Brojive i nebrojive imenice

Brojive imenice (Countable Nouns) u engleskom su imenice koje imaju oblike i za jedninu i za
množinu. One označavaju pojmove koje je moguće prebrojati pa se zato i zovu brojive imenice (an
apple, a bag, a song, a house...).
There is a cup on the table.
There are cups on the table.
Nebrojive imenice (Uncountable Nouns) u engleskom imaju samo oblik za jedninu i označavaju
pojmove koje nije moguće prebrojati (bread, weather, juice, music, sugar…).
The water is cold.
I'd like some juice.

Ako je potrebno prebrojati nebrojive imenice, tj. odrediti količinu, to možemo uraditi dodavanjem
nekih izraza kao što su: a loaf, a tin, a bar, a cup... U ovim slučajevima sama imenica ostaje
nebrojiva, ali izraz može imati oblik za množinu i može se prebrojati:
There is a loaf of bread on the table.
I have bought three loafs of bread.
Instead of marking the definite form with an article, Danish uses postfixing.
Simply put, the indefinite article is appended to the end of the noun to mark
definiteness: -en for common gender and -et for the neuter gender.

 en mand (a man, common gender) adds -en and becomes manden (the

man)
 vand (water, neuter gender) adds -et and becomes vandet.
If the noun already ends with -e most often only -n(for common) or -t (for
neuter) is appended:

 et æble (an apple, neuter gender) becomes æblet(the apple).

Neuter Nouns
 Uncountable common things are usually t-words, for example arbejde (work),
areal (area), vand (water), øl (beer), fyr (fire), kød (flesh), dun (down), brum
(hum-zujati), fed (fat), held (luck), liv (life), plasma (plasma), sand (sand), sjov
(fun), pludder (mud), skidt (dirt), stof (stuff), stå (straw), tab (loss), tak
(thanks), tin (tin), vat (cotton wool). Note that øl becomes common when used
in a countable way, en øl (a beer) meaning a glass or a bottle of beer.
But mad (food), tid (time), sne (snow), uld (wool), umage (trouble) and varme
(heat) are n-words.
 Things which usually come as part of a series or group, or which are not
normally identified individually, are usually t-words. For example ark (sheet),
skridt (step or pace), fnis (giggle), fnys (snort), klap (pat, clap), kluk (cluck),
klæde (cloth), loop (loop), nip (sip), nik (nod), trin (step or stair), plask
(splash), dump (thud), slag (blow), stræk (stretch), stænk (splash, spot), ord
(word). This is also perhaps the reason why barn (child!), dyr (animal), får
(sheep) and svin (pig) are t-words. (When treated individually, children would
be boys or girls which are n-words and animals would be referred by a species
name.)
 t-words are usually short, single-syllable words or are compound
(slozene)nouns which finish with a t-word.
 Nouns which are unchanged in the plural are almost always t-words and
(obrnto) vice versa.
 Compound nouns which finish with a t-word are t-words.
 Languages are t-words, because of sprog.
 Countries are t-words, because of land.
 Substances are t-words. For example element, tin, stål (steel).
  Nouns imported from English or another language can be t-words if they are
indentified with a Danish t-word. Hence additiv, casino, circulære, cv, forum,
hotel, job, system, tribunal, trick, universitet.

Here are some examples of neuter nouns:

additiv barn bedste belæg ben besøg brug brud brum brus bryllup brød cirkulære cv
Danmark dansk dun drøn dryp drys dyk dyr døgn erhverv Europa fed find forum får
guf job hotel hus juks klap kursus kær kød køkken køn land lem lyn løb lån miljø
mirror mål nik nip ny ord organ plask plasma plast rum ræs sand sjov skab skaft skel
skib skidt skifte skilt skravl skridt skrift slag sprog stof svar svin syn system søm sår
tab tag tak tog tribunal trick trin tæppe tøj universitet ur vand vindue vink æble æg øl
ønske år

The longer words here are mostly imported from other languages, and have taken the
gender of the closest Danish word.

Note that these include

 country names (because of land)

 language names (because of sprog)

Compound words follow the last component noun:

 brug, hence jordbrug (agriculture)

 hold (team), hence forbehold (reservation), forhold (conditions), indhold
(contents), ophold (stay), underhold (support)
 mål (target), hence formål and spørgsmål
 ord (word), hence biord (adverb)
 slip (lull), hence udslip (escape)
 snit (cut), hence udsnit (section)
 svar, forsvar (defence)
 tag (grasp), hence optag (uptake)
 tog (train), hence optog (procession)
 tøj (clothes), hence køkkentøj (utensils), værktøj (tools)
 trin (step), hence optrin (scene)

Some words have different genders with different meanings:

 brud (et -) break, brud (en -e) bride

 brug (et -) farm, brug (en) use
  skrift (et -er) publication, skrift (en -er) writing

Most of the t-words are unchanged in the plural (et -). Exceptions are

 hus, huse; land, lande; skab (cupboard), skabe

 cv, cv'er; hotel, hoteller; køkken, køkkener; lem, lemmer; organ, organer; skrift,
skrifter

Subject Pronouns

English Danish

I jeg

you du

he, she, it han, hun, den/det*

we vi

you (plural) I**

they de
*) Depending on the grammatical gender of the subject. As a rule of thumb,
use den for all living things, det for inanimate objects.

**) Always capitalized.

Present Tense Verbs

You will love verbs in Danish. They conjugate not for the subject, not for the
object, nor for the number of people. They only care about the time (present,
past), the aspect (active, passive), and the mood (indicative, imperative). But do
not worry about all that just yet, just be overjoyed that there are only seven forms
of each verb :)
For now, just know that present tense (things happening right now, or general
statements) end in -r, and do not change regarding to the person carrying out
the action. As an example, look at the conjugations of at spise (to eat) in the
present:

English Danish

I eat jeg spiser

you eat du spiser

he, she, it eats han, hun, den/det spiser

we eat vi spiser

you (plural) eat I spiser

they eat de spiser