Downloaded from [Link].

com

Republic of the Philippines

Department of the Education
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS

Unit of Competency: Package Prepared Food Stuff

Module No.: 6 Module Title: Packaging Prepared Food Stuff

0
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Downloaded from [Link]

Module Title: Packaging Prepared Food Stuff Page

What is the module about?…………………………………………………….……………1

What will you learn? ………………………………………………………………………….1
What do you already know? ……………………………………………………………….1
Lesson 1 – Ensuring Suitable Packaging, Storing
and Transporting of Food ………………………………..……..……….3
What is the lesson about?.................................................................................3
What will you learn? ……………………………………………………………………...….3
Let us study……………………………………………………………………………………..3
Let us remember …………………………………………………………………………..….6
Let us apply what you have learned ……………………………………………………...7
Resources…………………………………………………………………………………….….7
References……………………………………………………………………………………….7
Lesson 2 – Selecting Appropriate Packaging Material
to Specific Food Stuff……………………......………………….………..8
What is the lesson about?.................................................................................8
What will you learn? ………………………………………………………………………....8
Let us study…………………………………………………………………………………….8
Let us remember …………………………………………………………………………….11
How much have you learned?.........................................................................11
Let us apply what you have learned ……………………………………………………11
Resources………………………………………..…………………………………………...11
Lesson 3 – Packaging Food According to Needs…………………………….………..12
What is the lesson about?..............................................................................12
What will you learn? ……………………………………………………………………....12
Let us study…………………………………………………………………………………..12
Let us remember …………………………………………………………………………....13
How much have you learned?.........................................................................13
Let us apply what you have learned ……………………………………………………13
Resources………………………………………..…………………………………………...13
References…………………………………………………………………………………….13
Pre Test………………………………………………………………………………………..14
Key to Corrections………………………………………………………………………….16
4-m-6
Downloaded from [Link]

Republic of the Philippines

Department of the Education
PUBLIC TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOLS

Unit of Competency: Package Prepared Food Stuff

Module No.: 6 Module Title: Packaging Prepared Food Stuff

0
Downloaded from [Link]

WHAT IS THIS MODULE ABOUT?

The module covers the skills, knowledge and attitudes required

to packaging prepared foodstuffs. It includes storing and transporting
of foods.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?

After completing this module, you should be to:

1. ensure suitable packaging, storing and transporting food;
2. select packaging appropriate to specific food; and
3. package food according to needs.

WHAT DO YOU KNOW?

Let us determine how much knowledge you have on packaging

prepared foodstuff. Read each of the following questions carefully and
choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in your test
notebook.

Pre-test
DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the correct answer to complete the
Sentence and write in your answer sheet.

1. The art, science, and technology of preparing goods for

transport and sale is________
a. containerization
b. food packaging
c. food produce
d. harvesting

2. The following micro orgainism best thrive in high moisture

Except one.
a. bacteria
b. botulinum
c. molds
d. yeast

3. What package is used for transporting bulk products?

a. containerization
b. primary
c. secondary
d. tertiary

1
Downloaded from [Link]

4. The process in which foods change in texture, flavor, odor, and

color
a. bacterial changes
b. chemical changes
c. mechanical changes
d. microbial changes

5. This simply indicates the inverse amount of hydrogen available

In the food system
a. fat content
b. initial microbial food
c. moisture content
d. pH of food

6. This term refer to packaging in barge standardized containers for

Efficient shipping and handling
a. aseptically
b. bulk
c. containerization
d. packaging

7. Which of the following flexible packaging is made from

Wood pulp?
a. cellophane
b. glass
c. metal
d. paper

8. Packaging material which is made from limestone, sand, soda

and ash.
a. cellophane
b. glass
c. metal
d. paper

9. A thin and transport material that is made of cellulose and

Contains variable amount of water and softener.
a. cellophane
b. glass
c. metal
d. paper

10. This packaging material is man made polymers of very high

Molecular weight.
a. cellophane
b. glass
c. metal
d. plastic

2
Downloaded from [Link]

LESSON 1

ENSURING SUITABLE PACKAGING, STORING AND

TRANSPORTING OF FOOD

WHAT IS THIS LESSON ABOUT?

The lesson deals with ensuring suitable packaging, storing and

transporting of food. It includes hygiene practices and food safety
regulatory on the storage and transportation of food.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. control portion practices and principles; and
2. practice hygiene and food safety regulatory on storage
and transportation of food.

