Nina Ian John “G” Rachel Mark Jocelle Edo Gienah Jho Kath Aynz Je Glad Nickie Ricobear

Teacher Dadang Niňa Arlene Vivs Paul F. Rico F. Ren Mai Revs Mavis Jepay Yana Mayi Serge Hung Tope Bien Ag

S3 Lec 4: AGGRESSION and ACCIDENTS by Dra. Capitan

 Example: Bobo Doll and the children

AGGRESSION o The children, after watching the video about a lady
hurting the Bobo Doll started to get objects in the play
Aggression room and immediately immitated the actions of the
 Behavior intended to cause harm to others lady in the video – social learning
May result in:
 Physical injury SOCIAL FACTORS
 Harmful psychological consequences
o Usually secondary to: A. Frustration – Aggression
 Verbal B. Direct Provocation
 Coercion C. Television violence
 Intimidation
 Managerial styles ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

A. Air Pollution
Commonly cited Predictors of Dangerousness to Others
High degree of intent to harm Self-review as victim  Chemical industries  noxious odors  irritability 
Presence of victim Resentful of authority aggression
Frequent and open threats Childhood brutality or deprivation B. Noise
Concrete plan Decreased warmth & affection in C. Crowding
Access to instruments of home
violence Early loss of parent SITUATIONAL FACTORS
History of loss of control Fire setting, bed-wetting, & cruelty to
A. Heightened Physiological Arousal
Chronic anger, hostility or animals
 Ex. Competetive Activities, Physical exercise, exposure to
resentment Prior violent acts
provocative films
Enjoyment in watching or Reckless driving
B. Sexual Arousal
inflicting harm
 Depends on the erotic materials used to induce reactions
Lack of compassion
C. Pain
 Physical
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS

FREUD BIOLOGICAL FACTORS

 Men and women has life instinct
A. Neuroanatomical damage
 Aggression is a reaction to blocking of libidinal impulses & was
 Organic brain damage
neither an automatic nor inevitable part of life
B. Neurotransmitters
 EROS vs. THANATOS
 Cholinergic and catecholaminergic – induction and
o Alive and constant motion (EROS)
enhancement of predatory aggression
o Unconscious wish to die (THANATOS)
 Serotonergic system and GABA – inhibit predatory
aggression
LORENZ
o Dopamine – facilitate aggression
 Fighting Instinct
o NE and Serotonin – generally inhibits
 Aggression springs from a fighting instinct that humans share with
o Serotonin – potentially important mediating factor:
organisms
rapid dec causes irritability
o 5HIAA in CSF – correlated to freq of aggression
BANDURA
particularly with those who commit suicide
 Learned behavior
 Aggression is a learned form of social behavior which means it can
GENETIC FACTORS
be acquired and maintained
 Bandura’s View A. Twin studies
o Neither innate urges nor aggressive drives aroused by  Monozygotic twins has hereditary component to aggression
frustration are the roots of human aggression. They engage in B. Pedigress studies
assaults because they:  Family history of mental disorders
 Acquired responses thru past experiences C. Chromosomal influences
 Receive or anticipate rewards for such actions  XYY attributes aggression
 Are directly lead to it by specific social or environmental
conditions

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 PREVENTION AND CONTROL

A. PRIMARY
 Individual level
B. PUNISHMENT
C. CATHARSIS
 Expressive but non-injurious behavior
 Defense mechanism : displacement
o Ex. People tend to displace their anger into
other things like kickboxing, or running etc...
D. TRAINING IN SOCIAL SKILLS
E. INDUCTION OF INCOMATIBLE RESPONSES
 Empathy
 Humor
F. PHARMACOTHERAPY
 Lithium – drug of major premise especially to
delinquent adolescent boys
 Anticonvulsants – e.g. gabapentin
 Antipsychotics
 Antidepressants
 Antiandronergic – treatment for aggressive sex
offenders
 β-blockers and stimulants – for aggressive children
 Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Victim – target of another person’s intentional aggression

ACCIDENTS

Accident
 Event that occurs by chance or unexpectedly, without conscious
planning
 Most common types
o Vehicular
o Industrial
o Home
 1/3 – secondary to automobile
 1/3 – suicide and homicide
 1/3 – other accidents

Psychophysiological Consideration
 Fatigue
 Intake of toxic substances
 Persons with diabetes, epilepsy, CVD, and mental disorders

Motivation
 Unconscious sense of guilt  punishment
 Suggest self-destructive tendencies
 Unconscious wish to escape or to avoid something OR avoiding
new responsibilites.

Bought to you by: Luke Psych-walker (RPE-JG)

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