Entry test

Underline the correct answer in sentences 1- 5 .

1 'Let's go to the cinema tonight,' Amy suggested I announced.
2 She explained I told that she had been feeling unwell.
3 Sue begged I insisted John to give her another chance.
4 They warned the children not to go I do not go near the river.
5 She said she had been trying I was trying to phone you all day.
Now look at : . on pages 1 30.

Underline the correct answer A, B, C or D to fill the spaces 6 - 10.

6 The judge asked the witness ..... ...... . give her more information.
A him that he B if he could C that he could D him whether to
7 They asked if .......... .. always wanted to be a doctor.
A did she B had she C did D she had
8 Did he say whether . . . . . . . . . . . . lend you the money or not?
A could he B can he C he could D he
9 She couldn 't tell us what .... ...... .. the money on.
A she did spend B did she spend C she had spent D had she spent
10 I showed them how ..... .... ... the computer.
A to use B is used C they use D must they use
Now look at • , on page 1 34.

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 Underline the correct answer A, B, C or D to fill the spaces 11-15.
11 The car swerved to avoid . . .. ........ the pedestrian.
A hitting B to hit C that it hit
D not to hit
12 My teacher admitted ... . ... . .... the answer to the question.
A to not know B that he not know C that he didn't know
D that not knowing
13 Would you like .... . .... .. . another piece of cake?
A have also B having C that you have D to have
14 I hope one day . . . . . . . . . . . . my own house.
A own B to own C owning D that I own
15 I'd rather . . .. ...... . . the children decide for themselves.
A to let B allowing C to allow D let
Now look at on page 137.

Underline the correct answer A, B, C or D to fill the spaces 16-20.

16 What did the newspaper ............ about the accident?
A tell B refer C say D speak
17 I was persuaded . . .. ........ on the trip at the last minute.
A that I go B going C me to go D to go
18 She convinced the court ... .. .. . .... innocent.
A to be B that she was C she was being D that was
19 The suspect .. . .. .. .. . .. that he had been to the bank that day.
A told B refused C rejected D denied
20 We made her an excellent offer, but she . . . . . . . . . . . . it.
A rejected B turned C accepted D denied
Now look at O on page 140.
For questions 21-25, use an appropriate form of the word
given to fill the space.

21 I'm sorry but I don't find her jokes at all . . . . . . . . . . . . . (amuse)

22 We were so ..... . ...... when the singer failed to turn up. {disappoint)
23 He's got some ... ... ..... . habits but people still like him. (annoy)
24 The lesson was so .. .. . .. .. .. . I nearly fell asleep. (bore)
25 She has the most . ... . .. ..... little cottage I've ever seen. {charm)
Now look at . · on page 143.

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 Grammar
reported speech (1)

speech • When a reporting verb comes after a quote, we

can put the subject after the verb:
When we quote someone's actual words, we can 'I doubt if we'll win,' said John. (= John said)
use reporting verbs such as say, reply, suggest, 'Wait here - I'll take a look,' whispered Jake.
etc.: 'That's your girlfriend over there, isn't it?' asked
'I knew the answer,' he said.
Paula.
'Do you take sugar?' she asked.
'Let's go swimming,' Peter suggested.
thoughts
• We can report statements, questions, requests,
thoughts, etc. We can quote people's thoughts in the same way
as we can quote their speech. We can omit
• Here is a list of common reporting verbs:
quotation marks:
add admit advise agree announce
I must go and visit Linda, Martha thought.
answer ask beg claim demand
explain insist order persuade • Here are the common verbs we use fo r
promise remind reply report reporting thoughts:
say suggest tell think warn assume believe consider contemplate
imagine infer reflect ponder
• Some report verbs need an indirect object:
presuppose suppose think wonder
'Bring some money,' she reminded us.
The police told us, 'You won't be charged this
time.'
• We often use report verbs that tell us more
about the way someone says something:
'Jump now!' the fireman shouted.
'Get out of my house!' she screamed.
• Here are more examples of these verbs:
boast brag cry exclaim grumble
insist moan mumble mutter
stammer stutter whisper whine yell
• The reporting clause can come before, in the
middle of, or after the direct quotation:
He stood up and announced, 'The party is over.' nerve to tell me
'You see,' he grumbled, '[ can't really afford a
holirfay.'
was ver~ clever/
'You mustn't give up,' his mother insisted. ~..,,..,
.,r
· "'""
- -=--
• Notice the punctuation in the above examples:
in the direct quotes, the comma or full stop
comes inside the quotation marks.

