A2 Chemistry, Unit 5 module 3

Worksheet 6
(AQA past examination questions, Unit 5.4, 5.5)

1. (a) A shared electron pair or a covalent bond (1)

Both electrons from one atom (1)
OR when a Lewis base reacts with a Lewis acid
Mark points separately 2

(b) Two atoms or two points of attachment (1)

Each donating a lone electron pair (1)
OR forms 2 (1) co-ordinate bonds (1)
OR donates two (1) pairs of electrons (1)

2
(c) ClNH3CH2CH2NH3Cl (1)
2+ –
OR (NH3CH2CH2NH3) 2Cl
Allow C2H10N2Cl2 and NH3ClCH2CH2NH3Cl

1
[5]
2. (a) (i) have lone pair (1)
(ii) +3 (1)
6 (1)
(iii) different ligands (1) 4
(b) Tollen’s or diammine silver(I) (1)
+
[Ag(NH3)2] (1) 2
2–
(c) (i) [NiCl4] (1)
2–
(ii) [TiCl6] (1)
–
(iii) [CuCl2] (1) 3

– –
(d) F smaller than Cl (1) 1
[10]

3. (a) effect on reaction rate: catalyst provides an alternative reaction route.; 1

with a lower Ea; 1
more molecules able to react or rate increased; 1
equilibrium: forward and backward rates changes by
the same amount; 1
hence concentration of reactants and
products constant or yield unchanged; 1
(b) heterogeneous: catalyst in a different phase or state to that of the reactants; 1
active site: place where reactants adsorbed or attached or bond etc.; 1
reaction occurs or an explanation of what happens; 1
(allow absorbed)
1
 reasons: large surface area; 1
reduce cost or amount of catalyst; 1
catalyst poison: lead adsorbed; 1
lead not desorbed or site blocked; 1
(lead adsorbed irreversibly scores both of these marks)
(c) reaction slow as: both ions negatively charged or ions repel; 1
2+ 2– 3+ 2–
2Fe + S2O8  2Fe + 2SO4 Species; 1
Balanced; 1
3+ – 2+
2Fe +2I  2Fe + I2 Species ; 1
Balanced; 1
[17]

4. (a) (i) Heterogeneous:- In a different phase to reactants (1)

Catalyst:- Increases reaction rate (1)
Alternative route or route described (1)
Lower Ea (1)
Unchanged at end of reaction (1) Max 4
(ii) Feature:- QoL Variable oxidation states shown by vanadium (1)
Equations V2O5 + SO2  V2O4 + SO3 (1)
2V2O4 + O2  2V2O5 (1) 3 7
+ + – 2+
(b) VO2 + 4H + 3e  V (aq) + 2H2O (1)
2+ –
Zn  Zn + 2e (given)
+ + 2+ 2+
2VO2 + 8H + 3Zn  3Zn + 2V (aq) + 4H2O (1) 2
–4
Mol KMnO4 = mv/1000 = 0.0200 × 38.5/1000 = 7.70 × 10 (1)
–
Mole ratio MnO4 to V(II) = 3:5 deduced
or equation
2+ – + 2+ +
5V + 3MnO4 + 4H  2H2O + 3Mn + 5VO2 (2)
–4 –3
Mol V(II) = 7.70 × 10 × 5/3 (1) = 1.283 × 10
–3
Mass V = 1.283 × 10 × 50.9 (1) = 0.0653 g
% V in sample = 0.06532 × 100/0.160 = 40.8 (1) 6
[15]

5. Iron 1
Heterogeneous; catalyst in a different phase from that of the reactants 1
Poison; a sulphur compound (allow sulphur) 1
Poison strongly adsorbed onto active sites/ blocked 1
Poison not desorbed or reactants not adsorbed or
catalyst surface area reduced 1
[5]

