39
CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF EIGHT STORIES RCC BUILDING
3.1. Building Information
The proposed reinforced concrete superstructure is Special Moment- Resisting
Frame. It is eight-storeyed reinforced concrete building. The typical floor and the
elevation plan are shown in Figure 3.1 and 3.2.
According to YCDC regulations, footing edge to be at least 4ft from property
line. In this proposed building, distance from footing edge at the sides to the centre of
exterior column is taken as 4ft. It is assumed that there is enough space such
limitation do not control at the front and at the rear.
Roofing slope is 16 degree with roofing material. 2100 gallons of water tank
are to be placed located on the unroofed slab directly above the bath and water closet.
A dimension of tank on the roof slab is 4ft wide. Ground tanks are to be provided on
the mat and under the ground floor, which is 7ft depth of water (≈450 psf ) under the
stairs. RC floor slab is to be used over the ground tank area only.
Type of structure : eight-storeyed reinforced concrete building
Location : Seismic zone 4
Type of occupancy : Residential
Shape of building : Rectangular shape
Size of building : Length = 70 ft
Width = 52 ft
Height of building : Typical story height = 9.5 ft
Bottom story height = 15 ft
Total height = 81.5 ft
3.2 Material Properties of the Structure
Analysis property data
Weight per unit volume = 150 pcf
Modulus of elasticity = 3122 ksi
40
Poisson's ratio = 0.2
Coefficient of thermal expansion = 5.5 x 10-6 in/ in per degree Fahrenheit
Design property data.
Reinforcing yield stress (fy) = 50, 000 psi
'
Concrete cylinder strength ( f c ) = 3, 000 psi
3.3. Loading
For the proposed building, gravity loads, wind loads and earthquake loads are
considered according to the UBC-97 specifications. These loads are shown in detail as
follows:
3.3.1. Dead Loads
Data for dead loads are as follows:
Unit weight of concrete = 150 pcf
1
4 2 inches thick brick wall weight = 50 psf
9 Inches thick brick wall weight = 100 psf
Superimposed dead load for wall = 20 psf
Water weight = 250 psf (considered 4ft height)
Roof and ceiling system = 10 psf
1
4 2 inches thick topping on slab = 20 psf
3.3.2. Live Loads
Data for live loads are as follows:
Live load on balcony = 60 psf
Live load on stair-case = 100 psf
Live load on floor = 40 psf
Live load on roof = 20 psf
3.3.3. Wind Load
Required data for wind loads are as follows:
Exposure type = Type C
Windward pressure coefficient = 0.8
Leeward pressure coefficient = 0.5
Wind speed = 80 mph
41
Overall height = 81.5 ft
Effective width = 40 ft
Effective length = 69 ft
Method used = Normal Force Method
Importance factor = 1.0
3.3.4. Earthquake Load
Required data for earthquake loads are as follows:
Type of seismic zone = 4
Structural system = SMRF
Seismic zone factor, Z = 0.4
Response modification factor, R = 8.5
Seismic importance factor, I = 1.0
Soil profile type = SD
Seismic response coefficient, Ca = 0.44 Na
Seismic response coefficient, Cv = 0.64 Nv
Seismic source type = B
Near source factor, Na = 1.0
Near source factor, Nv = 1.0
Numerical coefficient, Ct = 0.03
42
52 '
20 ' 12 ' 20 '
4'
4.25' 4.25'
12 '
7' 7'
14 '
4' 4'
14 '
70 '
14 '
4' 4'
16 '
4'
9.5 ' 9.5 '
Figure 3.1. Typical Floor Plan of Proposed Building
43
Roof slope = 16 degree
4'
9.5'
9.5'
9.5'
9.5'
9.5'
9.5'
15'
Fig 3.2 Front View of Proposed Building
Fig 3.3 Back View of Proposed Building
44
Water tank
Fig 3.4 Section View of Proposed Building
4' height
parapet
Fig 3.5 Roof Plan of Proposed Building
45
Fig 3.6. 3D View of Proposed Building
Fig 3.7. Ground Floor Column Layout Plan of Proposed Building
46
Fig 3.8. Ground Beam Layout Plan of Proposed Building
Fig 3.9. Typical Beam Layout Plan of Proposed Building
47
Fig 3.10 Ground Floor Beam Grid Layout Plan of Proposed Building
Fig 3.11 Typical Floor Beam Grid Layout Plan of Proposed Building
48
Figure 3.12. 3-D Structural View of Proposed Building
3.4. Loading Combinations
According to the ACI 318-99, design load combinations for proposed building
in zone 4 and soil profile type SD are as follows:
(a) 1.4 DL
(b) 1.4 DL + 1.7 LL
(c) 1.05 DL + 1.275 LL + 1.275 WX
(d) 1.05 DL + 1.275 LL - 1.275 WX
(e) 1.05 DL + 1.275 LL + 1.275 WY
(f) 1.05 DL + 1.275 LL - 1.275 WY
(g) 0.9 DL + 1.3 WX
(h) 0.9 DL - 1.3 WX
(i) 0.9 DL + 1.3 WY
(j) 0.9 DL - 1.3 WY
(k) 1.05 DL + 1.28 LL + EQX
(l) 1.05 DL + 1.28 LL - EQX
(m) 1.05 DL + 1.28 LL + EQY
(n) 1.05 DL + 1.28 LL - EQY
49
(o) 0.9 DL + 1.02 EQX
