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Probability Solutions and Analysis

This document contains 3 probability problems and their solutions from an assignment on probability at the University of Port Harcourt School of Public Health. The first problem calculates the probability that a randomly selected number between 1-20 is a multiple of 2 or 3. The second problem finds various probabilities related to randomly selecting a ball from a bag containing red, white, and green balls. The third problem calculates the probabilities of the sums of two dice rolls being at least 10 or less than or equal to 11.

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Yemi Jonathan Olushola
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11 views2 pages

Probability Solutions and Analysis

This document contains 3 probability problems and their solutions from an assignment on probability at the University of Port Harcourt School of Public Health. The first problem calculates the probability that a randomly selected number between 1-20 is a multiple of 2 or 3. The second problem finds various probabilities related to randomly selecting a ball from a bag containing red, white, and green balls. The third problem calculates the probabilities of the sums of two dice rolls being at least 10 or less than or equal to 11.

Uploaded by

Yemi Jonathan Olushola
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

University of Port Harcourt

School of Public Health


Assignment on Probability.

1. A number is selected at random from the set of integers 1 to 20. Find


the probability that the number is a multiple of 2 or a multiple of 3. Is it
a mutually exclusive event?

Solution:

Let Multiples of 2 be A: 2, 4, 8, 16 (21, 22, 23, 24); P (A) = 4/20 = 1/5

Let Multiples of 3 be B: 3, 9 (31, 32); P (B) = 2/20 = 1/10

P (A) and P (B) are mutually exclusive as you cannot pick a multiple of 2 at
the same time as a multiple of 3.

That is, P (A and B) = 0

Therefore, P (A or B) = P (A) + P (B) = 1/5 + 1/10 = 3/10.

2. A bag contains 6 red balls, 12 white balls and 9 green balls. A ball is
selected at random. What is the probability that it is one of the
following?

Solution:

Total number of possible outcomes = (6 red + 12 white + 9 green) balls =


27 balls.

a. A white ball = P (white ball) = 12/27 = 4/9

b. A green ball = P (green ball) = 9/27 = 1/3

c. Not a green ball = 1 – P (green ball) = 1 – 1/3 = 2/3

d. A red or green ball = P (red or green) = P (red ball) + P (green ball)

= 6/27 + 9/27 = 15/27 = 5/9.

3. Two fair dice are tossed, find the probability that:

i. The sum of the outcomes is at least 10


ii. The sum of the outcomes is less than or equal to 11.
Solution:

Matrix of possible outcomes for the sum of the toss of a pair of dice

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Total number of possible outcomes = 6 x 6 = 36.

i. Sum is at least 10 (area shaded gold)

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
P (sum is at least 10) = 6/36 = 1/6

ii. Sum is less than or equal to 11 (area shaded green)

1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
P (sum is ≤ 11) = 1 – P (sum is = 12) = 1 – 1/36 = 35/36.

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