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Overview of Clastic and Non-Clastic Rocks

This document provides a summary of various rock types including their typical mineral composition, grain size, classification as either clastic, chemical, or organic rocks, and common depositional environments. Some key rock types mentioned include limestone, composed mainly of calcite and formed in shallow seas; sandstone, composed of quartz and/or feldspar grains formed in beaches or deserts; shale, made of fine-grained quartz and clay minerals in flood plains or deltas; and coal, composed primarily of carbon and classified as an organic rock. The document uses pictures and brief descriptions to characterize the different rocks.

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Tiisetso Mokwane
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6 views3 pages

Overview of Clastic and Non-Clastic Rocks

This document provides a summary of various rock types including their typical mineral composition, grain size, classification as either clastic, chemical, or organic rocks, and common depositional environments. Some key rock types mentioned include limestone, composed mainly of calcite and formed in shallow seas; sandstone, composed of quartz and/or feldspar grains formed in beaches or deserts; shale, made of fine-grained quartz and clay minerals in flood plains or deltas; and coal, composed primarily of carbon and classified as an organic rock. The document uses pictures and brief descriptions to characterize the different rocks.

Uploaded by

Tiisetso Mokwane
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ROCK NAME PICTURE AND MINERALS/COMPOSI GRAI TYPE DEPOSITON

DESCRIPTION TION N OF AL
SIZE ROCK ENVIRONME
NT

a) Dolomite/Dolo  Usually Dolomite Fine to Non Shallow ,


stone forms CaMg ¿) Coarse Clastic Restricted
from graine Chemic Circulation
dolomitisa d al Marine(Mg rich
tion of waters)
limestone

b) Limestone Calcite Non- Shallow sea,
CaC O3 Clastic coast line
Chemic
al

c) Travertine  A Calcite Non- Same as


Limestone CaC O3 Clastic Limestone
that forms Chemic
by al
evaporativ
e
precipitati
on often in
cave
d) Oolitic A Limestone Calcite Same as
Limestone composed mainly CaC O3 Limestone
of Calcium
Carbonate(oolites)
, small spheres by
concentric
precipitation of
Calcium
Carbonate
e) Diamictite/Tillite  A poorly Chert Fine Clastic
sorted Quartz Graine
Conglome d
rate
 Can carry
allsorts of
material
from clay
to large
rocks
f) Sandstone  The most Quartz Sand Clastic Beach,Desert
common Or sized
sedimenta Feldspar grains
ry rock

g) Sandstone

h) Sandstone

i) Arkose  Feldspar Quartz Mediu Clastic Alluvial fan,


rich Mica is often present m Braided Stream
Sandstone graine
 Formed d
from
weatherin
g of
Feldspar
j) Greywacke  Variety of Quartz Sand- Clastic Bottom of
Sandstone Feldspar Gravel Oceanic trances
that is Size
highly
indurated
and poorly
sorted
k) Siltstone Quartz Fine Clastic Flood Plain,
Clay Minerals graine Delta, Mid
d continental
shelf

l) Bituminous Quartz Very Clastic Flood Plain,


Shale Clay Minerals fine Lake, Mid
graine continental,
d Delta

m) Conglomerate Quartz Pebble Clastic Braided Stream,


Chert s alluvial fan,
Very moving river
Coarse
n) Bauxite Aluminium Oxide Non-
Clastic
Chemic
al

o) Rock Salt Halite Fine N0n- Shallow,


graine Clastic restricted
d Chemic circulation
al marine

p) Banded
Ironstone

q) Anthracite Hard coal Carbon N0n-


Clastic
Organic

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