(p) 0.9 DL - 1.02 EQX
(q) 0.9 DL + 1.02 EQY
(r) 0.9 DL - 1.02 EQY
(s) 1.19 DL + 1.28 LL + EQX
(t) 1.19 DL + 1.28 LL - EQX
(u) 1.19 DL + 1.28 LL + EQY
(v) 1.19 DL + 1.28 LL - EQY
(w) 0.757 DL + 1.02 EQX
(x) 0.757 DL - 1.02 EQX
(y) 0.757 DL + 1.02 EQY
(z) 0.757 DL - 1.02 EQY
where,
DL = dead load
LL = live load
WX = wind load in X-direction
WY = wind load in Y-direction
EQX = earthquake load in X-direction
EQY = earthquake load in Y-direction
3.5. Analysis and Design of Model
The proposed building is 8-storeyed reinforced concrete building and located
in seismic zone 4. The applied loads are gravity loads (dead load, live load,
superimposed dead load) and lateral loads (earthquake load, wind load). Earthquake
and wind loading data are referenced by using UBC-97. Wind exposure type B and
wind speed 80 mph are considered for proposed building. The design results for
proposed building are described in this chapter.
3.6. Design Results For Beam
Design results for beam sections are mentioned in Table 3.1 to 3.19. In this
study, main beam and secondary beam are used in ground floor and roof slab, first
floor to seventh floor beam are used only in spandrel beam( perimeter beams).
50
Table 3.1. Beam Sections
Storey Level Location Beam Size
B7-B'7 9X9
A2-A3 10X12
A1-B1 10X14
B'6-B'7 10X16
Ground Floor
C6-C7 12X18
A'3-B3 14X20
A'8-B8 20X24
B7-B8 20X24(SHORT)
B3-C3 14X22
B'7-B'8 12X18
1st floor to 3rd floor C2-D2 14X22
A2-A3 20X24
C7-C8 22X24
B3-C3 10X14
B'7-B'8 12X18
A2-B2 14X22
4th floor to 7th floor
A7-B7 14X24
A4-A5 18X22
C7-C8 20X24
B8-C8 9X9
B7-C7 10X12
RF A'6-B6 10X14
D4-D5 12X16
B6-B7 12X18
Table 3.2. Ground Floor Beam Steel Schedule
Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Location Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right
B7-B'7 9X9 2#5 2#5 2#5 2#5 2#5 2#5 0
A2-A3 10X12 3#6 2#6 3#6 2#6 2#6 2#6 0
A1-B1 10X14 4#6 2#6 4#6 2#6 2#6 2#6 2#3
B'6-B'7 10X16 2#6 2#6 2#6 2#6 2#6 2#6 0
51
(continued Table 3.2)
C6-C7 12X18 4#6 2#6 4#6 3#6 3#6 3#6 2#4
A'3-B3 14X20 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A'8-B8 20X24 6#6 4#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4
B7-B8 20X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4
(SHORT)
Table 3.3. Ground Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule
Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B7-B'7 9X9 #2 @ 4" #2 @ 4" #2 @ 4"
A2-A3 10X12 #2 @ 5" #2@ 5" #2 @ 5"
A1-B1 10X14 #2 @ 6" #2 @ 6" #2 @ 6"
B'6-B'7 10X16 #2 @ 6.5" #2 @ 6.5" #2 @ 6.5"
C6-C7 12X18 #3 @ 7.5" #3 @ 7.5" #3 @ 7.5"
A'3-B3 14X20 #3 @ 7.5" #3 @ 7.5" #3 @ 7.5"
A'8-B8 20X24 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
B7-B8 20X24(SHORT
#3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
)
Table 3.4. First Floor Beam Steel Schedule
Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Location Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right
B3-C3 14X22 8#6 4#6 8#6 8#6 4#6 8#6 2#4
B'7-B'8 12X18 3#6 3#6 3#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
C2-D2 14X22 8#6 4#6 8#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A2-A3 20X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 5#6 5#6 5#6 4#4
C7-C8 22X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 5#6 5#6 5#6 4#4
52
Table 3.5. First Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule
Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 14X22 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A2-A3 20X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
Table 3.6. Second Floor Beam Steel Schedule
Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right
B3-C3 14X22 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
C7-C8 12X18 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4
C2-D2 14X22 8#6 4#6 8#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A2-A3 20X24 6#6 4#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4
C7-C8 22X24 6#6 4#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4
Table 3.7 Second Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule
Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A2-A3 20X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
Table 3.8. Third Floor Beam Steel Schedule
Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 3#5 2#5 3#5 2#5 2#5 2#5 2#4
53
(continued Table 3.8)
C7-C8 12X18 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#5 2#5 2#5 2#4
C2-D2 14X22 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
D5-D6 20X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4
