Worktext 5-6:

ETHICS

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

 Identify the Methods of Ethics;
 Determine the Model of Ethical Behaviour; and
 Explain the importance of Ethics in daily life.

What is ETHICS?
The word ethics comes from the Greek word “ethos” which means customs or habits.
It is also often called moral philosophy (science of customs or habits of society).
Ethics is also the “science of the highest good”. It is the science of morality.
Ethics is the study of what is right or good in human conduct or character.
METHODS OF ETHICS
1. PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL METHOD
Morality is traced to the conduct of savages and ultimately to the conduct of animals which seek pleasure and
avoid pain.
2. HISTORICAL OR GENETIC METHOD
Ethics is thought to evolve from the crude customs of primitive people
3. PSYCHOLOGICAL METHOD
Morality is deemed to be a phenomenon of human consciousness.
4. METAPHYSICAL METHOD
Morality is deemed to be a revelation of the divine and it is linked with spirituality and religion.
ETHICS AND ORGANIZATION
Ethical questions of doing things whether it is right or wrong.
1. Is the action legal?
2. Does it comply with our values?
3. If you do it, will you feel good or bad?
4. How will it look in the newspaper?
5. If you know its wrong, don’t do it.
6. If you’re not sure, ask.
7. Keep asking until you get an answer.
HOW TO ACT RIGHTLY?
 An act is said to be bad if it is deemed a crime or a fault in the laws of the state. The state represents the
people, in whom power resides.
 An act is said to be good or bad depending of what the majority believes.
 The goodness or badness of an act is determined by ones’ own conscience.
 Human nature determines the goodness or badness of an act.
 Whether an act is good or bad is determined by Human nature which is created by God.
 An act is said to be good or bad according to what God has pointed out explicitly in revealing Himself to
us.
Below are acts that put one in trouble.
 Stealing or removing a thing from its place
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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 -forcibly taking possession of what belongs to someone else thus against the will of owner.
Example: stealing Company’s time
 Bribery
-the offering, giving, receiving or soliciting of something of value for the purpose of influencing the
action of influencing the action of an official in the discharge of his/her public or legal duties.
 Theft
-the generic term for all crimes in which a person intentionally and fraudulently takes personal property
of another without permission or consent and with the intent to convert it the taker’s use
Petty theft –if the value taken is low for example, less than 500
Grand theft –larger amounts, designated misdemeanor or felony.
Theft is the same with larceny.
Robbery- taking by force
Burglary –taken by entering unlawfully
Embezzlement –stealing from an employer.
 Lying
-to deliberately say what is contrary to what one thinks. A lie is an intentionally false statement to a
person or a group made by another person or group who knows it is not the whole truth.
 Calumny
-to impute to one neighbor an act he did not commit. Defamation –also called calumny, -is the
communication of a false statement that harms the reputation of an individual, business, product, group,
government, religion or nation. It has no factual basis.
 Falsifying Records
-is a type of white collar crime. It involves altering, changing or modifying a document for the purpose
of deceiving another person. It can also involve the passing along of copies of documents that are known to be
false. Some types of documents that are commonly falsified may include:
Tax Returns and Income Statement
Bank Account Record
Business Record Keeping Books
Immigration documents
Identification Cards and Birth Certificate
 Alcohol and Drug Abuse
-an improper or illegal use of legal substances such as prescription drugs or other chemical substances
while alcoholism may involve serious injury to another person or severe property damage caused by the
intoxication of alcohol.
Ethics is a requirement of human life. It is our means of deciding a course of action doing right or
wrong. Without it, our actions would be random and aimless. There would be no way to work towards a goal
because there would be no way to pick between a limitless numbers of goals. Even with an ethical standard, we
may be unable to pursue our goals with the possibility of success. Any fault in our ethics will reduce our ability
to be successful in our endeavors.
Reference:

Saidali, M., Saidali, J., F.,(2015) Values and Work Ethics, Intramuros Manila; MINDSHAPERS CO., INC
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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 !
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AN NAME:
COURSE/YEAR: Date:
I. The statement below can be answered by YES or NO. If your answer is NO,
explain why.
______1. Giving something in exchange for a
favour is considered unethical.

