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Qualitative Research on Air Pollution in Kampala

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This study will employ a qualitative research approach using semi-structured questionnaires, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions to understand the drivers of air pollution,…

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Emmanuel Ntale
  • Research Methods
  • Analytical Techniques

Research Methods

This study will, to a larger extent, employ a qualitative research approach to find out the drivers
of air pollution, identify the effects of air pollution and to establish the possible measures to
reduce air pollution in Kampala. Implying a combination of semi structured questionnaires, key
informant interviews and focus group discussions will be used in this approach. Kampala City is
divided into five divisions; namely Makindye, Kampala central, Rubaga, Nakawa and Kawempe
division. Kampala has a resident population of around 1.5 million and 41,4406 Households
(UBOS, 2014). These households will be randomly sampled based on a list of residents existing
in the selected communities.

The sample size of households to be surveyed will be determined using the following formula
(Rose, Spinks & Canhoto, 2014):

n=
( 1 +NNα ) 2

Where n = the sample number; α is the margin of sampling error with the information to give about
above: 95% confidence level); α = 0.05 marginal error, N= total population; N= 414406 (UBOS, 2014).
Implying that the sample size will be:

414406
n=
( 1 +414406 ( 0 . 05 )2 )
n = 399 households

Therefore, at least 399 households will be sampled

To a small extent, a quantitative approach will be used to determine the ambient air quality, the
content of air pollution PM will be characterized, the study will employ spot measurements in
different sites within Kampala selected purposively basing different topographies and land use
areas: commercial, industrial, and residential carried out within the area. Employing a Sioutas
Personal Cascade Sampler (SKC Inc., Eighty Four, PA, USA) with a flow rate of 9 liters per
minute, we shall collect fine particles (PM , or particles with aerodynamic diameters less than
2.5

2.5 m) and coarse particles (PM7- 2.5 ) (this fraction contains total suspended particles with
aerodynamic diameters greater than 2.5m) during two 24-hour sampling periods (6:30 p.m. to
6:30 p.m., Local Standard Time [LST]. Samples will be submitted for elemental analysis by X-
ray fluorescence (XRF) and by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The results will be compared with

Research Methods This study will, to a larger extent, employ a qualitative research approach to find out the drivers of air p
6:30 p.m., Local Standard Time [LST]. Samples will be submitted for elemental analysis by X- ray fluorescence (XRF) and by in

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