Scribd
Upload
46 views4 pages

Cell Structures and Functions Overview

This document describes the structures and functions of cell organelles. It outlines organelles that provide protection and support like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and cytoskeleton. It also discusses organelles involved in storing genetic information like the nucleus and chromosomes. Additionally, it examines organelles for production such as ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, and lysosomes. The document also notes organelles for energy processing like mitochondria and organelles for locomotion like cilia and flagella. It concludes by describing specialized plant cell organelles including the cell wall and chloroplasts.

Uploaded by

kruyll vlogs
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views4 pages

Cell Structures and Functions Overview

This document describes the structures and functions of cell organelles. It outlines organelles that provide protection and support like the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and cytoskeleton. It also discusses organelles involved in storing genetic information like the nucleus and chromosomes. Additionally, it examines organelles for production such as ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuoles, and lysosomes. The document also notes organelles for energy processing like mitochondria and organelles for locomotion like cilia and flagella. It concludes by describing specialized plant cell organelles including the cell wall and chloroplasts.

Uploaded by

kruyll vlogs
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

LESSON 3:

CELL
STRUCTURES
AND
FUNCTIONS
Cell Organelles
What are organelles?
–These are internal compartments that carry out specific cell functions.

How are organelles beneficial to the cell?


–They allow the cell to grow larger and become more specialized.

Organelles for Protection and Support


Cell Membrane
–A semi-permeable barrier which regulates the entrance and exit of
substances.

Cytoplasm
–A jelly-like fluid in which the organelles are suspended. It is where most of
the cell’s chemical reaction takes place.
Cytoskeleton
–A network of filaments and tubules which provides mechanical support to
the cell.

Organelles that Stores Genetic


Information
NUCLEUS
–Nucleus: control center; houses DNA;  directs activities of the cell.
–Nucleolus: producing ribosomes.
–Nuclear envelope: encloses the nucleus and its contents.
–Nuclear pore: pore in nucleus; can allow substances (RNA) to leave.

CHROMOSOME
–An organelle containing coils of DNA responsible for our physical
characteristics. Plays an important role during cell division.
Organelles for Production
Ribosomes
–Site for protein synthesis
–link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger
RNA molecules to form polypeptide chains.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
–a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell,
continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and
is involved in protein transport and lipid synthesis.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum


–Synthesizes steroids (lipids)
–Detoxifies poisons (alcohol)
–Transports substances
–Regulates calcium levels for muscle contraction
–Ribosomes are not attached

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum


–Rransports proteins. Ribosomes are attached

Golgi Apparatus
–membrane-bound structure
–an organelle that modifies molecules and packages them into small
membrane-bound sacs called vesicles

Vacuole
–present in both plant and animal cell
–contains mostly water and dissolved nutrients for the cell
Lysosomes
–digest waste materials and food within the cell
–break down molecules into their base components with strong digestive
enzymes.
Organelles for Energy-
Processing
Mitochondria
–Powerhouse of the Cell
–energy production for cells (ATP)
–sites of aerobic respiration
–“mitochondria makes me mighty”

Organelles for Locomotion


Cilia
–Fine, hair-like projections on surfaces of cells
–Aids in cell movementgives protection to the cell
Flagella
–are long, hair-like projections which is used for cell locomotion

Plant Cell: Specialized


Organelles
Cell Wall
–A tough, flexible and rigid layer of the cell besides the cell membrane
–Provides extra layer of protection and support to the cell
Chloroplast
–contains the green pigment called chlorophyll
–used to trap sunlight for photosynthesis to take place

You might also like