LET US STUDY

Containerization – to package in large standardized containers

or efficient shipping and handling
Bulk – size, mass or volume especially when very large

Aseptically – free of pathogenic micro organism hazard

a possible source of danger

Food Packaging has been defined by paine (1962) as the “art

science and technology of preparing goods for transport and sale”.
More specifically, it is a way of making sure that a product reaches
the end user in good condition at the least cost to the producer. In
effect, a packaging material provides the means of transporting a
product from one place to another with maximum protection at the
least cost. With this in mind, one may note, that in agricultural
nations, the first function of packaging lies in its ability to contain
agricultural products from the time of harvest to the point of use by
the consumer. Basic knowledge of food packaging would at once
appear most important. Post harvest handling, which includes choice
of packages, plays a major role in the guest for maximum utilization of
farm produce. For example fruits as sensitive as strawberries need
very protective containers from the time of harvest to the time they are
package for sale. This need for effective protection is generally true for

3
Downloaded from [Link]
the most fruits and vegetables it is known that much farm losses are
traceable to poor handling and containerization in the farm site.
Portion control practices and principles

A package is expected to perform three major functions;

a) To contain – During harvest at the farm site, packages could

mean crates, baskets, boxes and the like to contain the farm
produce in bulk. These are also necessary to allow for stacking
the products in their containers for storage at the warehouse or
while awaiting transport, distribution or actual use.
At the food processing plant, the function of the
Package changes from concern mainly with bulk containers to
Its use as a unit pack. Users of food product for household
Consumption may need the goods in smaller packages.
Consumers generally have varied volume requirements for food
Products. Hence, packages are made to fit their need by
Allowing them to contain different quantities of food.

b) To protect – When rough handling of perishable foods are

minimized, speed of deterioration slows down. This is clearly
observed with the farm products which have been given effective
protection through proper use of the right containers.

c) To help sell – Some authorities say that more than 60% of the
cost of its package. This is especially so for bottled soft drinks,
aseptically packed fruit juices, wines in ceramic bottles, etc.
generally, consumers get attracted first to beauty, novelty or
additional utility of packaging materials. Many chocolate
candies outsell each other through their package presentations.
The package itself helps in product promotion. The more
Attractive it is, the greater the chances it will be noticed.

Storing and transporting of food

This is particularly important in designing the shipping

container. One has to consider:

a) The hazards of loading and unloading

b) Movement in vehicles
c) The warehousing methods and the environmental conditions
like relative humidity and temperature changes.

4
Downloaded from [Link]

Food is packed in terms of quality, shelf life, microbial condition

And portion control. Spoilage of food is caused by poor packaging of
food.

a) pH of food- it simply indicates the inverse amount of hydrogen

ion available in the food system. This often times associated
with acidity of food. Thus, foods with high amounts of
hydrogen ion have low pH and this is considered to have
acidic taste. For instance, green mangoes have generally
lower pH (Ph below 4.0) and therefore have high acidity.

b) Moisture content – this is related to the physical state of the

food itself. Products with very high moisture could be those
in liquid form, while those with very low free moisture could
be dried or frozen. This product component is very important
relative to food spoilage. The higher the moisture content, the
greater the chances for microbial growth and chemical
changes.

c) Amount and nature of fat content – chemical processes also

accelerate breakdown of fats on food. Thus, products with
high fat content like oils, butter, soft cheese, fried foods and
the like tend to spoil fast when inadequately packaged.
Exposure to the atmosphere causes rapid oxidation breaking
down the fat into free fatty acids in food. The faster the
breakdown, the greater the chances of development of
rancidity.

d) Enzyme system – is a chemical processes like fermentation

and hydrolysis occur in high moisture food, especially in the
presence of oxygen of ambient tropical temperature. When
foods undergo these processes, they change in texture,
flavor, odor and color. Under these conditions, the product
may already be considered spoiled.

e) Initial Microbial load – micro organisms thrive best in high

moisture foods. Thus, molds, yeast, and bacteria grow fastest
in food with the hight moisture content.

Terms

Rancidity

Hydrolysis

5
Downloaded from [Link]
Ambient

A package can be classified according to its use as follows;

a) As a primary package – this type of package is meant to

directly contain the product. Hence, it gets in direct contact
with the goods. Thus, for food, this package is expected to
meet all the requirements for safety and protection of the
consumers, tetra packs or canned food packages

b) As a secondary package – this is utilized to contain a specified

number of unit packs. Thus, it may contain a dozen tetra
packs or 2 dozen of tin cans or a gross of candies and so on.
Its major function is to allow for the unit packs to be carried
in bulk.

c) As a tertiary package – when transporting in bulk, the

secondary package may have to be packed again for greater
protection and for bulk transfer. Use of tertiary package is
normally for bulk transport or storage in large warehouse.

