LMOIS/ CBSE Aca Year 2020-21
Classwork – 2
Class : VII Sec: … Subject: Maths Topic: Rational Numbers
Name: Roll. No: I. D. No : Date :____
LOWEST FORM OF A RATIONAL NUMBER :
A rational number is said to be in the lowest form or simplest form if p
and q have no common factor other than 1.
In other words, a rational number is said to be in the simplest form, if
the HCF of p and q is 1, i.e., p and q are relatively prime(co-prime).
Example-9. Express the following rational numbers in the lowest
form:
LMOIS/ CBSE Aca Year 2020-21
STANDARD FORM OF A RATIONAL NUMBER :
A rational number is said to be in the standard form,
• if its denominator is a positive integer and
• its numerator and denominator have no common factor other than 1
(co-prime)
In order to express a given rational number in the standard form, we
follow the following steps:
Step I: Obtain the rational number.
Step II: See whether the denominator of the rational number is positive or
not. If it is negative, multiply or divide the numerator and denominator
both by -1 so that the denominator becomes positive.
Step III: Find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the absolute values
of the numerator and the denominator.
LMOIS/ CBSE Aca Year 2020-21
Step IV: Divide the numerator and denominator of the given rational
number by the GCD (HCF) obtained in step III. The rational number so
obtained is the standard form of the given rational number.
Example-10. Express the following rational numbers in the standard form
(i)
Solution:
Step 1: The denominator of is negative.
So, we first make it positive.
Multiplying both numerator and denominator of
by -1, we get
Step 2: HCF of 75 and 180 = 15
Step 3: =
Therefore, is the standard form of
(ii)
Solution:
Step 1: The denominator of is negative.
So, we first make it positive.
LMOIS/ CBSE Aca Year 2020-21
Multiplying both numerator and denominator of by -1, we get
Step 2: HCF of 63 and 119 = 7
Step 3: =
Therefore, is the standard form of
EQUALITY OF RATIONAL NUMBERS:
There are many methods to test equality of rational numbers
METHOD 1 – STANDARD FORM
In order to determine the equality of two rational numbers, we express
both the rational numbers in the standard form.
If they have the same standard form they are equal, otherwise
they are not equal.
Example 11. Check if the rational numbers and are equal.
Solution: Reducing both the rational numbers to the standard form, we get
= =
= =
=
LMOIS/ CBSE Aca Year 2020-21
Since their standard forms are the same,
METHOD 2 – EQUAL DENOMINATORS
In this method, denominators of the given rational numbers are made equal
by using the following steps:
Step I: Obtain the two numbers.
Step II: Multiply the numerator and denominator of the first number by
the denominator of the second number.
Step III: Multiply the numerator and denominator of the second number
by the denominator of the first number.
Step IV: Check the numerators of the two numbers obtained in steps II
and III. If their numerators are equal, then the given rational numbers are
equal, otherwise they are not equal.
Example 12. Are the rational numbers and equal ?
Solution:
LMOIS/ CBSE Aca Year 2020-21
METHOD 3 – CROSS MULTIPLICATION
• In this method, to determine the equality of two rational numbers
and , we use the following result:
⇔ a×d=b×c
⇔ Numerator of first × Denominator = Denominator of first × Numerator
of second of second
Example 13. Are the rational numbers and equal ?
Solution:
The given rational numbers are and
Numerator of first × Denominator of second = (-8) × (-24) = 192
Denominator of first × Numerator of second = 32 × 6 = 192
Here,
Numerator of 1st × Denominator of 2nd = Denominator of 1st × Numerator of 2nd
Therefore, =
