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Drag Coefficient Calculation for Airfoil

This document provides the solution steps to calculate the drag coefficient of an airfoil given the Mach number and airfoil geometry. It involves using oblique shock equations to determine the pressure on the front surface, and isentropic flow equations to determine the pressure on the rear surface. The drag force is then calculated using the pressure difference, and the drag coefficient is calculated using the drag force and flow properties. Key equations and built-in functions are referenced throughout the detailed calculations.

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Raissa Benjamin
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6 views5 pages

Drag Coefficient Calculation for Airfoil

This document provides the solution steps to calculate the drag coefficient of an airfoil given the Mach number and airfoil geometry. It involves using oblique shock equations to determine the pressure on the front surface, and isentropic flow equations to determine the pressure on the rear surface. The drag force is then calculated using the pressure difference, and the drag coefficient is calculated using the drag force and flow properties. Key equations and built-in functions are referenced throughout the detailed calculations.

Uploaded by

Raissa Benjamin
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Problem 13.

206 [Difficulty: 4]

Given: Mach number and airfoil geometry

Find: Drag coefficient

Solution:

The given or available data is: R = 286.9 J/kg.K


k = 1.4
p1 = 95 kPa
M1 = 2
= 0 o

= 10 o

Equations and Computations:

The drag force is

D = (p F - p R)cs tan(/2) (1)

(s and c are the span and chord)

This is obtained from the following analysis

Airfoil thickness (frontal area) = 2s (c /2tan(/2))

Pressure difference acting on frontal area = (p F - p R)

(p F and p R are the pressures on the front and rear surfaces)

2
The drag coefficient is C D = D /(1/2V A ) (2)

But it can easily be shown that

V 2 = pkM 2
Hence, from Eqs. 1 and 2

C D = (p F - p R)tan(/2)/(1/2pkM 2) (3)

For the frontal surfaces (oblique shocks):

We need to find M 1n

The deflection angle is = /2

= 5 o

From M 1 and , and Eq. 13.49


(using built-in function Theta (M , ,k ))

(13.49)

For = 5.0 o

= 34.3 o

(Use Goal Seek to vary  so that  = 5o)

From M 1 and  M 1n = 1.13

From M 1n and p 1, and Eq. 13.48d


(using built-in function NormpfromM (M ,k ))

(13.48d)

p2 = 125.0 kPa

pF = p2

pF = 125.0 kPa
To find M 2 we need M 2n. From M 1n, and Eq. 13.48a
(using built-in function NormM2fromM (M ,k ))

(13.48a)

M 2n = 0.891

The downstream Mach number is then obtained from


from M 2n,  and , and Eq. 13.47b

M 2n = M 2sin( - ) (13.47b)

Hence M2 = 1.82

For p 02 we use Eq. 13.7a


(using built-in function Isenp (M , k ))

(13.7a)

p 02 = 742 kPa

For the rear surfaces (isentropic expansion waves):

Treating as a new problem

Here: M 1 is the Mach number after the shock


and M 2 is the Mach number after the expansion wave
p 01 is the stagnation pressure after the shock
and p 02 is the stagnation pressure after the expansion wave

M 1 = M 2 (shock)

M1 = 1.82
p 01 = p 02 (shock)

p 01 = 742 kPa

For isentropic flow p 0 = constant

p 02 = p 01

p 02 = 742 kPa

For the deflection = 

= 10.0 o

We use Eq. 13.55

(13.55)

and

Deflection = 2 - 1 = (M 2) - (M 1) (3)

From M 1 and Eq. 13.55 (using built-in function Omega (M , k ))

1 = 21.3 o

Applying Eq. 3 2 = 1 + 

2 = 31.3 o

From 2, and Eq. 13.55 (using built-in function Omega(M, k))

For 2 = 31.3 o

M2 = 2.18

(Use Goal Seek to vary M 2 so that 2 = 31.3o)


Hence for p 2 we use Eq. 13.7a
(using built-in function Isenp (M , k ))

p 2 = p 02/(p 02/p 2)

p2 = 71.2 kPa

pR = p2

pR = 71.2 kPa

Finally, from Eq. 1 CD = 0.0177

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