Mobile Computing

Dr. Mohammed Fadhil

CHARACTERISTICS
Different usage context

 Limited attention time span: 4 seconds

 Inherent context factors

 Mobility (constant change of position)

 Device capabilities (CPU, battery, screen size)

 Operator plan and communication costs

 Interaction possibilities
CHARACTERISTICS
Different market rules:
 Much shorter product lifecycles
 With much shorter time-to-market

 More difficult user attraction: a lost user is very difficult to win back
 Different product distribution:
 Mostly centralised application stores: The “Google play, App Store, Amazon
Appstore and windows store”

 Different business models:

 Different price policies (Android: free apps)
 Different revenue channels (ads, subscriptions and one time purchase)
 Different payment methods (operator billing and payment cards)
CHARACTERISTICS
Different interaction possibilities / user experience
 Traditional “desktop devices” cannot be assumed:
 No mouse, full keyboard, large screen or unlimited power supply.

 Instead
 Multipoint-touch
 Gestures and motion detection
 Sensors (acceleration, tilt, GPS, compass)
 Haptic feedback
 STT/TTS
 Camera (face detection/recognition)
EASY AND CONSISTENT FOR APP DEVELOPERS
• Apps attract users and user attract apps

• Inconsistent hardware
o Small Screen, Large Screen, keyboard, touchscreen 1MP camera, 10MP
camera, 600Mhz single core - 1GHZ quad core

• Multiple OS versions
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
A sensor network is composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are deployed

over a geographical area to monitor physical or environmental conditions.

 Used in healthcare, military, critical infrastructure monitoring, environment monitoring,

and manufacturing.
 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
WSN nodes are comprised of four basic components: a low-power sensing device,

an embedded processor, a wireless communication subsystem, and a power module.

The embedded processor is generally used for collecting and processing the signal
taken from the sensors.

The wireless communication subsystem is used for data transmission.

The power source consists of a battery with a limited energy level.

Sensor, such as thermal, radar, seismic, acoustic, magnetic, and visual.

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSNS)
INTRODUCTION :

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been gaining much attention, from both commercial

and technical points of view, because of their potential for providing attractive solutions in

areas such as health care, industrial automation, environmental monitoring, transportation

business, and so on. Limited processing power, battery life, and communication speed are the

main problems of WSN.

 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS (WSNS)
CLOUD :

Cloud computing provides new opportunities in aggregating sensor data and exploiting the

aggregates for greater coverage and provides scalable processing power. The increasing

popularity in distributed computing environment is influencing the trend of using cloud environment

for storage and data processing.

SENSOR CLOUDS
SENSOR NETWORK + CLOUD COMPUTING :
The rapid growth of sensor network and cloud computing technology has led to the emergence

of a new platform called sensor clouds. It integrates WSN with the data center model of

cloud computing. The primary goal of a sensor cloud is to facilitate connecting sensors and

software objects to build community-centric sensing applications. To explore this sensor, data of

all types will drive the need for an increasing capability to do analysis and mining on the

cloud. One of the applications of sensor cloud computing is doctors’ virtual community, where

various sensors and cloud computing technologies are used for monitoring health of patients.
SENSOR CLOUD
EXTENSION OF SENSOR CLOUD WITH MOBILE
The main reason for the extension of sensor cloud to SMCC is the features it provides:

1. Mobility: To handle computing and to establish connection with the Internet to send the data.

2. Low power consumption: The mobile device consumes lower battery power than other

devices, for example, limited energy availability on portable devices.

3. Communication capabilities: The mobile devices help establish wireless connection to access

data from anywhere, anytime, or user profiles from host, and communication between users.

Communication through voice, video calls, and massages is possible.

SENSOR MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING (SMCC)
SENSOR NETWORK + MOBILE COMPUTING +CLOUD COMPUTING
SMCC is a new field of mobile cloud computing (MCC). It is used in some applications such as

rescue services, healthcare, and so on. Mobile devices are being equipped with various sensors

to sense data from the environment or the human body and send the aggregated data to the

cloud through the Internet. By introducing a mobile phone between a sensor and the cloud server,

data communication overhead can be reduced with the help of intelligent data filtering and

compression techniques. It has been shown that data transmission in a sensor mobile cloud

requires less energy than that in a sensor cloud. Therefore, MCC plays an important role in

wireless sensor networks.