______2. There is only good ethics since it

refers to moral values.

______3. The goodness and badness of an act

depends on the belief of a person.

_______4. Lying depends on the person’s

belief, if it does good to him, it is good.

________5. If the intention of copying answers

during exams is the only way to pass the
subject, the act is not considered bad.

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 II. Show your own Model of Ethical Behaviour by filling in the needed information below.

Thou Thou Shall Not

III. What is meant by “Ethics is a requirement of human life”.

_________________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________.

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 WORKTEXT IV: ORGANIZATION
What is an Organization?
An organized body of people with a common goal and work together.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZATION
1. DIVISION OF WORK
Organization deals with the whole task of business. The total work of the organization is divided into
activities and functions. Various activities are assigned to different persons for their efficient accomplishment. It
is not one person cannot carry out many functions but specialization in different activities is necessary to
improve one’s efficiency.
2. COORDINATION
Coordination of activities is as essential as their division. It helps in Integrating and harmonizing various
activities. Coordination also avoids duplication and delay. In fact, various functions in an organization depend
upon one another and the performance of one influences the other. Unless all of them are properly coordinated,
the performance of all segments is adversely affected.
3. COMMON OBJECTIVES
All organizational structure is a means towards the achievement of organizational goals. The goals of
various segments lead to the achievement of major business goals. The organizational structure should build
around common and clear cut objectives for proper accomplishment
4. COOPERATIVE REALTIONSHIP
An organization creates cooperative relationship among various members of the group. An organization
cannot be constituted by one person. It requires at least two or more persons. Organization is a system which
helps in creating meaningful relationship among persons.
5. WELL DEFINED AUTHORITY- RESPONSIBILITY RELATIONSHIP
An organization consists of various positions arranged in a hierarchy with well –defined authority and
responsibility. There is always a central authority from which a chain of authority relationship stretches
throughout the organization. The hierarchy of positions define the lines of communication and pattern of
relationships

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
Knowing what kind of organization one belongs to will help a person work with pride and honor. A staff
will not work for his own goal but for the goal of the company or with the team he is with. It is important that
the organizational culture is well –defined and understood.
Organizational Culture sometimes referred to as corporate culture, is a general term that outlines the
collective attitudes, beliefs, common experiences, procedures and values that are prevalent in an organization
and others similar to it.
Common aspect of this type is the quick feedback and high rewards. This type of organizational culture
has these activities such as currency trading and brokerage. This can also apply to organization such as police
force or an individual athlete or a sport team.
This tends to be stressful type of culture that requires a certain mentality to thrive and succeed.
 WORK HARD/ PLAY HARD
This type of an organizational culture doesn’t take a lot of risks, but it does take a few and all receive fast
feedbacks. This is most likely seen in a very large company which is dependent on strong costumer service.
This is often characterized by multiple team meetings, specialized jargon and buzzwords.
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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
  BET YOUR COMPANY CULTURE
This is a type of company where huge decisions are made over high stakes endeavor. In this type of culture,
the end results of these decisions may not be seen for months or even years. The most common type is one that
is involved in experimental projects or searches.
Example: Prospecting for a new oil field and designing experimental military weapons.
 PROCESS CULTURE
This is most often told in organizations where there is actually no feedback. This is rarely a good culture. In
this type of organizational culture people are so obsessed with the proceeds of how things are done that the
focus is lost on what the goal is.
Process organizational culture is a synonym for bureaucracy. These cultures are overly cautious, obsessed
with the letter of the law as opposed to the idea of the law. The only positive argument for this culture is that the
consistency of results makes it good for public services.

EFFECTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

Whether the organization has a strong or weak culture, there are some generalities that apply. When a
company makes a concerted effort to establish a strong positive culture at the workplace what could be the
effect?
Many workers spend more and more time at work. The old axiom goes that “a happy worker is a
productive worker”. Workers are interested on what is going on for the day, or a long term goals. Being part of
a company makes the whole work experience better.
A strong organization will focus on the environment it creates for its workers because that will help
encourage a more efficient and productive company. A strong culture creates energy and momentum. It will
gain a momentum of its own and will help to allow people to feel valued and express themselves freely.
ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE
Is a social glue that binds members of the organization together. Organizational Culture operates on two
levels which vary in terms of outward visibility and resistance to change. At the less visible level, culture
reflects the values shared among organizational members. These values tend to persist overtime and are more
resistant to change
Top management thinks of improving their ethical organizational climate, it will be very important to
know how top management think.
1. How to improve the Organization’s Ethical Climate?
2. Behave ethically yourself
3. Screen potential employees
4. Develop meaningful code of ethics
5. Provide ethics training
6. Reinforce ethical behavior
7. Create positions, units and other structural mechanisms to deal with ethics
SEVEN GENERAL MORAL PRINCIPLES FOR MANAGERS
1. Dignity for Human Life
-The lives of people are to be respected.
2. Autonomy
-All persons are intrinsically valuable and have the right to self -determination
3. Honesty
-The truth should be told to those who have the right to know it.
4. Loyalty

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 -Promises, contracts and commitment should be honored.
5. Fairness
-People should be treated justly.
6. Humanness
-There are two parts: (1) Our actions ought to accomplish goo and (2) we should avoid doing evil.
7. The Common Good
-Actions should accomplish the “greatest good for the greatest number” of people.
Managers can create ethical organization climate. They are also aware of the key causes of unethical behavior
KEY CAUSES OF UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR
1. Meeting overly aggressive financial or business objectives
2. Meeting schedule pressures
3. Helping the organization to survive
4. Rationalizing that others do it
5. Resisting competitive threats
6. Saving jobs
WHY MISCONDUCT IS NOT REPORTED?
1. Fear of not being considered a team player
2. Did not think corrective action would be taken
3. Fear of retribution (for management)
4. “no one else cares, why should I”?
5. Did not trust the organization to keep report confidential
CLASSIFICATION OF ETHICAL ISSUES
Conflict of interest exists when an individual must choose whether to advance his/her own interests, the
organizations or others. Organizational relationship behavior of organizational members toward stakeholders
include confidentiality, meeting obligations and deadline not pressuring others to behave unethically.
Communication refers to transmission of information and the sharing of meaning
Honesty and fairness following applicable laws and regulations and not knowingly harming stakeholders.

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 ! NAME:
ME
RCOURSE/YEAR:
E SUBJECT:
SW
ANI. Collect from the newspapers or in other correspondence ethical and unethical
issues or practices individual, groups of individual or companies or government
entities known locally or internationally. Paste it below.

NAME:
COURSE/YEAR: SUBJECT:
II. Make a Reflection paper on the ethical and unethical issues or practices that you’ve
collected from the newspaper.

