Basin-wise Water Resources
Assessment using space Inputs
Input Data Requirements
B. SIMHADRI RAO
Water Resources Group
National Remote Sensing Centre
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Topographic Data
• Digital Elevation Model
• Land use / Land cover
• Soil texture
Meteorological Data
• Rainfall
• Temperature
Hydrological Data
• River Discharge
• Reservoir level
• Ground water level
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Ancillary Data
• Demographic
• Industrial
• Livestock
• Irrigation Command boundaries
• Administrative boundaries
• Snow cover maps
Ancillary Information
• Crop area statistics
• Land Use Coefficients
• Available water capacity for soil type
• Root depth for crop type
• Specific yield maps
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Digital Elevation Model: Represents the topography in raster format
Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission
• SRTM launched on 11-Feb-2000
• On space shuttle Endeavour for 11 days
mission
• The Radar data to collect information on
80% of earth’s surface
SRTM Parameters
Parameter C - Band X - Band
Wavelength 5.6 cm 3.1 cm
Carrier 5.3 GHz 9.6 GHz
frequency
Polarisation dual VV
Swath width 225 km 50 km
Elevation step 1m 1m
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
SRTM DEM SRTM DEM Characteristics
Tile size 50 X 50
(120 X 1201 pixels)
Pixel Size 90 m (3 arc-second)
Geographic Geographic latitude and
coordinates longitude
DEM output GeoTIFF, signed 16 bits
format units of vertical metre
Geoid reference WGS84/EGM96
Coverage 600 N to 560 S
Vertical Accuracy 16 m at 90% confidence
Horizontal 20 m at 90% confidence
Accuracy
SRTM 90 M DEM Latest Version 4.1
[Link]
digital-elevation-database-v4-1
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Terra Satellite
• Terra launched on 18-Dec-1999
• 16 day repeat cycle
• 705 km altitude, sun-synchronous
• ASTER sensor has nadir and
backward looking cameras in red
band
ASTER Sensor Characteristics
Characteristics VNIR SWIR TIR
Spatial 15 30 90
resolution (m)
Swath width 60 60 60
(km)
Quantisation 8 8 12
Bands 3 6 5
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
ASTER DEM ASTER DEM Characteristics
Tile size 10 X 10
(3601 X 3601 pixels)
Pixel Size 30 m (1 arc-second)
Geographic Geographic latitude and
coordinates longitude
DEM output GeoTIFF, signed 16 bits
format units of vertical metre
Geoid reference WGS84/EGM96
Coverage 830 N to 830 S
Vertical Accuracy 20 m at 95% confidence
Horizontal 30 m at 95% confidence
Accuracy
[Link]
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
CARTOSAT-1
• Cartosat-1 launched 05-May-2005
• 6018 km altitude, sun-
synchronous
• Carosat-1 has nadir and backward
looking cameras
CARTOSAT-1 Sensor Characteristics
Parameter Characteristics
Spatial resolution 2.5 m
swath 26 km
Spectral band 0.5 – 0.85 microns
Revisit 5 days
Repetition 126 days
Quantisation 10 bits
Cameras 2
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
CARTOSAT DEM CARTOSAT DEM Characteristics
Tile size 7.5’ X 7.5’
(13.5 Km X 13.5 Km)
Pixel Size 30 m (1 arc-second)
Geographic Geographic latitude and
coordinates longitude
DEM output GeoTIFF
format
Geoid reference WGS84
Vertical Accuracy 8m
Horizontal 15 m
Accuracy
[Link]
[Link]
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Digital Elevation Model: To derive drainage and basin and sub-basin boundaries
Drainage and basin and sub-basin boundaries of Brahmani-Baitarani basin
Min. Elevation = 1 m
Max. Elevation = 1176 m
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Land Use / Land Cover Data
Developed under Natural Resources
Census Project, NRSC
Based on AWiFS satellite data
LU/LC data of Spatial resolution (56
m) used in the pilot study
Data availability period - 2004-05
to 2011-12 (11 years)
NRC project aims at generation of thematic maps at 1:250 k from satellite
data for entire country
LU/LC, Land degradation, Geomorphology and Lineament mapping
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Land Use / Land Cover Data
[Link] LU/LC Class
1 Build up
2 Kharif only
3 Rabi only
4 Zaid only
5 Double / triple
6 Current fallow
7 Plantation/orchard
8 Evergreen forest
9 Deciduous forest
10 Scrub/Deg. forest
11 Littoral swamp
12 Grassland
13 Other wasteland
14 Gullied
15 Scrubland
16 Water bodies
17 Snow covered
18 Shifting Cultivation
Developed using Multi-temporal AWiFS covering Kharif, Rabi and Zaid seasons
LCC projection and WGS84 datum
Can be downloaded from [Link]
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Soil Texture Data
Developed by National
Bureau of Soil Survey and
Land Use Planning
(NBSS&LUP)
Soil map of 1:250 k scale
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Rainfall Data
Daily rainfall grids developed IMD
Spatial resolution of 0.5 degree
used in the pilot study
Presently 0.25 degree gridded data
is available (*.GRD format)
Period - 1901 to 2010 years
Study Period – 1983-84 to 2012-13
(30 years)
Developed using 6995 rain gauge stations
Spatial interpolation for converting point rainfall into grid data
Inverse Distance Weighing scheme of interpolation
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Temperature Data
Daily temperature grids developed IMD
Spatial resolution of 1 degree used in
the pilot study
Period - 1969 to 2009 years (*.GRD
format)
Developed using 395 stations
Spatial interpolation for converting point data into grid data
Modified version of Shepard angular distance weighting algorithm
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Demographic Data
Village wise population census maps of India
Period - 1991, 2001 and 2011 years (vector format)
Developed by Census of India
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Irrigation Command Maps
Project wise irrigation command
boundary maps (vector format)
Prepared under India WIRS project
To provide consumptive irrigation
support for crop within command
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Administrative Boundaries
Administrative boundaries like
State, district, taluk and village
map (vector format)
Prepared by Survey of India
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Ground Water Levels
Ground water level of wells (excel format- point data)
Central Ground Water Board
Study Period – 1983-84 to 2012-13 (30 years)
Jan May Aug Nov
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
DGWL May 2004
Ground Water Levels
DGWL May 2005
6.32112 DGWL Change
-6.86795
2004 to 2005
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
River Discharges
River discharge data at various locations in each basin
Select the discharge sites at critical locations in a basin
Study Period – 1983-84 to 2012-13 (30 years)
Reservoir Levels and Storage volume
Reservoir levels data located in each basin
To estimate reservoir storages
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Industrial Data
Industrial data located in each basin
To estimate industrial water demand
Study Period – 1983-84 to 2012-13 (30 years)
Live stock Census
Live stock census from National Dairy Development Board
To estimate live stock water demand
[Link]
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Crop Area Information
Crop area statistics for each district-wise located in a basin
To identify the crop period
To identify major crop in each season
To arrive at land use coefficients
Land Use Coefficients
Based on the land cover type
Can be obtained from literature
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Available Water Capacity
Available water capacity for each soil type
Can be obtained from literature
Root Depth
Root depth for each vegetation type
Can be obtained from literature
Specific Yield Maps
Specific yield map for each soil type
Water Resources Assessment - Input Data Requirements
Snow Cover Area Maps
To estimate snowmelt runoff
Snow cover Area products available from different satellite sensors
like MODIS, NOAA-AVHRR, etc.
Other input variables like precipitation, temperature and DEM