ARCHITECTURE OF SENSOR MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING

The sensor mobile cloud architecture is developed to improve the capability of a sensor

mobile network. Here, capability means data processing, memory management, data

communication, and energy efficiency. Since the capability increases from the sensor to the

mobile and from the mobile to the cloud, integration of the sensor, the mobile, and cloud,

which is SMCC, increases the capability greatly.

The main components of the architecture are:
Physical sensors: Sensors are placed in various locations

(e.g., on the human body) for monitoring. Different sensors

are used in different applications.

Examples: A portable electrocardiography (ECG) system

uses smart phones attached to the heart and transmits heart

rhythm data to the health provider. An asthma sensor has

been developed to track the environmental conditions that

can cause possible problems to asthma patients.

Mobile phone: A mobile phone collects the sensor data,

processes the data, and transfers it to the cloud for further

processing. Low computational devices such as mobile

phones can be used to filter the sensor data. Generally,

Wi-Fi is used to establish communication between a

mobile and the cloud. If Wi-Fi is not available, 3G and

4G technologies allow sending the collected sensor data

to the cloud.
Mobile network: Mobile phones send sensor data to the

WAP (wireless application protocol) server placed in the

mobile network. A mobile network that contains a WAP

server and a backend database is shown in the figure.

Mobile devices are connected to the mobile networks via a

base station, that is, base transceiver stations (BTSs) or

access points that establish connection to the existing

mobile network and provide functional interfaces between

the networks and mobile devices.

HLR is an important database in mobile network,
storing the mobile device’s identification number
(IMEI number) and user details with the
corresponding SIM. This way, the particular user can
be traced via the WAP server. Authentication,
authorization, and accounting are controlled by
mobile network operators based on the subscriber’s
information stored in databases. The subscriber’s
requests are delivered to the cloud through the
Internet. The cloud provider processes the requests
and sends them to the corresponding cloud services.
System Manager: The system manager manages the

cloud, System manager fetches data from the WAP server

to process it in the cloud server, which allots IT resources

before starting data processing. The cloud server runs the

user application and computes the data collected from

sensor nodes. There exist web portals through which the

analyst can access results and provide appropriate

decisions to the client for particular application.

In SMCC, events are generated from the client side by

mobile phones having certain event IDs and subscriber IDs

and are sent to the cloud for processing. One of the main

components of this architecture is the system manager

which can retrieve data for the particular client from the

HLR database placed in the mobile network. After

identification of the client, the event is sent to the cloud

server. Experts are logged in through web portal, and

suitable decisions are sent to the client.

SERVICE LIFE CYCLE MODEL OF SENSOR MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING

The operation is triggered from the client side. A sensor collects data

from the client or the environment, and this signal is passed to the cloud

via the client’s handheld mobile device. Finally, the experts monitor the

information and send the response to the client. The work flow of this

service model is described in detail in the following slide.

SERVICE LIFE CYCLE MODEL OF SENSOR MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING
Physical sensor: The sensor senses data depending on the application. Client side:
An event is triggered by the end user, and the application sensor data are collected
and sent to the cloud server through mobile devices.

Reserve IT resources: The cloud server is used to dynamically store the sensor data.
Data management and computation are also handled by the cloud.

Expert monitoring: Experts such as doctors or rescue teams monitor the data
received from the mobile phones and take action if there is any abnormality.

Response: Expert teams transmit their advice to the subscriber by sending messages
to his or her mobile and taking quick actions to help him or her.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR A RESCUE SERVICE MODEL
In this section, the specific system architecture for
rescue service is demonstrated. This architecture is
separated into four layers:

1. Multiple-sensed mobile device

2. Emergency cloud

3. Nearby people

4. Rescuer