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Ammonia Saturation Pressure at -38°C

The document presents two examples of cascade refrigeration systems. The first uses ammonia as the refrigerant with an evaporator temperature of -35°C, condenser pressure of 1514.2 kPa, and refrigeration load of 90 tons. The second uses an evaporator temperature of -40°C, condenser temperature of 38°C, and high-pressure loop mass flow rate of 0.1 kg/s. Both examples provide the relevant thermodynamic properties and calculations to determine performance metrics like mass flow rates, power required, and COP.

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stephen james
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205 views5 pages

Ammonia Saturation Pressure at -38°C

The document presents two examples of cascade refrigeration systems. The first uses ammonia as the refrigerant with an evaporator temperature of -35°C, condenser pressure of 1514.2 kPa, and refrigeration load of 90 tons. The second uses an evaporator temperature of -40°C, condenser temperature of 38°C, and high-pressure loop mass flow rate of 0.1 kg/s. Both examples provide the relevant thermodynamic properties and calculations to determine performance metrics like mass flow rates, power required, and COP.

Uploaded by

stephen james
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER 5

1. A two-stage cascade refrigeration system uses ammonia as the working substance.


The evaporator is at –35 C and the high-pressure condenser is at 1514.2 kPa. The
cascade condenser is a direct contact type. The refrigeration load is 90 tons.
Determine (a) the mass flow rate in the lower pressure loop, (b) the mass flow rate
in the high-pressure loop, (c) the power required, (d) the COP, and (e) the
quantity of the fluid entering the evaporator.

Solution:

For cascade condenser pressure


p5 = p 6 p1
p6 = 1514.2 kPa
p1 = psat at − 35 C = 93.5 kPa
p5 = (1514.2)(93.5) = 376.3 kPa
CHAPTER 5

Important properties

State points p , kPa h , kJ/kg


1 93.5 1415.2
2 376.3 1610
3 376.3 183.6
4 93.5 183.6
5 376.3 1457.8
6 1514.2 1670
7 1514.2 385.7
8 93.5 385.7

(a) m& a = mass flow rate in the lower pressure loop.

Q& A (90 )(3.516 ) = 0.257 kg s


m& a = =
h1 − h4 1415.2 − 183.6

(b) m& b = mass flow rate in the high pressure loop.

m& b (h5 − h8 ) = m& a (h2 − h3 )


m& b (1457.8 − 385) = 0.257(1610 − 183.6)
m& a = 0.342 kg s

(c) W&T = W&1 + W&2 = m& a (h2 − h1 ) + mb (h6 − h5 )

W&T = 0.257(1610 − 1415.2) + 0.342(1670 − 1457.8) = 122.6 kW

Q& (90 )(3.516 ) = 2.58


(d) COP = A =
&
WT 122.6

(e) at 4, p = 93.5 kPa , h = 183.6 kJ kg


t = −35 C
h f = 41.2 kJ kg , h fg = 1374.0 kJ kg
h − h f 183.6 − 41.2
x= = (100% ) = 10.36%
h fg 1374.0

2. A two-stage cascade refrigeration system uses ammonia as the refrigerant. The


mass flow rate in the high-pressure loop is 0.10 kg/s. The condenser saturated
CHAPTER 5

temperature is 38 C and the evaporator temperature is – 40 C. The cascade


condenser is a direct contact type. Determine (a) the refrigerating effect in tons,
(b) the power required, and (c) the COP.

Solution:
At 38 C, p = 1472.4 kPa
At – 40 C, p = 72.0 kPa

Therefore, cascade condenser pressure = (1472.4 )(72.0) = 325.6 kPa


tsat = −7.25 C
CHAPTER 5

Important properties

State points t, C h , kJ/kg


1 -40 1407.3
2 1621
3 -7.25 166.6
4 -40 166.6
5 -7.25 1453.5
6 1680
7 38 380.7
8 -7.25 380.7

m& b = 0.10 kg s

For m& a ,
m& a (h2 − h3 ) = m& b (h5 − h8 )
m& a (1621 − 166.6 ) = 0.10(1453.5 − 380.7 )
m& a = 0.074 kg s

(a) Q& A = refrigerating effect

Q& A = m& a (h1 − h4 ) = 0.074(1407.3 − 166.6 ) = 91.81 kW

In tons,
91.81
Q& A = = 26.11 tons
3.516

(b) W& = m& a (h2 − h1 ) + m& b (h6 − h5 ) = 0.074(1621 − 1407.3) + 0.10(1680 − 1453.5) = 38.5 kW
CHAPTER 5

Q& 91.81
(c) COP = &A = = 2.38
W 38.5

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