Sl No Westad Requirement PTC Comment reference to Procedure
1 SCOPE:
- Welding ore base material. Clause no. 1
- Dimensions , min and max
- Demands for storage of films
2 ABBREVIATIONS / DEFINITIONS All abbreviations listed in the procedure are within
the bracket after the words and phrase.
3 RESPONSIBILITY Clause no. 3
- Who is responsible for training and
courses
4 HSE Clause no. 18
- Inform if/what kind of the personal
have radiation protection training
5 PERSONNEL:
- What level of certification are the
personal (Level of certification) Clause no. 3
- Who is in charge (level)
6 GENERAL:
- What is covered by digital IT
- Digital IT shall have a technical sheet Clause no. 1
for all dimensions/materials that shall
be approved
7 EQUIPMENT:
- Type film.
- PC monitor. Clause no. 4
- IP Scanning.
- X-ray tubes, CP system, IR -192. SE-75
or Co-60.
8 CALIBRATION AND PERIODIC CONTROL OF
EQUIPMENT: Clause no. 5
- list of when the films are to be
checked for error
9 EXAMINATION/PERFORMANCE: Clause no. 16
10 SURFACE CONDITIONS
- Demands for the surface. Clause no. 6
11 IDENTIFICATION AND REFERENCES ON
RADIOGRAPHS: Clause no. 10
- Marking on films (what shall the
tagging consist of))
- Marking on part , 0 -point, tape
measure and IQI..
12 UG:
- What is the UG demands? Clause no. 11
- Sensitivity, what is?
13 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR:
- Witch IQI shall be used for the Clause no. 15
different thicknesses ?
- Hove shal the IQI be located on the
part?
14 RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE:
- What is min distance to film? Clause no. 7
- Inform what kind of technique to be
used?
- What type of sources is to be used for
the different thicknesses
15 BRIGHTNESS:
- What are the demands for the pixel Clause no. 13 & 14
intensity area?
16 SNR/GREY VALUES
- What is the demands for the Snr/Grey Clause no. 16
values
17 UNSHARPNESS:
- What is the minimum and maximum Clause no. 12
for Duplex wire?
18 BASIC SPATIAL RESOLUTION: (SR)
- Please illustrate the performance Clause 13
19 BACKSKATTER:
- What about background radiation? Clause no. 9
20 METAL FRONT SCREEN:
- What type of filter is used? Clause no. 8
21 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:
- What is the accept criteria ? Clause no. 17
22 TEST REPORT:
- What shall the content of the report Clause no. 19
be?
1. SCOPE:
- Welding ore base material.
- Dimensions , min and max
- Demands for storage of films
2. ABBREVIATIONS / DEFINITIONS:
Please inform of any abbreviations
3. RESPONSIBILITY:
Who is responsible for training and courses
4. HSE:
Informf if/what kind of the personal have radiation protection training
5. PERSONNEL:
What level of certification are the personal (Level of certification)
Who is in charge (level)
6. GENERAL:
What is covered by digital IT
Digital IT shall have a technical sheet for all dimensions/materials that shall be
approved
7. EQUIPMENT:
Type film.
PC monitor.
IP Scanning.
X-ray tubes, CP system, IR -192. SE-75 or Co-60.
8. CALIBRATION AND PERIODIC CONTROL OF EQUIPMENT:
list of when the films are to be checked for error
9. EXAMINATION/PERFORMANCE:
EXAMINATION INFORMATION
Material type (density information is required to calculate exposure time)
Material thickness
Shape of welding seam
Welding process
Previous repairs if any and the reasons for the repairs
Quality requirements for the object
Acceptance levels (normally stated in the applicable fabrication specification)
Extent of testing (Normally found in the NDE/Fabrication specification or at
drawing)
Drawings and log
10. SURFACE CONDITIONS
Demands for the surface.
11. IDENTIFICATION AND REFERENCES ON RADIOGRAPHS:
Marking on films (what shall the tagging consist of))
Marking on part , 0 -point, tape measure and IQI..
12. UG:
What is the UG demands?
Sensitivity, what is?
13. IMAGE QUALITY INDICATOR:
Witch IQI shal be used for the different thicknesses ?
Hove shal the IQI be located on the part?
14. RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE:
What is min distance to film?
Inform what kind of technique to be used?
What type of sources is to be used for the different thicknesses
15. BRIGHTNESS:
What is the demands for the pixel intensity area?
16. SNR/GREY VALUES
What is the demands for the Snr/Grey values
17. UNSHARPNESS: srb
What is the minimum and maximum for Duplex wire?
18. BASIC SPATIAL RESOLUTION: (SRb)
Please illustrate the performance
19. BACKSKATTER:
What about background radiation?
20. METAL FRONT SCREEN:
What type of filter is used?
21. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:
What is the accept criteria ?
22. TEST REPORT:
What shall the content of the report be?
The presence of backscattered radiation shall be checked for each new CR test arrangement by means of
a lead letter B (with a minimum height of 10 mm and a minimum thickness of 1,5 mm) placed
immediately behind each cassette. If the image of this symbol records as a lighter image on the digital
radiograph (negative presentation, i.e. decreased linearized grey value), it shall be rejected. If the
symbol is darker (increased linearized grey value), or invisible, the digital radiograph is acceptable and
demonstrates good protection against backscattered radiation.