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 REPORTED SPEECH (1)

statements
• Here are common verbs which use this pattern:
A common way of reporting someone's words is advise ask beg command forbid
by using a noun clause beginning with that: instruct invite order persuade
'I can't help you.' becomes: He admitted that remind teach tell urge warn
· he can't help us. • Notice that when we are reporting negative
• However, we often omi.t that, especially when orders, requests, etc., not goes before the
the reporting verb is say or think-. to-infinitive:
'I'm very clever.' becomes: He thinks he's She begged him not to do it.
(= a thought) very clever. He taught us not to tell lies.

questions offers, etc.

We use ask, wonder or want to know to report When we report what a person said, we often use
questions: a verb which describes the speaker's intention,
He asked me where I went. such as an offer or a refusal. The pattern is
I was wortdering why she's here. verb + to-infinitive:
He only wanted to know if we'd met each 'Can I help you?' becomes: She offered to
other before. help me.
See also 8b. 'I won't do it.' becomes: He refused to do it.
• Similar verbs in this group include:
suggestions agree promise swear threaten
volunteer vow
When we report suggestions, we can use suggest
+ noun clause with or without that. We can
include a modaJ verb, usuaJly should or could:
changes to time words
'Why not get becomes: He suggested (that) We often make changes in reported speech to
your hair cut?' I should get my hair words related to time, e.g. tomorrow. These
cut. changes depend on each situation. Here are
'Let's go for examples:
becomes: John suggested
. '
a sw1m. (that) we could go direct speech reported speech
for a swim.
)( .A<Jary sugge5ted us te pestpel'le the meeting. here there
✓ Mary suggested (that) we should postpone ago before
the meeting. before earlier
• We often omit the modal verbs: last week the week before
He suggested I get my hair cut.
next week the next week I the week after I
John suggested we go for a swim.
the following week
now then / that day/at the moment
commands
this that/ the
When we report requests, orders o r commands, these
o r other kinds of persuasion, we often use the those /the
pattern ask, etc. sb to do sth: that that/the
'Wake me up becomes: Michael told his this morning that 1norning
early, Dad!' dad to wake him today that day
Michael said. up early. to111orrow the next day I the following day
'Please let me becomes: Anne begged her tonight that night
watch the mntc/1, mum to let her
Mum,' Anne snid. yesterday the dny before I the previo11s riny
watch the match.

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 REPORTED SPEECH (1)
-
reported statements - tense changes
When we report statements that were made in the past, we change the tense of the
original (direct) speech:

direct speech reported speech tense change

He said (that) ...
'I want to buy it.' he wanted to buy it. Present Simple becomes: Past Simple
'I'm writing a letter.' he was writing a letter. Present Continuous becomes: Past
Continuous
'I've come to mend your car.' he had come to mend my car. Present Perfect becomes: Past Perfect
'I saw your brother.' he had seen my brother. Past Simple becomes: Past Perfect
he saw my brother. (but, we need not change the tense
if the order of events is clear)
'l was trying to do it.' he had been trying to do it. Past Continuous becomes:
Past Perfect Continuous
'I'll help you.' he would help me. will becomes: would
'I can do it.' he could do it. can becomes: could
'I may do it.' he might do it. may becomes: might
'l must go.' he had to go. must becomes: had to

• We can keep the verb in a noun clause in the Present tense when we report things
which are 'timeless', e.g. scientific theories:
Already in ancient times, some philosophers believed that matter consists of atoms.

···································································································································································································
Practice

Complete each sentence in reported speech.

Example: Let me help you.
My fr iend offered to help me.
l 'Why don't we go for a walk?' 6 'I gave you my homework last week.'
She suggested .............................. . . The boy insisted ............................. .
2 'I wasn't anywhere near the scene of the crime.' 7 'Could you come and pick me up fro m
The accused claimed ........................ . school today, dad?'
3 'This spot is the best place fo r a picnic.' Billy asked ................................... .
My father said .. .. ................... . 8 'If I were you, I wouldn't drink so much.'
4 'The swallows return every spring and fly He advised his friend ....................... .
past my window.' 9 'I won't help you because you didn't help
,
She explained ......... ................. .. ... . me.
5 'Can you answer the phone? I'm having a a Joan said ............................. ..... .
shower!' b Joan refused . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .
He asked his son ...... .. .......... .. ....... . 10 'I'll bring it back tomorrow.'
a He said ..... .. ... ...... .. ................ .. .
b He promised ........... ................... .
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 REPORTED SPEECH ( 1)

O Match the first part (1-10) with an appropriate reporting verb (a-j).
I 'If you do that again, I'll leave,' a she whispered.
2 'I'm now going to read out the results,' b he answered.
3 'Could you bring me the wine list?' c she shouted.
4 'Of course, I'll bring it right away,' d she threatened.
5 'Our team will easily beat yours,' e she announced.
6 'Please give me another chance,' f he claimed.
7 'Shhh! The baby's sleeping,' g he asked.
8 'I'm innocent of all the charges,' h she begged.
9 'First of all, you press the button,' he boasted.
10 'Careful! The water's deep!' he explained.

