PROBABILITIES” be arranged if the first
place is to be
filled with a consonant and no consonants are to be adjacent to each other?
5. Thirteen poker hands is to be taken from an ordinary deck of cards. How many ways it
can contain two aces,
three face cards, four cards greater than 2 but less than 5,and three cards greater than 4 but
less than 10?
B. Basic Probability
1. One box contains four cards numbered 1, 3, 5, and 6.
Another box contains three cards numbered 2, 4, and 7. One card is drawn from each box. Find
the probability that the sum is even.
2. A box contains 5 red balls and 3 yellow balls. If 4 balls, one at a time will be drawn at
random from the
box without replacement. What is the probability that the balls alternate in colors?
3. An ordinary die is tossed once. If a 1 appears, a ball is drawn from Urn 1. If a 2, 3 or 4
appears, a ball is
drawn from Urn 2; otherwise, a ball is drawn from Urn 3. Urn 1 contains 5 white, 3 green and 2
red balls. Urn
2 contains 1 white, 6 green and 3 red balls. Urn 3 contains 3 white, 1 green and 6 red balls.
What is the probability that a red ball is drawn?
4. A box of a dozen mechanical components contains 7 good components and 5 bad
components. Mr. Mechanical Engineer is preparing machine design for
his four projects. One component is required per machine. He randomly selects 4 components
from the box.
a. What is the probability that the Mr. Mechanical Engineer got at most one bad
component?
b. What is the probability that Mr. Mechanical Engineer will have to get components from
the box again?
5. Police plan to enforce speed limits by using radar traps at four different locations within
the city limits. The radar traps at each of the locations L1, L2, L3, and
L4 are operated 40%, 30%, 20%, and 30% of the time, and if a person who is speeding on his
way to work has probabilities of 0.2, 0.1, 0.5, and 0.2, respectively, of
passing through these locations,
a. what is the probability that he will receive a speeding ticket?
b. what is the probability that he passed through the radar trap located at L2?
c. at L1?
d. at L1 or L4?
e. what is the probability that he does not receive a ticket but he commits a speeding
violation as he passed through L3?
C. Conditional Probability
1. The probability that machine A will break down on a particular day is P(A) = 1/50;
similarly, for machine B, P(B) = 1/100.
Assuming independence, on a particular day, what is the probability that at most one will break
down?
2. A candidate runs for two political offices, A and B. He assigns 0.30 as the probability of
being elected to both, 0.6 as the probability of being elected to A if he is
elected to B and 0.8 as the probability of being elected to B if he is elected to A. What is the
probability of being elected to A?
3. The probability that a damaged engine recovers from a delicate overhauling operation is
0.8. What is
the probability that exactly 2 of the next 3 engines who have this overhauling recovers?
4. Job candidates are screened by means of preliminary interview. The probability is 0.7
that a screened candidate will be a good worker. Screened
candidates are given a test. If the candidate is one who will prove to be a good worker, the
probability of
his passing the test is 0.8. If the candidate is one who will prove to be a poor worker, the
probability of his passing the test is 0.3. What is the probability that a
screened candidate will be a good worker given he passed the test?