 Reflection

MODULE V: WORK ETHICS

Workplace ethics are an extension of the personal standards or lack of them that is inherent in people
who make up the workplace. Remember our personal value systems. We will not have wrong decisions or
actions in the workplace if we consider our values
What are your values and work ethics? Let’s consider the following:
• DEPENDABILITY AND RESPONSIBILITY
Employers value employees who come to work on time, are there when they are supposed to be, and are
responsible for their actions and behavior. It’s important to keep supervisors abreast of changes in your
schedule or if you are going to be late for any reason. This also means keeping your supervisor informed on
where you are on all projects you have been assigned. Being dependable and responsible as an employee shows
your employer that you value your job and that you are responsible in keeping up with projects and keeping
them informed of the things that they should know about.
• PROCESSING A POSITIVE ATTITUDE
Employers seek employees who take the initiative and have the motivation to get the job done in a
reasonable period of time. A positive attitude gets the work done and motivates others to do the same without
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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
dwelling on the challenges that inevitably come up in any job. It is the enthusiastic employee who creates an
environment of good will and who provides a positive role model for others. A positive attitude is something
that is most valued by supervisors and co -workers and that also makes the job more pleasant and fun to go to
each day.
• ADAPTABILITY
Employers seek employees who are adaptable and maintain flexibility in completing tasks in an ever
changing workplace. Being open to change and improvements provide an opportunity to complete work
assignments in a most efficient manner while offering additional benefits to the organization, the costumer and
even the employee. Adaptability also means adapting to the personality work habits of co –workers and
supervisors. Each person possesses his own set of strengths and adapting to change can be a positive
experience.
• HONESTY AND INTEGRITY
Employers value employees who maintain sense of honesty and integrity above all else. Good
relationships are built on trust. When working for an employer they want to know that they can trust what you
say and what you do. Successful businesses work to gain the trust of costumers and maintain the attitude that
“costumer is always right”. It is the responsibility of each person to use his own individual sense of moral and
ethical behavior when working with and serving others within the scope of his job
• SELF - MOTIVATED
Employers look for employees who require little supervision and direction to get work done in a timely
and professional manner. Supervisors who hire self –motivated employees do themselves an immense favor.
For self –motivated employees require very little direction from their supervisors. Once a self – motivated
employee understands his/her responsibility on the job, they will do it without any prodding from others.
Employers can do their part by offering a safe, supportive, work environment that offers employees an
opportunity to learn and grow. Working in a supportive environment and taking the initiative to be self –
directive will provide employees with a better sense of accomplishment and increased self –esteem.
• MOTIVATED TO GROW AND LEARN
In an ever changing workplace, employers seek employees who are interested in keeping up with new
developments and knowledge in the field. It has been noted that one of the top reason employees leave their
employers is the lack of opportunity for career development within the organization. Learning new skills,
techniques, methods and/or theories through professional development helps keep the organization at the top of
its field and make the employee’s job more interesting and exciting. Keeping up with current changes in the
field is a vital for success and increased job security.
• STONG SELF -CONFIDENCE
Self –confidence has been recognized as the key ingredient between someone who is successful and
someone who is not. A self –confident person is someone who inspire others. A self –confident person is not
afraid to ask questions on topics where they fell they need more knowledge. They feel little need to have to
impress others with what they know since they feel comfortable with themselves and don’t feel they need to
know everything. They also admit their mistakes and recognize their strength and weaknesses.
• PROFESSIONALISM
Employers value employees who exhibit professional behavior at all times. Professional behavior
includes learning every aspect of a job and doing it to the best of one’s ability. Professionals look, speak and
dress accordingly to maintain an image of someone who takes pride in their behavior and appearance.
Professionals complete projects as soon as possible and avoid letting uncompleted projects pile up.
Professionals complete high quality work and are detail oriented.
• COMPETENCE
Competence is a standardized requirement for an individual to properly perform a specific job. It
encompasses a combination of knowledge, skills and behavior utilized to improved performance. Competence
is the state or quality of being adequately or well qualified, having the ability to perform a specific role.
• SUSTAINABILITY

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 Sustainability isn’t about the quick fix or the cheap solution. Generally, it means making a commitment
and trying as best we can to honor it. In any worthwhile organization, from protecting the environment and
preserving a relationship, were going to encounter difficulties. The good life is not a problem –free life. In fact,
the process of overcoming adversity often produces some of the most experience will ever have
• LOVE
Like truth and beauty, love is concrete. Love is not fundamentally a sweet feeling; not a t heart, a matter
of sentiment, attachment or being “drawn toward”. Love is active, effective, a matter of making reciprocal and
mutually beneficial relation with one’s friends and enemies. (Carter, Heyward)
• SOLIDARITY
It is not a matter of sentiment but a fact, c0ld and impassive as the granite foundations of a skyscraper. If
the basic elements, identity of interest, clarity of vision, honesty of intent and oneness of purpose or any of these
is lacking, all sentimental pleas for solidarity and all other efforts to achieve it will be barren of results. (Eugene
V. Debs)
• LOYALTY AND COOPERATION
Loyalty –the act of binding yourself 9intellectually or emotionally) to a course of action; “his long commitment
to public service.”; “they felt no loyalty to a losing team.”
Cooperation –assistance or willingness to assist.

ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE WORKPLACE

ETHICAL DILLEMMA #1
A client of the company is facing some financial problems. He buys certain products from your
company at a very high rate, which he can get a much cheaper price from one of your competitors. Now, the
ethical issue is, should you communicate the same to your client?
ETHICAL DILEMMA #2
The company plans to launch a skin cream in the market and one of its ingredients may be harmful for
the health of the users in the long run. As an employee, should you be a part of such a project?
ETHICAL DILEMMA #3
The company is making losses but the manager inflates the profit in the financial statements to appease
the shareholders, lenders and the costumers. Is this ethical?
ADVANTAGES OF AN ORGANIZATION WHICH PROMOTE VALUES AND ETHICS
• Its employees do not feel any stress as they do not have to compromise their values.
• Any kind of misconduct is immediately reported to the right person in the organization.
• Instances of misconduct get minimized and overall satisfaction of the employees increase as such
organizations offer a feel –good environment to its employees.
• It promotes a better working environment and at the same time a good reputation to the business. Both
of which contribute to high work productivity and profits. (A. Dogra)

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 !
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E NAME:
NSW
A COURSE/YEAR: SUBJECT:
I. Describe the following:
1. What is the expectations of the employer to the employee who has perceived to be
“dependable and responsible?” Give two answers.

2. A person with a positive attitude can make two things.

a.

b.

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3. When an employee complains of the changes in the workplace, this is because the
person cannot adopt to the changes or he does lack
_____________________________________________________________________.
4. When a person’s word/words can be trusted, that person has already earned
his____________________of being honest.
5. Employees will have a better accomplishment if employer can provide a work
environment that is ____________________________.
6. Discuss your experience regarding your ethical dillemas. This could be at home, school
or at work.

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
WORKTEXT VI: THE WORK VALUES OF FILIPINO WORKERS
Filipino workers are considered to be at par if not the best compared to other workers in the world. They
are resourceful, resilient, persistent and consistent. They are preserving and will do what it takes just to earn a
decent income for their respective family back home. Most of them speak English very well and can work under
pressure in a team. Below are the attributes of Filipinos, why they excel in adapting to their environment and at
the same time whip up satisfactory outcomes. There are also some of not so good attributes, but overall
Filipinos are still very good in dealing with other people.
THE WORK VALUES OF FILIPINO WORKERS
1. PAKIKISAMA. This means doing something good for others.
2. PAKIKITUNGO. Ability of Filipinos to deal with anybody with warmth and enthusiasm.
3. PAMPALUBAG –LOOB. Fond of bargaining.
4. PAG –IWAS. Hide the truth.
5. GAYA –GAYA. Imitating or imitation.
6. UTANG NA LOOB. Returning the favor.
7. BAYANIHAN. Ready to extend helping hands to those in need.
8. PAMAMAGITAN. Somebody has to act as mediator.
9. HIYA. Shyness can hamper learning from speaking up.
10. PATRIOTISM. Responsibility to maintain loyalty and respect of the people.
11. PAGSASABUKAS. Doing things the next day instead of today.
12. NINGAS –COGON. Very enthusiastic at the start of the task then enthusiasm dies down.
13. SIYA KASI. Looking for someone to put the blame on.
14. BAHALA NA. tendency to leave things to chance.
15. AMOR PROPIO. Desire to preserve one’s good name.

ATTRIBUTES OF FILIPINOS
1. Commitment. Pledge to fulfill a duty or a performance to do something.
2. Responsibility. Dependability, initiative, persistence, aggressiveness, self –confidence, desire to excel.
3. Nationalism. Love of country.
4. Compassion. Deep feeling for another’s sorrow or hardships which leads the person to sympathize with
the one suffering.
5. Goal –Oriented. Understands the purpose of life and work of the group or organization.
6. Dignity. Self –respect or ability that wins the respect and high opinion of other.
7. Competence. The degree of a person’s capability in doing a certain piece of work.
8. Reliability. Quality or state of being reliable.
9. Orderly. The quality of being organized.
10. Knowledgeable. Mentally alert and well –informed.
11. Loyalty. The quality or state of being loyal to work.

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 !
R ME NAME:
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SW COURSE/YEAR: SUBJECT:
AN
II. Observe your sorroundings, try to enumerate some of the work values and attributes of Filipino
workers and reflect on it.