LET US REMEMBER

It may thus, be again recalled that the three major functions of

packaging material are to contain, to protect, and to help sell the
product.

6
Downloaded from [Link]

LET US APPLY WHAT YOU WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. Present/demonstrate classification of food packaging:

-primary
-secondary
-tertiary

2. Make a report on how to pack food according to the criteria

In food packaging

RESOURCES

 Supplies and material

- Boxes
- Plastic or cellphone
- Aluminum foil
- Packaging
- Plastic containers

 Equipment

- Refrigeration
- Freezer

REFERENCES

- Modules
- Hand-outs
- Brochures

Gatchalian, M. M. De Leon, S.Y.,

Introduction to Food Technology
pp. 336-374

7
Downloaded from [Link]

LESSON 2

SELECTING APPROPRIATE PACKAGING MATERIAL TO SPECIFIC

FOODSTUFF

WHAT IS THE LESSON ABOUT?

The lesson deals with selecting packaging, appropriate to

different food items.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Perform safe packaging within food safety requirements and

regulations; and
2. Select and use suitable packaging materials and methods
for different food items,

LET US STUDY

Compatible – capable of existing of functioning well with another

Lump - an irregularly shaped mass or piece

Impermeable – impossible to spread or pass through

Requirements for packaging

There are a number of packaging materials available to the

manufacturer. In choosing, it would be wise to consider the
requirement for packaging of food.

1. It must be simple and expensive. Packaging is and added

cost to the product; hence, its cost should be compatible
with the value of the product. Also, bear in mind that the
consumer is usually interested only in the product and
not in its package.

8
Downloaded from [Link]

2. It must preferably be transparent and have glossy surfaces

to attract consumer. Consumers prefer to see what they are
buying, otherwise, they would think that they are being
cheated. Hence, products which are sensitive to light should
be packed in transparent material. Foods which are rich in
fat may be wrapped or contained in materials which is not
transparent.

3. It must have control over transfer or moisture. Flour mixes

or soup mixes must be packed in a material does not allow
entry of water vapor from the atmosphere to prevent
lumping or caking. Some foods are allowed to escape their
moisture to avoid sweating and condensation of water vapor.

4. It must have control over transfer of other gases/vapors.

Fruits and vegetables continue to respire after harvest a
process where they give up oxygen may result to
fermentation and too high carbon dioxide may injure fruits.
In some instances, where the packaging material does not
allow adequate gas transfer, it may be perforated.

5. It must be protect the food from crushing. This is

particularly important for the shipping of secondary
container.

6. It must not contain any toxic constituents. This is especially

important if the material comes in direct contact with the
food.

7. It must be able to withstand a wide temperature range in

storage and use. Frozen foods must be packed in material
that can tolerate storage temperature of 18% or lower.

9
Downloaded from [Link]

Characteristics of different packaging material

1. Flexible packaging
a) Cellophane – a thin and transparent material that is made
of cellulose and contains variable amount of water
and softener. Cellophane is used to wrap baked good
confectionary, snack foods, processed meats, coffee
and tea, pasta products and wet produce

b) Plastics – are man made polymers of very high molecular

weight. Because of their excellent physical properties
(e.g. strength and toughness), flexibility light weight
and resistance to cracking, plastics have found wide
applications in the food industry. The basic polymer
material with the necessary additives can be
converted into various forms: films, trays, tubs,
pouches, sachets, blister packs and shrink wraps.

c) Paper and paperboard – are materials made from wood

pulp. The former is usually thinner than the latter,
possesses less rigidity and strength, and is more
flexible. Initially, paper was only used for dry foods
because it could not retain its strength under wet
conditions. Nowadays, has improved its manufacture
which made it resistant to moisture, gases and grease.

10
Downloaded from [Link]
2. Rigid packaging materials – the world rigid connotes
hardness and inflexibility. This describes those packaging
materials which are pre-formed, generally cannot be folded
and has a definite volume for its content. They are classified.

a. Glass – made from limestone, sand, soda, and ash. These

components are melted together at a room
temperature of about 1527.8˚C (2800 ˚F) in a very
large surface. Glass is chemically insert that is does
not react with the food. Once sealed, it is impermeable
to moisture and gases. It may also be reclosed after
opening.
b. Metal – tinplate and aluminum belong to this group. Tin
cans are not as chemically insert as glass containers.
They can corrode with time and impart a “thinning
flavor and an off-color to food. Tin cans are lighter
than glass containers. They are not prone to thermal
shock. Upon sealing, it is imposible to gases and
moisture. Aluminum on the other hand, is widely used
as cans, as foil wrapper for dairy products (butter,
chesse) and chocolate, as a component of laminates
and as tubes. An aluminum can is lighter in weight
than a tin can. Aluminum is non toxic and is a good
barrier to light, gas, moisture and odors.