Lead or other suitable filter materials shall be used behind the image plate holder to prevent scattered
radiation from the floor, walls, air or other surrounding objects from fogging the computed radiographic
image. Each exposure shall employ the use of a lead letter “B” not less than ½ inch high and not less
than 1/16 inch thick positioned behind the image plate holder within the area of the image to be read. If
the image of the lead letter “B” shows a light image on a darker background, the radiograph shall be
rejected. A darker image of the lead letter “B” on a lighter background is not cause for rejection
provided the darker image does not interfere with evaluation of the area-of-interest. When performing
panoramic exposures, one lead letter “B” may be placed in each quadrant. The lead letter “B” is not
required for radiography of circumferential welds with an inside diameter less than ¾ inch performed
with a single wall exposure technique
System performance parameters must be determined initially and monitored regularly to ensure
consistent results. The best measure of total CR examination system performance can be made with
the system in operation, utilizing a Representative Quality Indicator (RQI) similar to the part under
actual operating conditions. This indicates the use of an actual or simulated part containing features
that must be readily and accurately detected. Such an RQI will provide a reliable indication of the
system’s capabilities. Conventional wire or plaque-type Image Quality Indicators (IQIs) may be used
in place of, or in addition to, the RQI.
System performance should be evaluated at sufficiently frequent intervals to minimize the
possibility of time-dependent performance variations.
It shall be the responsibility of the NDT department of PTC Industries to develop a written examination procedure to
ensure the effective and repeatable examination of the part. Those portions of the contract document that specify and
detail the examination shall become an appendix to this written procedure. This written procedure must be approved
by the Level III of the NDT department.
This checklist addresses system configuration, performance characterization, long term stability
monitoring, qualification plans, sensitivity demonstrations.
CR technology it is not just the imaging plate type that affects image quality - the scan settings
used by the scanner are also crucial. In particular, the resolution capability of the scanner (basic
spatial resolution or SRb) plays an important part in determining image quality.
HD-CR 35 achieves a basic spatial resolution of 30 μm with a laser focus of merely 12.5 μm
(when used with high-resolution imaging plates). This performance was confirmed via
certification by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM). With its variable
laser focus size, the HD-CR 35 NDT can also be easily adapted for inspection applications with
less demanding basic spatial resolution requirements. If only low resolution is required, the CR
35 NDT with a fixed laser focus of 50 μm may also be perfectly suitable.
material type and thickness range
isotope or maximum X-ray voltage used
minimum source-to-object distance
distance from source side of object to the phosphor imaging plate
source size
phosphor imaging plate manufacturer and designation
screens used
image scanning and processing equipment manufacturer and model
image scanning parameters (i.e., gain, laser resolution), detailed, as applicable, for material thicknesses across the
thickness range
pixel intensity/gray range (minimum to maximum)
IQI selection shall be based on a thickness not greater than the nominal thickness to be
radiographed. For multi-wall exposure and multi-wall viewing techniques, the IQI shall be based
on the multi-wall thickness of the component. For multi-wall exposures and single-wall viewing
techniques, the IQI shall be based on the singlewall thickness of the component.
The IQI shall be placed on each part radiographed, unless a number of identical parts are
simultaneously exposed in a single image. In such a case, a single IQI shall be placed upon the
source side of a part at the outer edge of the cone of radiation or farthest extremity from the
central beam of radiation. For examination of irregular objects, the IQI shall be placed on the
area of the part farthest from the detector. The IQI shall be placed adjacent to the area of
interest since accept/ reject decisions cannot be made in the area directly beneath the IQI.
Where it is impractical to place the IQI upon the part radiologically inspected, the IQI shall be
placed on the source side of a separate shim, block, or like section, from the same material
group. The shim, block, or like section and IQI shall be placed onto the detector at the outer
edge of the cone of radiation. The shim, block, or like section shall exceed the IQI dimensions so
that at least three sides of the IQI shall be visible in the image.
Personnel performing examinations in accordance with this guideline shall be qualified
and certified by the employer or certifying agency as applicable. Other personnel
qualification and certification documents may be used. when specified in the contract or
purchase order.
Additional training and experience specific to CR shall be provided for radiographers,
including certified film radiographers, as part of the qualification for CR prior to
certification and the inspection of castings.
formal training as on-the-job experience shall be provided to currently qualified film
radiographers to become qualified radiographers.
Inspectors shall not continuously read images for more than two hours at a time to
reduce eye fatigue, a minimum of 15 minutes must elapse with no activity requiring high
visual concentration prior to resuming inspection.
The results of all radiologic examinations shall be documented. The examination report shall reference
the acceptance criteria and revision, provide traceability to the specific part or the lot of parts examined,
the disposition of the part(s) (accept/reject), the reason for rejection of any items, and shall include the
name and/or signature of the interpreter(s), or their acceptance stamp when applicable.
As a minimum, the following information shall be provided:
The requirements of Article 1, T-190(a) of ASME-V
Identification as required by T-224 of ASME-V
The dimensional map (if used) of marker placement in accordance with T-275.3 of ASME Sec-V
Number of exposures
X-ray voltage or isotope used
Source size
Base material type and thickness, weld reinforcement thickness, as applicable
Source-to-object distance
Distance from source side of object to storage phosphor media
Storage phosphor manufacturer and designation
Image acquisition (digitizing) equipment manufacturer, model, and serial number
Single- or double-wall exposure
Single- or double-wall viewing
Procedure identification and revision level
Imaging software version and revision
Numerical values of the final image processing parameters, to include filters, window (contrast), and level
(brightness) for each view