C7-C8 22X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#4
Table 3.9. Third Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule
Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
C7-C8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
D5-D6 20X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
Table 3.10. Fourth Floor Beam Steel Schedule
Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4
B'7-B'8 12X18 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4
C2-D2 14X22 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A7-B7 14X24 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A4-A5 18X24 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4
C7-C8 22X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#4
Table 3.11. Fourth Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule
Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
(continued Table 3.11)
54
A7-B7 14X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A4-A5 18X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
Table 3.12. Fifth Floor Beam Steel Schedule
Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4
B'7-B'8 12X18 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4
C2-D2 14X22 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A7-B7 14X24 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A4-A5 18X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4
C7-C8 22X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#4
Table 3.13. Fifth Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule
Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A7-B7 14X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A4-A5 18X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
Table 3.14. Sixth Floor Beam Steel Schedule
Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 3#5 2#5 3#5 3#5 2#5 3#5 2#4
B'7-B'8 12X18 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 3#5 2#4
(continued Table 3.14)
55
C2-D2 14X22 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A7-B7 14X24 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 2#4
A4-A5 18X24 6#6 3#6 6#6 4#6 4#6 4#6 4#4
C7-C8 22X24 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 6#6 4#4
Table 3.15. Sixth Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule
Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
C2-D2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A7-B7 14X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A4-A5 18X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 22X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
Table 3.16. Seventh Floor Beam Steel Schedule
Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 3#16 3#16 3#16 3#16 3#16 3#16 2#12
B'7-B'8 12X18 2#16 2#16 2#16 3#16 3#16 3#16 2#12
A2-B2 14X22 6#18 6#18 6#18 4#18 4#18 4#18 2#12
A7-B7 14X24 4#18 4#16 4#18 3#18 3#18 3#18 2#12
A4-A5 18X22 4#18 4#18 4#18 3#18 3#18 3#18 4#12
C7-C8 20X24 4#18 4#18 4#18 4#18 4#18 4#18 4#12
Table 3.17. Seventh Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule
56
Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B3-C3 10X14 #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6" #3 @ 6"
B'7-B'8 12X18 #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8" #3 @ 8"
A2-B2 14X22 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A7-B7 14X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
A4-A5 18X22 #3 @ 10" #3@ 10" #3 @ 10"
C7-C8 20X24 #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10" #3 @ 10"
Table 3.18. Roof Floor Beam Steel Schedule
Top Steel Bottom Steel Req;
Type Size Requirement Requirement Mid
Steel
Left Mid Right Left Mid Right
B8-C8 9X9 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 1#10
B7-C7 10X12 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#10
A'6-B6 10X14 4#16 4#16 4#16 3#16 3#16 3#16 2#10
D4-D5 12X16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 2#10
B6-B7 12X18 4#16 4#16 4#16 2#16 2#16 2#16 3#10
Table 3.19. Roof Floor Beam Stirrup Schedule
Stirrup Requirement
Location Size
Left Mid Right
B8-C8 9X9 #2 @ 3.5" #2 @ 3.5" #2 @ 3.5"
B7-C7 10X12 #2 @ 4" #2 @ 4" #2 @ 4"
A'6-B6 10X14 #2 @ 5" #2 @ 5" #2 @ 5"
D4-D5 12X16 #3 @ 6.5" #3 @ 6.5" #3 @ 6.5"
B6-B7 12X18 #3 @ 7" #3 @ 7" #3 @ 7"
3.7. Design Results For Column
Design results for column sections are mentioned in Table 3.20. In this
building, three different column sizes are used 24x24, 22x22 and 20x20. Ground floor
to fourth floor are used 24x24 column size, fourth floor to sixth floor are used 22x22
column size and sixth floor to roof are used 20x20 column size.