2
6. (a) (Initially slow) because reaction is between two negative ions 1
(or between two negative reactants or two negative species)
Which repel each other 1
2+ 3+
Then Mn (or Mn ) (ions) are formed acting as an autocatalyst (QOL mark) 1
2+
(or answer such as Mn ions formed in the reaction act as a
catalyst)
– + 2– 2+
2MnO4 + 16H + 5C2O4  2Mn + 8H2O + 4CO2 1
– 2+ + 3+
MnO4 + 4Mn + 8H  5Mn + 4H2O 1
2– 3+ 2+
C2O4 + 2Mn  2Mn + 2CO2 1
(Note these equations may gain credit if they have spectator
ions and/or be written as half equations)
(b) Active sites are where reactants are adsorbed onto a catalyst surface 1
(or bind or react on a catalyst surface)
(do not allow absorbed)
(Number of active sites increases if) surface area is increased 1
(or catalyst spread thinly)
(or on honeycomb)
(or powdered)
(or decreased particle size)
Active sites blocked by another species (or poison) 1
(or species adsorbed more strongly)
(or species adsorbed irreversibly)
(or species not desorbed)
(Note, credit any answer that implies blocked but not just active
site ‘poisoned’)
Sulphur (compounds) in Haber process 1
(or lead in a catalytic converter)
(Note do not allow enzymes unless immobilised)
[10]

7. (a) (i) Conc or xs NH3 (1) air or O2 or H2O2 (1)

(ii) Conc (1) HCl (1)
(iii) NaOH (1) H2O2 (1)
(iv) Zn (1) HCl or dil H2SO4 8

(b) Dissolve in dil HCl or dil H2SO4 (1)

add xs (1) Na2CO3 (1)
filter off ppt (1)
or FeCO3 precipitates
Acid must be present to score last 3 marks 4
[12]

3
 2+
8. Formula of P [CO(H2O)6] (1)
Shape of P octahedral (1)
2–
Formula of B [CoCl4] (1)
Shape of B tetrahedral (1)
2+ – 2–
Equation [Co(H2O)6] + 4Cl [CoCl4] + 6H2O (1) 5
[5]
9. (a) (i) Formula of precipitate [Co(OH)2(H2O)4] or Co(OH)2 (1)
Equations
2+
[Co(H2O)6] + 2NH3  [Co(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2NH 4 (2)
2+ – +
or [Co(H2O)6] + 2OH (2H2O)  [Co(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2H2O (2H3O ) (1),
+ –
H2O (H3O ) + NH3  NH 4 + OH (H2O) (1)
2+
(ii) [Co(NH3)6] (1)
2+ –
[Co(OH)2(H2O)4] + 6NH3  [Co(NH3)6] + 4H2O + 2OH (2)
(iii) darkness or goes brown (1)
3+
[Co(NH3)6] (1) 8
[8]

10. (a) (i) LB = electron pair donor (1)

RA = electron donor (1)
–
(ii) Any rn in which Br donates lone pair (1)
2+ –
e.g. [Co(H2O)6] + 4Br  CoBr 24 – + 6H2O
+ –  – – –
H + Br  HBr; CH 3 + Br  CH3Br; AlBr3 + Br  AlBr 4
–
Any rn in which Br acts as RA (1)
– –
e.g. 2Br + Cl2  Br2 + 2Cl ; 2HBr + H2SO4  Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O 4
y y
(b) FeSO4/SO2/H2O2/Fe/stated aldehyde 1 or 2 ROH (1)
acid or dil H2SO4 (above) (1)
+ 2+ 3+ 3+
Cr2O 72 – + 14H + 6Fe  2Cr + 7H2O + 6Fe (2)
or two half-equations
Zn (1) HCl or dil H2SO4 (1)
absence of air (1)
+ 2+ 2+
Cr2O 72 – + 14H + 4Zn  2Cr + 7H2O + 4Zn (2)
or two half-equations 9
(c) green ppt (1) effervescence (1)
[Cr(OH)3(H2O)3] or Cr(OH)3 (1)
ppt (1)
CrCO3 (1) 5
[18]