Reflection
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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 !
ME
ER NAME:
SW
AN COURSE/YEAR: SUBJECT:
I. Elaborate the following Bible verses about work ethics.
Colossians 3:23
“Whatever you do, work heartily, as for the Lord and not for men.”
 ________________________________________________________________________________
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2 Thessalonians 3:10
“For even when we were with you, we would give you this command. If anyone is not willing to work, let him
not to eat.”
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Proverbs 14:23
“In all toil there is profit, but mere talk ends only to poverty. Whatever your hands find to do, do it with your
might.”
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MODULE VII:THE WORKPLACE
What is Workplace?
The workplace is a place where someone works. There are different term s and definitions of a
workplace.
Toxic workplace. In a toxic workplace there is always a toxic employee, who is motivated by personal
gain (power, money or special status), uses unethical, mean spirited and sometimes illegal means to manipulate
and annoy those around them and whose motives are to maintain or increase power, money or special status or
divert attention away from their performance shortfall and misdeeds.
Toxic employees do not recognize a duty to the organization for which they work or their co-workers in
terms of ethics or professional conduct toward others. Toxic employees define relationships with co -workers
not by organizational structure but by co -workers they favor and those they do not like or trust.
A toxic employee often possesses a particular technical skill that is seen as indispensable and thus a
source of informal power in the workplace. The longer this type of technically skilled, toxic employee works,
their greater influence grows.
Co –workers and even supervisors watch these individuals intimidate others and control them by
spreading rumors; silent treatment and other marginalization techniques. This is an effective method that causes
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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
supervisors to hesitate to provide candid, negative feedback, regarding their treatment of others. Another
effective tactic to exploit their long service to emphasize their irreplaceability to enhance this perception:
1. WORKPLACE STRESS
This is due to lean staffing, the stress of potential lay –offs and the fact that longer service employees
typically survive lay –offs.
2. WORKPLACE AGGRESSION
Aggression, in general, is considered to be any behavior that is carried out by an individual with the
intent to cause harm to another person or group of people. The aggressor must believe that their behavior is
harmful to their target(s) and that the target(s) will be motivated to avoid this behavior.
3. WORKPLACE SURVEILLANCE
This is positively related to workplace aggression against supervisors, such that the greater the number of
surveillance methods used, the greater the amount of work aggression. Furthermore, supervisory control
overwork performance has also been shown to positively related to workplace aggression against supervisors.
4. WORKPLACE CONFLICT
Causes for workplace conflict can be personality or style differences and personal problems such as
substance abuse, childcare issues and family problems. Organizational factors such as leadership, management,
budget and disagreement about core values can also contribute. Others are poor communication, different
values, different interest, scarce resources, personality clashes and poor performances
5. WORKPLACE CYBER -AGRESSION
This is best described as ‘takes the form of obscene or hate e-mail/ text messages that threaten or
frighten, or e-mail messages that contain offensive content, such as sexist or racist. What is unique about this
type of workplace harassment, is that this material can be sent by people in addition to work colleagues, by
other individual outside the workplace.
6. WORKPLACE DIVERSITY
This is a people issue, focused on the differences and similarities that people bring to an organization. It
is usually defined broadly to include dimensions beyond those specified legally in equal their statutes.
7. WORKPLACE EMPOWERMENT
Today, more than 70 percent of organizations have adopted some kind of empowerment initiative for at
least part of their workforce. To be successful in today’s business environment, companies need the knowledge,
ideas, energy and creativity of every employee, from frontline workers to the top level managers in the
executive suite.
The best companies accomplish this by empowering their employees to take initiative without prodding,
to serve the collective interest of the company without being micro –managed and to act like owners of the
business. Provides employees with opportunities to make their own decisions with regard to their tasks.
8. WORKPLACE POLITICS
Office politics differs from office gossips in the people participating in office politics do so with the
objective of gaining advantage, whereas gossip can be a purely social activity. The aims of office politics or
manipulation in the workplace are not always increased pay or a promotion. Often, the goal may simply be
greater power of control for its own end. While office politics do not necessarily aim at selfish gains. –they can
be means towards outcomes which are corporate and benefit the company, not the individual.
9. WORKPLACE SAFETY
Workplace safety and health is a category of management responsibility in places of employment.
10. WORKPLACE FRIENDSHIP
Directly related to several other area of study including cohesion, job satisfaction, organizational
commitment and intention to leave.

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
11. VIRTUAL WORKPLACE
A workplace that is not located in any one physical space.

