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Crystal Structure Analysis Tutorial

The document is a tutorial on crystal structure from an electrical and computer engineering course at the University of Waterloo. It contains examples of crystal structures including the bond length and density of silicon, maximum wavelength for x-ray diffraction, lattice spacing and angles for silicon planes, atomic concentration and lattice parameters for silicon and germanium, number of atoms per unit volume and density calculations for materials, and calculations for atomic densities on different crystal planes and molecules per unit volume for silicon dioxide.

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Mukesh Kumar
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6 views2 pages

Crystal Structure Analysis Tutorial

The document is a tutorial on crystal structure from an electrical and computer engineering course at the University of Waterloo. It contains examples of crystal structures including the bond length and density of silicon, maximum wavelength for x-ray diffraction, lattice spacing and angles for silicon planes, atomic concentration and lattice parameters for silicon and germanium, number of atoms per unit volume and density calculations for materials, and calculations for atomic densities on different crystal planes and molecules per unit volume for silicon dioxide.

Uploaded by

Mukesh Kumar
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial - 01

Crystal Structure
ECE:209 (Electronic and Electrical Properties of Materials)
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
University of Waterloo

Answers

3. Bond length = 0.235 nm


Density = 2.33 g cm-3

4. Maximum wavelength = 0.4 nm

8. {100}
0.291 nm
12.6°

9. a) Atomic concentration = 6.415 × 1028 m-3


Lattice parameter = 0.3147 nm
Atomic radius = 0.1363 nm

b) Atomic concentration = 5.901 × 1028 m-3


Lattice parameter = 0.4077 nm
Atomic radius = 0.1442 nm

10. a) Number of atoms per unit volume = 6.303 × 1028 m-3


Density = 19.23 × 103 kg m-3

b) Number of atoms per unit volume = 6.64 × 1028 m-3


Density = 21.51 × 103 kg m-3

11. a) Density = 5 × 1028 m-3


Atomic concentration = 2.33 × 103 kg m-3

b) Density = 4.44 × 1028 m-3


Atomic concentration = 5.33 × 103 kg m-3
13. a) 50.0 atoms/nm3
b) n100 = 6.78 atoms/nm2 or 6.78 × 1018 atoms/m2
n110 = 9.59 atoms/nm2 or 9.59 × 1018 atoms/m2
n111 = 7.83 atoms/nm2 or 7.83 × 1018 atoms/m2

c) Solution:

Molar mass of SiO2: Mat = 28.09 × 10-3 kg/mol + 2 × 16 × 10-3 kg/mol = 60.09 × 10-3
kg/mol
Density of SiO2: ρ = 2.27 × 103 kg m-3
Let n be the number of SiO2 molecules per unit volume, then:
M at
ρ =n
NA

∴ n=
N Aρ
=
( )(
6.022 × 10 23 mol−1 2.27 × 103 kg m −3 )
= 2.27 × 1028 molecules per m3
M at ( −3
60.09 × 10 kg/mol )
Or, converting to molecules per nm3:
2.27 ×10 28 molecules/m 3
n= = 22.7 molecules per nm 3
(10 9
nm/m )
3

Oxide has less dense packing so it has a more open structure. For every 1 micron
of oxide formed on the crystal surface, only about 0.5 micron of the Si crystal is
consumed

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