e Finish these sentences using the information above. Use reported speech.
1 She threatened . . . .. . . . ... . . . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 6 She begged them ........ ... .. .. .... ..... ...... ... .... .
2 She announced that she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 She whispered that ... ....... ........ ..... ... ... ..... .
3 He asked the waiter . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 8 He claimed ....... ............... .............. ... ....... .
4 The waiter answered . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 9 He explained that ... ..... .... .......... ..... .. ....... .
5 He boasted that ... . ....... ..... ..... . ..... .. .. . . ..... .. . 10 She shouted to us ...... ..... ............. .... ...... .. .

C, Complete the following letter using the correct form of a verb from the list.
The first (0) is given as an example.

~ buy make snow give rmss send cost have live plan
go love think enjoy

Dear Rose,
Thanks for your letter. I've got lots of news for you this time. We went to see 'Titanic'. Everyone
had said it ..... .. ~~~........ (0) great and that nobody should . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) it. There has
been a lot of publicity on TV about it recently which told us how much it ..... ........ .. ..... (2) to
make and all that, and Liz and Tony saw it and said they .. ..... ............. (3) it. I was a bit
disappointed - I didn't think it ............... ... .. (4) up to expectations. Anyway, I suggest you
...... ...... .. .. .... (5) and see it and ...... .. ........... . (6) up your own mind.
Ah, yes, I got a call from your uncle in Canada who said he .. ... ... ........ .... (7) you a parcel -
have you got it yet? He said it ........ .. ...... .. .. (8) there, and everything was white but he added
they always ......... ..... ...... (9) a heavy winter. He also told me they .... ..... .. ..... .. .. (10) a new
jeep and they .. .................. (11) to travel round the States in it in the summer. He said he
.. .... ........ ... .. . (12) us a ride in it if we popped over for a holiday. I replied that we
.. ...... .... ....... . (13) to go over if he agreed to pay all our expenses! He laughed and said he
................. ... (14) about it and let us know!

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 reported speech (2)

reported speech: questions • However, we must use whether, not if, when w1
are asking someone to make a choice:
When we report questions, we do not follow the
'Do you want becomes: They asked me
normal question order. Instead, we use the word
coffee or tea?' whether I wante
order of a statement:
they asked. coffee or tea.
'Can I leave the becomes: I asked if I could
room?' I asked. leave the room. • We must also use whether when we include the
phrase or not. We use whether... or not to
X She ~~ked ,ne where was I frnm. emphasise the necessity for an answer, often
✓ She asked me where I was from.
because we are irritated or angry:
• In very informal English, we can invert the 'Are you going becomes: She asked him
subject and be but this is unusual: to tell me the whether he was
She asked where was the man going. answer or not?' going to tell her
• When we report questions, we do not use she said. the answer or no
quotation marks or a question mark: 'Is he coming or becomes: Did he say
'How is Johnny becomes: She asked how not?' whether he was
getting on at Johnny was getting coming or not?
school?' she asked. on at school. • Here is a list of verbs and verb phrases we can
use before if and whether clauses:
yes/no questions
ask want to know wonder (not) say
When we report questions that can be answered cannot remember enquire
by yes or no (for example Are you happy here?
Do you live in a flat?), we use a noun clause wh-questions
beginning with if or whether: When we report a wh-question, we use the
'Are you happy becomes: She asked me wh-word: who, where, why, what, etc. or how,
here?' she asked. if!whether I how far, how long, etc:
was happy there. 'Who built that becomes: She wanted to
'Does he live in becomes: She wondered if! castle?' she know who had
a large flat?' whether he lived wanted to know. built that castle.
she wondered. in a large flat. 'Where did you becomes: He inquired
• We can usually use either if or whether: go this summer?' where we had
'Are the summers becomes: He enquired gone that summE
very hot there?' if/whether the 'What time is it?' becomes: She asked us
he enquired. summers were what the time
very hot there. was. I She wante1
'Have you always becomes: They asked to know what tJ
lived in the old him if/whether time was.
town?' he had always
lived in the old tense changes
town.
Tense changes for reported questions in the pas·
See also Sa. are the same as for reported statements (see
page 132).