RESPECT IN THE WORKPLACE

“Respect is what you give to others” is a very famous saying, when it comes to corporate and office ethics.
Respect is a very necessary quality, feeling and action that one needs to integrate into one’s behavior when it
comes to the workplace.
The following are reasons why respect become such an important aspect of the environment, that is maintained
in the office or organization:
1. There should be respect for the boss or superior, in the mind of all deputies and people working under
him/her as the flow of authority is maintained in the pyramid of authority and responsibility.
2. Authority and responsibility should be equal. The boss tends to respect the feelings of his subordinates
and also never intrudes on the self –respect of any individual. Hence, superiors should be very friendly
and approachable person for it establishes amount of respect in the workplace.
3. The peaceful and friendly connection between the hierarchies, is highly instrumental in giving a efficient
and optimized output. The only reason is that healthy relations produce a positive feeling and energy in
the workplace.
It can be concluded that respect in the workplace helps the organization to function as one single body, with
a heart that beats to the rhythm of success and soul that reflects the happiness for its manpower.

CONFIDENTIALITY IN THE WORKPLACE

Maintaining confidentiality in the workplace is of utmost importance for modern organization today to
ensure that their costumers, clients, employees can trust them.
Confidentiality in the workplace can be defined as keeping the employee, costumer and client
information private. Usually, it is seen that organizations take a number of steps to ensure that client
information remains confidential but when it comes to employee information, they are not so much concerned.
However, this thought process needs to be changed and the employers need to understand the importance of
confidentiality in the workplace, only then can they expect their staff to treat client and costumer information
with care.

HOW TO MAINTAIN CONFIDENTIALITY IN THE WORKPLACE?

It is up to the human resources professionals do devise such strategies that will maintain confidentiality
in the workplace.
Here are some effective steps which can be taken to protect information;
1. The Human Resources professionals should devise policies and develop such procedures which ensure
that complete workplace confidentiality is maintained. The policies should cover their work as well, i. e
protection of personnel and benefit records.
2. Communicate the policies to all employees, supervisors and managers. Training them with regards to the
confidentiality issues by giving them printouts of policy or holding meetings and seminars in the office
which teach the importance of confidentiality to the employees should be done on a regular basis.
3. Employees should know which actions of theirs will be considered as breach of confidentiality and what
will be the consequences of the same to deter them from doing so.
4. To ensure that the information is safe, sophisticated electronic methods such as firewalls, password
protection, encryption, etc. should be adopted. This will keep access, usage and transmission of the
protected data, safe.
5. Disposing off sensitive information in the right manner, once it’s no longer needed is equally important.
The employer or the human resource personnel should do it in such a way that there are no potential
leaks.

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
MORALE IN THE WORKPLACE
Having the right morale in the workplace plays an important role in productivity and success.
Very often employers underestimate the importance of building morale in the workplace. Superiors and
managers are rarely concerned about employee morale, team spirit, etc. All that matters is performance and
results. Yes, performance and results do matter, no doubt about that, but what managers must realize is that if
they wish to extract good results and par performance from their employees on a consistent basis, it is vital that
there be good team spirit and employee morale in the workplace.

HOW TO IMPROVE MORALE IN THE WORKPLACE?

First and foremost, there is no magic wand as such for building high moral in the workplace overnight. It
is a cyclic evolutionary process that needs to happen on a continuous and consistent basis. High motivation and
morale in the workplace can be achieved through the following ways and workplace ethics.
1. OPEN COMMUNICATION
Managers and bosses, should be open in their communication with their employees. By open, I do not
mean openly yelling or screaming. What I mean is that there should be two –way communication and both
parties should be able to put their points across comfortably and without any inhibitations.
2. APPRECIATION
Bosses should appreciate and recognize any outstanding piece of work on the part of the employee.
Good performances and above –average results should be acknowledge and appreciated. Appreciation can be
done in many ways, it does not always have to be through a salary hike or a bonus. Simple things like an honest
one-to-one conversation or pat on the shoulder for a job well done can often be the deciding factor between
high and low morale in the workplace.
3. TEAM BUILDING ACTIVITIES
Team building is important way of keeping the employee morale high. It encourages team work and
spurs people to work together towards a common goal. Good teamwork always translates into good results.
Investing some time in a few creative team building activities by means of trips, outdoor recreation, group
activities, etc., will only help to boost employee morale.
4. WORK LIFE BALANCE
Managers should be sensitive enough to understand that every employee has an individual life outside
the office premises, steps should be taken to ensure employees are able to achieve good balance between their
professional and personal lives. Introducing flexible work hours could be a good way of getting rid of poor
morale in the workplace.
5. INVITE FEEDBACK
Encourage employees to provide feedback and come up with suggestions through periodic employee
surveys. Let them be open and speak their mind without any sort of fear or suppression. Such a gesture will
make them feel valued, wanted and it will go along the way towards improving employee motivation and
morale.
6. MONETARY REWARDS AND GIFTS
No matter how long you ramble on about job satisfaction, professional challenges and career growth, at
the end of the day, it’s all about the money. Monetary rewards, regular salary hikes, performance bonuses, perks
for family members, etc. can contribute significantly towards maintaining a positive morale in the workplace.