Table 3.20. Column Steel Schedule
57
Size Size Bar No. of No. of Tie Tie
Req;
Location (in) (in) size Bars Bars size spacing
As
(x) (y) (mm) theory Pract; (mm) (in)
Gri
Level
d
GF-1 A2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
1-2 A2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
2-3 A2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
3-4 A2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
4-5 A2 22 22 4.8 20 10 12 10 6
5-6 A2 22 22 4.8 20 10 12 10 6
6-7 A2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
7-RF A2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
GF-1 B2 24 24 7.96 25 10 12 10 10
1-2 B2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
2-3 B2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
3-4 B2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
4-5 B2 22 22 4.84 20 10 12 10 6
5-6 B2 22 22 4.84 20 10 12 10 6
6-7 B2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
7-RF B2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
GF-1 C2 24 24 7.49 25 10 12 10 10
1-2 C2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
2-3 C2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
3-4 C2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
4-5 C2 22 22 4.8 20 10 12 10 6
5-6 C2 22 22 4.8 20 10 12 10 6
6-7 C2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
7-RF C2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
GF-1 D2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
1-2 D2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
2-3 D2 24 24 5.76 25 8 12 10 10
3-4 D2 24 24 5.76 20 10 12 10 10
4-5 D2 22 22 4.8 20 10 12 10 6
5-6 D2 22 22 4.8 20 8 12 10 6
6-7 D2 20 20 4 20 8 12 10 6
7TH-RF D2 20 20 4 25 8 12 10 6
GF 12 12 6.97 25 8 12 10 10
3.8. Stability Check
Checking for superstructure includes;
58
(a) Story drift
(b) Overturning moment
(c) Resistance to Sliding
(d) P-D effect and
(e) Torsional irregularity.
3.6.1 Checking for Story Drift
Storey drift shall not exceed 0.025 times the storey height for structures
having the fundamental period of less than 0.7 second. For structures having a
fundamental period of 0.7 second or greater, the storey drift shall not exceed 0.02
times the storey height.
In this structure, fundamental period t is greater than 0.7 second. Therefore,
storey drift shall not exceed 0.02 times the storey height.
ΔM = 0.7R Δs
Checking of story drift for relative storey is shown in Table 3.3.
Table 3.21. Calculation for Story Drift
Story ∆My
Story ∆Mx <0.02h ∆Limit
Height Drift X Drift Y <0.02h
Level (ft) (in) (in)
(ft) (in)
Roof 0.000685 0.000386 0.3006465 0.1694154 2.28
level 114
0.000764 0.000552 0.3353196 0.2422728 2.28
7th 114
0.000858 0.000647 0.3765762 0.2839683 2.28
6th 114
0.000988 0.000686 0.4336332 0.3010854 2.28
5th 114
0.001045 0.000718 0.4586505 0.3151302 2.28
4th 114
0.001127 0.00079 0.4946403 0.346731 2.28
3th 114
0.001245 0.001098 0.5464305 0.4819122 2.28
2nd 114
0.001477 0.001209 1.023561 0.837837 3.6
1st 180
0.000762 0.000656 0.2816352 0.2424576 1.92
GL 96
All story drifts are within the story drift limitation.
