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Understanding Solids, Liquids, and Gases

There are three main states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, with particles tightly packed together. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a fixed volume, with particles more loosely packed than solids but closer than gases. Gases have no fixed shape or volume, with particles very far apart and able to move freely past one another. The ability to flow and compressibility increase from solids to liquids to gases as the intermolecular forces and distances between particles decrease and increase respectively.

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142 views4 pages

Understanding Solids, Liquids, and Gases

There are three main states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, with particles tightly packed together. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a fixed volume, with particles more loosely packed than solids but closer than gases. Gases have no fixed shape or volume, with particles very far apart and able to move freely past one another. The ability to flow and compressibility increase from solids to liquids to gases as the intermolecular forces and distances between particles decrease and increase respectively.

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proma
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Science- Solid, Liquid and Gas

1. What are the Three States of Matter?


 The three primary states of matter are the solid, liquid, and gaseous states.

Three States of Matter with Examples


There are three states of matter and below are the description of various states of matter:

Solids:
 retains a fixed volume and shape. The particles are rigid - particles locked into
place
 not easily compressible as they have little free space between particles
 does not flow . The particles are fixed - particles cannot move/slide past one
another
Example: Iron (Fe), wood

2. Liquids
 The molecules in a liquid are closely packed due to weak intermolecular forces.

 These forces are weaker than solids but stronger than that of gases.

 The molecules in liquid flows easily


particles can move/slide past one anotherTakes the shape of the part of the
container which it occupies
particles can move/slide past one another
 Liquids are not easily compressible because they have very little free space
between particles
 Example: Water (H2O)

3. Gases
 In this state of matter, distances between the molecules are large
 Gases do not have any fixed shape or volume- particles can move past one another
vey easily.
 Are compressible- they have lots of free space between particles
 Gas flows easily- particles can move past one another very easily

Example: Oxygen (O2)

Q. How is matter made up?


Ans: Matter is also composed of small particles. Atoms are the particles that makeup matter. Because
they are so small you can’t see atoms. Most atoms come together to make up the substance you can
see.

Q. What is an atom?
Ans: An atom is the smallest particle of an element.
Complete the following table:

Property Solid Liquid Gas

How easy is it As in solid, particles are It is very easy to pour, as the Gas cannot be poured,
to pour? packed together , it makes it particles in liquid are close because the particles in gas
hard to pour. together and takes the shape are far apart from each other.
of the container. 

How easy is it Solid have fixed shape and Liquid is easier to compress The atoms & molecules in
to compress? because the particles are than solid because it is less gases are much more spread
already packed together, it’s densely packed. out than in solid which makes
difficult to compress. it easier to compress.

How close Particles in solid are very Particles are less close Particles in gas are well
together are close together and are together than in solid. separated
the particles? tightly packed.

How are the Particles are regularly Particles are randomly Particles are randomly
particles arranged arranged arranged
arranged?

Give two  Iron, Table Water, Orange juice  Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen
examples of
each

Q. What are Changes of State?


A change of state is a physical change in a matter. They are reversible changes and do not

involve any changes in the chemical makeup of the matter. Common changes of the state include

melting, freezing, sublimation, deposition, condensation, and vaporization.


Q. Why do Phase Changes Occur?
When temperature or pressure change of a system occurs, phase changes occur. When the

temperature or pressure increases, the interaction between the molecules increases. Similarly,

when the temperature decreases, it is easier for molecules and atoms to settle into a more rigid

structure.

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