HOW TO BE HAPPY AT WORK?

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 1. START WITH A POSITIVE OUTLOOK
Happiness is a state of mind, an attitude and through not many people realize it, but staying happy at
work is totally based on your motivations and a positive outlook towards your job.
2. CHALLENGE YOURSELF
Rather than looking for help and motivation from other people, challenge yourself and take charge of
your own growth professionally.
3. MAKE FRIENDS
Having someone to talk to on a social level and in fact having co –workers that you like and enjoy
working with is hallmark of happiness at the workplace.
4. COMPLETE YOUR TASKS
Complete your task, however disagreeable or tough they might be. This gives you an individual a sense
of achievement and motivates you to work towards your goals in the future.
5. TAKE A BREAK
Sitting and starting on your screen all day long in not going to help you. Instead, take breaks and go
outside for some time. They do not necessarily have to be long breaks but going out for few minutes to feel the
breeze can keep you refresh.
6. FINISH WHAT YOU HAVE STARTED
Never abandon what you have started. With focus, intensity and concentration at work, you will realize
you’ve done the job successfully.
7. ALWAYS FOSTER A POSITIVE OUTLOOK
Don’t be negative, critical, rebellious or antagonistic. A person who always disagree or contradicts can
never be cooperative.
8. NEVER ENGAGE IN ACTIVITIES THAT CONFLICT WITH CORPORATE INTEREST
A loyal employee does not engage in activities that constitute a conflict of trade or professional interest
with that of the company he works for. To do so would render him inefficient and ineffective in either or both
9. AVOID CLIQUES
You should be on guard against the effects of excessive familiarity among people you work with,
familiarities lead to the formation of cliques or factions among employees, which may later trigger disunity in
the company.
10. FAMILIARITIES ARE DEVOID OF LOYALTIES
The apparent loyalty expressed by people within a clique is bound to disintegrate once some value of a
higher order comes between them.
11. BE AN INSTRUMENT OF UNITY
Make genuine friend but avoid familiarities. Friendships among employees may enhance collective
loyalty towards the company.
12. SHOW THAT YOU BELONG
Externally, you can express your loyalty by religiously wearing your corporate ID and uniform when
you are prescribed. Exhibiting this corporate symbols is a mark of your eagerness to belong.

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 !
ME
ER NAME:
NSW
A COURSE/YEAR: SUBJECT:
I. Conduct an interview with an employee who is working for 15 or more years in a company or
institution.

NAME OF THE EMPLOYEE:

POSITION: AGENCY:
Try to find:
1. What motivate him/her to work and stay in the company/institution for 15 or more years in the
company?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
2. What are the common problems he/she encountered in the workplace and how he/she were able to
overcome it?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
[Link] what make him/her happy in the workplace.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education
 ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________
!
R ME
WE
NAME:
S
AN COURSE/YEAR: SUBJECT:
II. The question need smart answers.

1. Explain “university of life”

 ________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
2. Explain. If you work with people who are very bright on their own field and have diverse talents and
backgrounds, you will develop a team of tremendous strength and depth.
 ________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
3. Explain in your own understanding, “Work with other People’s brain.”

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________

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VED: GOOD MANNERS AND RIGHT CONDUCT Prepared by: Ma. Theresa Gina T. Galang
1ST Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Bachelor in Elementary Education