LET US REMEMBER

When packing food products, the type of packaging materials

and its characteristics must be considered. Different food products
need different type of packaging materials

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following questions:

1. What are the types of packaging materials?

2. Identify the characteristics and uses of packaging materials.

LET US APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Directions:
1. Present different types of packaging materials.
2. Identify the characteristics of each type.

RESOURCES:
Supplies and materials
- Boxes
- Cellophane
- Aluminum foil
- Plastic containers

11
Downloaded from [Link]
LESSON 3

PACKAGING FOOD ACCORDING TO NEEDS

WHAT IS THE LESSON ABOUT?

The lesson deals with packaging food according to needs.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. Pack food in compliance with hygiene, occupational

health and safety and local health regulations
requirements;

2. Observe environmental requirements for food packaging;

3. Adapt appropriate packaging procedures according to

enterprise specifications; and

4. Label the food according to Philippine regulations.

LET US STUDY

Some suggestions on how to store and transport food safely and

hygienically:

1. Use clean and sturdy wooden pallets, stack the cartons on

The pallets properly.

2. Improperly or disorganized stacking may cause uneven

distribution of weight that may damage stocks.
3. When transporting cartons, stack them tightly to avoid
unnecessary movement inside the truck during
transport. On joint shipment with other products like
canned goods, stack the cartons on top.

12
Downloaded from [Link]
Designing a Package for Food

One has to consider three things about the food product when
designing a package.

1. Product properties – consider the factors of potential

“damageability” of the product to be packaged.

2. Method of distribution – one has to consider

 Hazards of loading and unloading
 Movement in vehicles
 Warehousing methods and the environmental
conditions like relative humidity and temperature
changes.

LET US REMEMBER

Food is packed in compliance with hygienic practices, food safety

regulations on storing and transporting food and the design required for
food packaging areas.

HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?

On a separate sheet, explain clearly and briefly the following:

1. What are the hygiene and food safety practices for storing
and transporting food?
2. What is the best functional food packaging design?

LET US APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Direction:
1. Create guidelines on hygienic practices for storing and
transporting food?
2. What is the best functional food packaging design?

RESOURCES
Supplies and materials
- Plastics
- Cellophane
- Aluminum foil
- Cling wrap/ dining wrap
- Boxes
- Packaging tapes
- Plastic containers
-
REFERENCES

Gatchalian, M. M., De Leon S.Y.,. Introduction to Food Technology

13
Downloaded from [Link]
Pre-test
DIRECTION: Choose the letter of the correct answer to complete the
Sentence and write in your answer sheet.

2. The art, science, and technology of preparing goods for

transport and sale is________
e. containerization
f. food packaging
g. food produce
h. harvesting

2. The following micro orgainism best thrive in high moisture

Except one.
e. bacteria
f. botulinum
g. molds
h. yeast

3. What package is used for transporting bulk products?

e. containerization
f. primary
g. secondary
h. tertiary

4. The process in which foods change in texture, flavor, odor, and

color
e. bacterial changes
f. chemical changes
g. mechanical changes
h. microbial changes

5. This simply indicates the inverse amount of hydrogen available

In the food system
e. fat content
f. initial microbial food
g. moisture content
h. pH of food

14
Downloaded from [Link]

6. This term refer to packaging in barge standardized containers for

Efficient shipping and handling
c. aseptically
d. bulk
c. containerization
d. packaging

7. Which of the following flexible packaging is made from

Wood pulp?
e. cellophane
f. glass
g. metal
h. paper

8. Packaging material which is made from limestone, sand, soda

and ash.
a. cellophane
b. glass
c. metal
d. paper

9. A thin and transport material that is made of cellulose and

Contains variable amount of water and softener.
a. cellophane
b. glass
c. metal
d. paper

10. This packaging material is man made polymers of very high

Molecular weight.
a. cellophane
b. glass
c. metal
d. plastic

15
Downloaded from [Link]

Key to Correction

Pre-test and Post-test

1. b
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. d
6. c
7. d
8. b
9. a
10.d

16