Lab Values – Limitations for Exercise
And Physical Activity*
Blood Glucose 100–250 mg/dL < 100 or >250
limited activity
< 60,000/mm3 no resistive exercise
< 20,000/mm3 AROM, maybe
Platelet Count
walking
< 5,000/mm3 “no activity”
Coumadin Protime (PT) or no exercise
INR > 3
Unfractionated Partial Thromblastin no exercise
Heparin Time (PTT) > 3x
normal range value
= 30%/10 g/dL reduced exercise
capacity
Hemoatocrit (%)/
between markedly reduced
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
24–30%/8–10 g/dL exercise capacity
< 24%/< 8 g/dL no exercise
*Expert consensus
Medications Affecting Responses
To Exercise or Physical Activity 2
Beta Blockers blunts heart rate and blood pressure responses
decreases resting and exercise blood pres-
Calcium Channel
sure response; may cause reflex tachycardia,
Blockers
edema, and/or post-exercise hypotension
Digitalis may cause dysrhythmias and/or tachycardia
may increase heart rate and blood
Bronchodilators pressure; may cause dysrhythmias
(if non-selective ß agonist)
may cause dysrhythmias; may cause fluid
Diuretics
depletion or dehydration
Vasodilators may increase risk of post-exercise hypotension
Additional information is available at [Link]/pfsp.
This document is not intended for use as a patient/client handout.
Physical Fitness for Survivors of Stroke
Neurology and Cardiovascular & Pulmonary Sections of the
American Physical Therapy Association in partnership with the
American Physical Therapy Association
1111 N Fairfax St, Alexandria, VA 22314-1488
[Link]
Supplement to PT Magazine October 2006
Post-stroke
Physical Fitness for Survivors of Stroke
Based on Best Available Evidence
Recommended Exercise Training
Intensity Guidelines for Stroke Survivors1
Target Heart Rate Range
Graded Exercise Test Performed
50–80% of maximal heart rate achieved
No Graded Exercise Test Performed
40–70% of predicted maximal heart rate (220-age)
Formulas for estimating heart rate are inaccurate in
individuals using beta blockers or calcium channel block-
ers. Lower target heart rates may be indicated. For these
individuals, the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion CR 10
(RPE) may be a better indicator of individual work level.
Selection of RPE target should include consideration of
individual’s current fitness level and exercise tolerance.
Target Borg CR10 Range: 3 (Moderate)–4 using
this scale. If using the 6–20 scale, Target Borg Range:
11 (Light)–14.
Borg CR10 Scale
0 Nothing at all
0.3
0.5 Extremely weak Just noticeable
0.7
1 Very weak
1.5
2 Weak Light
2.5
3 Moderate
4
5 Strong Heavy
6
7 Very strong
8
9
10 Extremely strong “Maximal”
11
• Absolute maximum Highest possible
Borg CR10 Scale
©Gunnar Borg 1982, 1998
Important Things to Know2, 3
• 10–15% of individuals s/p CVA may have silent ischemia.
• Individuals with diabetes are more often prone to silent isch-
emia, postural hypotension, and/or blunted heart rate response.
• DVT complications have been reported in 30–75% of stroke survivors.
• 3–5% of people > 65 years old have atrial fibrillation; ~ 15%
of strokes occur in individuals with atrial fibrillation.
When to Monitor Physiologic Responses
To Exercise and Physical Activity2
• History of cardiac disease, valve dysfunction, angina, AND/
OR other cardiac or pulmonary event.
• Presence of 2 or more risk factors for cardiac disease (eg,
smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity,
stress, sedentary lifestyle, family history significant for
cardiac disease, age: men ≥ 45, women ≥ 55).
• Any change in medication regimen.
• Report of new symptoms.
• Progression of exercise program in patient with 2 or more
risk factors AND/OR previous cardiac or pulmonary events
AND/OR low functional capacity.
Contraindications for Exercise
Or Physical Activity 4, 5
Resting HR > 100 bpm or < 50 bpm
Resting SBP > 200 mmHg or < 90 mmHg
Resting DBP > 110 mmHg
Signs
Oxygen Saturation < 90%
cyanosis, diaphoresis, bilateral
edema in a patient with CHF, pallor,
Other fever, weight gain > 4–6 lbs/day,
abnormal change in breath sounds
or heart sounds
SOB, angina, dizziness, severe head-
ache, sudden onset of numbness or
Symptoms
weakness, painful calf suggestive
of DVT
Indications to Terminate Exercise
Or Physical Activity 4, 5
sudden drop > 15 bpm, change
HR from regular to irregular rhythm, or
exceeds HR maximum
> 200 mmHg, decreases to < 90
SBP mmHg, drop > 10 mmHg from
resting or with increasing exercise
Signs
DBP > 110 mmHg
Oxygen Saturation < 90%
cyanosis, diaphoresis, bilateral
edema in a patient with CHF, pallor,
Other
abnormal change in breath sounds
or heart sounds, ataxia
SOB, angina, dizziness, severe head-
Symptoms ache, sudden onset of numbness or
weakness
Assessment of Chest Pain
• Described as pressure, tightness, heaviness, sharp pain, a
squeezing sensation and/or “indigestion.”
• Usually located in chest; may radiate to neck, jaw, mid-
scapular region, and/or arms; may also occur in isolation in
these regions.
• Symptoms may occur with exertion or emotional situations.
• Relieved with rest or nitroglycerine.
• Women present with atypical chest pain more frequently
than men; symptoms may include neck/shoulder pain, nau-
sea, vomiting, fatigue, dyspnea with or without chest pain.
• Chest pain that is reproducible with palpation is likely to be
musculoskeletal in origin.
Angina Scale4
Rating Description of pain/discomfort intensity
1+ Light, barely noticeable
2+ Moderate, bothersome
3+ Severe, very uncomfortable
4+ Most severe pain ever experienced
Assessment of Shortness of Breath
• Exercise produces a disproportionate ventilatory response
AND/OR sensation of dyspnea.
• Upper extremity exercise is more likely to cause SOB in
patients with compromised pulmonary status.
• Observe use of accessory muscles, pallor.
• Assess oxygen saturation.
• Patient may complain of (or present with) orthopnea, par-
oxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, altered respiratory patterns
(eg, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, paradoxical breathing).
Dyspnea Scale
0 Nothing at all
0.5 Very, very slight Just noticeable
1 Very slight
2 Slight Light
3 Moderate
4 Somewhat severe
5 Severe Heavy
6
7 Very severe
8
9
10 Very, very severe Almost maximum
• Maximal
Mahler, D A et al. J Appl Physiol. 2001; 90:2188–2196. Used with permission.
References
1
Gordon NF, Gulanick M, Costa F, Fletcher G, Franklin BA, Roth EJ, Sheph-
ard T. AHA Scientific Statement: Physical Activity and Exercise Recom-
mendations for Stroke Survivors. Circulation. 2004; 109:2031-2041.
2
American Heart Association [Link]
3
American Stroke Association [Link]
4
American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing
and Prescription: 7th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
5
Fletcher BJ et al. Cardiac precautions for non-acute inpatient setting.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1993; 72:140–143.