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 REPORTED SPEECH (Z)

Practice

e Change the following into indirect questions beginning with the words given.
1 Can I have some more pocket money?
The boy asked . .. .. . .. . . .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
2 Where were you born?
She asked him ...... .......... ....... ... ...... ... .......... ....................... .......... .
3 How far is the stadium?
He wanted to know .... .... ............ ........ .. .. .. ... .... ................ ... ....... .. . .
4 Are you still living in London?
She asked ... ............ ........................... .. ...... ........ ....... ........ ...... ...... .
5 Do you work in the central branch or in the provinces?
She asked him . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .
6 Are you going to give me the money or not?
She wanted to know .... ............................ ... .................. .......... ...... .
7 Did he bring the book back?
I didn't know .... ..... ..... .. ... ... ... ..... .... .............. ......... ...................... .
8 Who bought the Picasso painting ?
He wondered ..... .............. .. ..... ...... ... ......... ..... ......... ... ................... .
9 Where did you get such a lovely pullover?
She asked her sister . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .

Re-order these words to make yes/no and wh-questions which might be asked
at a job interview.
Example: trip/ did / have/you/ nice/ a
Did you have a nice trip ?
1 long/ the/ take/ how/ did / journey 8 worked/ how/ as/ editor /long/ an / you / have
..................................... ......... ········ ·· ······ ·· ? .............. ...... ........ .... ......... ....................... ?
2 was/in/ snowing/ it/ Manchester 9 ca n/work/you /when /start
.... ....... .......................... .. ......................... ? ....... .... ... ... .... .... ... ...... ..... ..... .................... ?
3 you/how/are/old 10 like/your/ most /you /what / job/ do/ about
.. ... .................. ..................... ......... ........... ? •••• ••••• •• • ••••• •• oo • ••••oo•••• • ••••••••••••••• •• ••••• •• ••••••• ?

4 were/ where/ born/ you 11 us /you/told /who/about

.... .. .......... .... .......................... .......... .... .... ? • • • •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••oo•••• ?

5 here/ you /lived /long/ how/ have 12 good/ a/what/ manager / are/ qualities / the/ of
•••••••••••••• • •••• • • • oo••••••••• •• • • ••• •• • •••OO•••••••• • •"•••• ? ............................. .. .................... .. ........... ?
6 you /are/married 13 expect/be/much/you/ do / how/to/ paid
................... .............. ............. .. .. ...... .. .. ... . ? ••••• ••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••••oooo••••••••••••••••••••• • •• ?

7 you I a/ do/ family/ have 14 paid / last/ in / much /how /you /being/ were /
................................................................ ? job/ your
.. .. ...... .... ................ ... ........ ..... .. .............. .. ?

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 REPORTED SPEECH (2)

f) Read the text below and add the word which best fits each space.

have just been through the annual the maternity department to cover my

I humiliation of buying a swimming

costume. When I was young, some
were designed for the fuller figure and did a
'mature hlps'. I said that I would go there
the ............... (7) day. I'll never have any
luck, I .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. (8) as I walked home.
good job. I wondered .. ... .. .. ... .. ... (1) I The next day l did find a plain blue costume
would find anything suitable. After all, and the assistant invited me to enter the
today's stretch fabrics are styled for a 11atler chamber of horrors known as the fitting
shape. I saw one 11oral costume and room. As I pulled the costume on. I stared
.. ............. (2) if I should try it on. I looked in disbelief - my whole bust had
like a hippopotamus! The sales assistant disappeared under my armpits! A young
tried to be kind. She wanted ............... (3) sales girl was standing at the exit.
know where I .. .. .. .. . .. ... . (4) going for my She asked me rather rudely .. .. ... .. .... .. .. (9)
holidays and how long I ............... (5) be I was going Lo buy Lhe costume or
away. AL last she gave up and suggested .. ............... (10). I pushed it inlo her hands
. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . (6) I looked for something in and fled.

0 Read the following text carefully. Some of the lines are correct but in the others
there is a word which should not be there. If the sentence is correct, tick(✓) it.
If there is an incorrect word in the sentence, write it at the end in the space
provided. The first two are given as examples.

A JOB INTERVIEW
I think the interview went well. He wanted to know whether a .1:'-'.h~~hYr.
number of things about me and what I had been doing ✓ .....
.........
1 in the last few years. First, he asked me if I have had had
2 a nice trip down from Manchester and how lo ng it
3 had been taken me to get there. He also wanted to know
4 whether or it had been snowing in Manchester. The chitchat
5 over, he asked from me how old I was and where I was born
6 although I had sent him my CV by post. He then asked
7 how long I had I lived in Manchester and I told him. His
8 next question was the whether I was married and whether I had
9 a family or not. I explained him that I was separated and that
10 I had one daughter. He asked me how long did l had wo rked as an
11 editor and how much I was had being paid in my present job. He
12 asked me what was I liked most about my job and who had told me
13 about their company. The main questions he asked m e were about the
14 qualities of a good manager. Finally, he asked how much have
15 I expected to be paid. I think the interview went very well.

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