3.6.2 Checking for Overturning Moment
59
The distribution of earthquake forces over the height of a structure causes to
experience overturning effects. The summation of moment due to the distributed
lateral forces is the overturning moment. The UBC-97 requires that every designed
structure be capable of resisting overturning effect induced by earthquake forces.
For X-direction,
Overturning moment = (Base shear ×story height) + Mt
= (396.83 × 81.5) + 259586.746
= 291928.391 kip-in
Total dead weight = 7135.58 kips
Center of mass in X-direction, YCCM = 461.012 in
Resisting moment = 0.9 × Total dead weight × YCCM
= 0.9 × 7135.58 × 461.012
= 2960629.206 kip-in
Resisting
Factor of safety = moment
Overturning
moment
2960629. 206
= 291928 .391
= 10.14 > 1.5 \Satisfied
For Y-direction,
Overturning moment = (Base shear ×story height) + Mt
= (396.83 × 81.5) + 274605.107
= 306946.752 kip-in
Center of mass in Y-direction, XCCM = 311.712 in
Resisting moment = 0.9 × Total dead weight × XCCM
= 0.9 × 7135.58 × 311.712
= 2001821.322 kip-in
Resisting
Factor of safety = moment
Overturning
moment
2001821. 322
= 306946 .752
= 6.52> 1.5 \Satisfied
60
The structure is capable of resisting overturning effect.
3.6.3 Checking for Sliding
The ratio of the resistance due to friction to sliding force is called factor of
safety for sliding and it must be greater than 1.5. Sliding for both X and Y directions
are checked as follows;
Sliding checking for X direction
Sliding Force, VX = 652.22 Kips
Friction coefficient,µ = 0.25 (from UBC-97 table 18.1.A)
Total Dead Weight = 7135.58 Kips
µ x 0.9 x Total Dead
Resistance due to Friction =
Weight
= 0.25 x 0.9 x 7135.58
Kips
= 1605.5055
1605.5055
Factor of safety = = 2.46 > 1.5
652.22
∴ Satisfactory
Sliding checking for Y direction
Sliding Force, VY = 396.83 Kips
Friction coefficient,µ = 0.25 (from UBC-97 table 18.1.A)
Total Dead Weight = 7135.58 Kips
µ x 0.9 x Total Dead
Resistance due to Friction =
Weight
= 0.25 x 0.9 x 7135.58
= 1605.5055 Kips
1605.5055
Factor of safety = = 4.05 > 1.5
396.83
∴ Satisfactory
3.6.4. Checking for P-delta Effect
61
For seismic zone 3 and 4 , according to the UBC 97, P-delta effect needs not to
be considered when the drift ratio of the building is within the limitation of 0.02xR
where R is the response modification factor.
Table 3.22. P-delta Checking
Height Storey Drift Storey Drift Limit
Storey
(in) ratio X ratio Y 0.02xR
RF 114 0.000685 0.000386 0.002352941
7th 114 0.000764 0.000552 0.002352941
6th 114 0.000858 0.000647 0.002352941
5th 114 0.000988 0.000686 0.002352941
4th 114 0.001045 0.000718 0.002352941
3th 114 0.001127 0.00079 0.002352941
2nd 114 0.001245 0.001098 0.002352941
1st 180 0.001477 0.001209 0.002352941
GL 96 0.000762 0.000656 0.002352941
All drift ratios for both directions are within the limitation and therefore P-
delta effect doesn’t need to be considering in this study.
3.6.5. Checking for Torsional Irregularities
Displacement and drift results for point 1,2 and 3 are checked for torsional
irregularities. For X direction, point 2 and 3 are checked. For Y direction, point 1
and 2 are checked. That is why, if it is checked, the building will be safe for
torsional irregularity.
62
1 2
Fig 3.13. Check Point for Torsional Irregularities
For X direction,
∆ 1 = 1.0826
∆2 = 0.9569
∆ avg = 1.01975 , ∆ max = 1.0826
∆max
S.F = = 1.06 < 1.2 (Satisfactory)
∆ avg
For Y direction,
∆ 1 = 0.7565
∆2 = 0.7561
∆ avg = 0.7563, ∆ max = 0.7565
∆max
S.F = = 1.0 < 1.2 (Satisfactory)
∆ avg
Therefore, torsional irregularity does not exist in this building.