VISION ​IAS

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Year No of Questions
2010 14
2011 15
2012 13
2013 17
2014 18
2015 13
2016 16
2017 13
2018 11
2019 20

Topic No of Questions
Ecology 26
Climate Change 12
Pollution 14
Protected Area 11
Resource Conservation 8
Act 12
Biodiversity 34
Treaty/Body/Convention 33

S. N. Year Sub-Sectio Question Answers

n
1 2018 Ecology Which of the following leaf modifications occur(s) in the D
desert areas to inhibit water loss?
1. Hard and waxy leaves
2. Tiny leaves
3. Thorns instead of leaves
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 2 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
2 2018 Ecology With reference to agricultural soils, consider the following B
statements:
1. A high content of organic matter in soil drastically
reduces its water holding capacity.
2. Soil does not play any role in the sulphur cycle.
3. Irrigation over a period of time can contribute to the
salinization of some agricultural lands.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only

 
 (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a standard criterion C
for
3 2017 Ecology (a) Measuring oxygen levels in blood
(b) Computing oxygen levels in forest ecosystems
(c) Pollution assay in aquatic ecosystems
(d) Assessing oxygen levels in high altitude regions
With reference to bio-toilets used by the Indian Railways, D
consider the following statements:
1. The decomposition of human waste in the
bio-toilets in initiated by a fungal inoculum.
4 2015 Ecology 2. Ammonia and water vapour are the
only end products in this decomposition which
are released into the atmosphere.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Which one of the following is the best description of the C
term 'ecosystem'?
(a) A community of organisms interacting with one
5 2015 Ecology
another
(b) That part of the Earth which is inhabited by living
organisms
(c) A community of organisms together with the
environment in which they live
(d) The flora and fauna of a geographical area
Lichens, which are capable of initiating ecolological B
succession even on a bare rock, are actually a
6 2014 Ecology
symbiotic association of
(a) algae and bacteria (b) algae and fungi
(c) bacteria and fungi (d) fungi and mosses
With reference to Neem tree, consider the following D
statements :
1. Neem oil can be used as a pesticide to control
the proliferation of some species of insects and mites.
7 2014 Ecology 2. Neem seeds are used in the manufacture
of biofuels and hospital detergents.
3. Neem oil has applications in
pharmaceutical industry.

Which of the statements given above

is/are correct ?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of a A
8 2014 Ecology food chain ?
(a) Diatoms-Crustaceans-Herrings (b)
Crustaceans-Diatoms-Herrings
(c) Diatoms-Herrings-Crustaceans (d)
Crustaceans-Herrings-Diatoms

 
 Consider the following : C
1. Bats
2. Bears
9 2014 Ecology 3. Rodents
The phenomenon of hibernation can be observed in
which of the above kinds of animals ?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) Hibernation cannot be observed in
any of the above
If you walk through countryside, you are likely to see some B
birds stalking alongside the cattle to seize the insects
disturbed by their movement through grasses. Which one
of the following is/are such bird/birds ?
10 2014 Ecology 1. Painted Stork
2. Common Myna
3. Black-necked Crane
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only
With reference to the food chains in ecosystems, B
which of the following kinds of organism is/are known
as decomposer organism/organisms?
11 2013 Ecology
1. Virus
2. Fungi
3. Bacteria
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Mycorrhizal biotechnology has been used in D
rehabilitating degraded sites because mycorrhiza
enables the plants to
12 2013 Ecology
1. Resist drought and increase absorptive area
2. Tolerate extremes of pH
3. Resist disease infestation
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
In the grasslands, trees do not replace the grasses as a C
part of an ecological succession because of
13 2013 Ecology
(a) insects and fungi
(b) limited sunlight and paucity of nutrients
(c) water limits and fire
(d) None of the above
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of C
ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity?
14 2013 Ecology
(a) Oceans, lakes, grasslands, mangroves
(b) Mangroves, oceans, grasslands, lakes
(c) Mangroves, grasslands, lakes, oceans
(d) Oceans, mangroves, lakes, grasslands

 
 With reference to food chains in ecosystems, consider the A
following statements:
1. A food chains illustrates the order in which a chain
of organisms feed upon each other.
15 2013 Ecology 2. Food chains are found within the populations of a
species.
3. A food chain illustrates the numbers of each
organism which are eaten by others.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None
Consider the following organisms: B
1. Agaricus
2. Nostoc
16 2013 Ecology
3. Spirogyra
Which of the above is/are used as
biofertilizer/biofertilizers?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only
Which one of the following terms describes not only B
the physical space occupied by an organism, but also
17 2013 Ecology its functional role in the community of organisms?
(a) Ecotone (b) Ecological niche
(c) Habitat (d) Home range
Photochemical smog is a resultant of the reaction among A
(a) NO2, O3 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of
18 2013 Ecology sunlight
(b) CO, O2 and peroxyacetyl nitrate in the presence of
sunlight
(c) CO, CO2 and NO2 at low temperature
(d) high concentration of NO2, O3 and CO in the evening
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment describes the C
following major categories of ecosystem
19 2012 Ecology services—provisioning, supporting, regulating,
preserving and cultural. Which one of the following is
supporting service?
(a) Production of food and water
(b) Control of climate and disease
(c) Nutrient cycling and crop pollination
(d) Maintenance of diversity
The surface of a lake is frozen in severe winter, but the C
water at its bottom is still liquid. What is the reason?
(a) Ice is a bad conductor of heat
20 2011 Ecology (b) Since the surface of the lake is at the same
temperature as the air, no heat is lost
(c) The density of water is maximum at 4ºC
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is
correct

 
 Consider the following statements: C
1. Biodiversity is normally greater in the lower
latitudes as compared to the higher latitudes.
21 2011 Ecology 2. Along the mountain gradients, biodiversity is
normally greater in the lower altitudes as compared to the
higher altitudes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Biodiversity forms the basis for human existence in the D
following ways:
1. Soil formation
22 2011 Ecology 2. Prevention of soil erosion
3. Recycling of waste
4. Pollination of crops
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2 3 and 4
In the context of ecosystem productivity, marine B
upwelling zones are important as they increase the
marine productivity by bringing the
23 2011 Ecology
1. Decomposer microorganism to the surface.
2. Nutrients to the surface.
3. Bottom-dwelling organisms to the surface.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only
If a tropical rain forest is removed, it does not A
regenerate quickly as compared to a tropical
deciduous forest. This is because
24 2011 Ecology
(a) The soil of rain forest is deficient in nutrients
(b) Propagules of the trees in a rain forest have poor
viability
(c) The rain forest species are slow growing
(d) Exotic species invade the fertile soil of rain forest
A pesticide which is a chlorinated hydrocarbon is sprayed D
on a food crop. The food chain is: Food crop – Rat –
Snake – Hawk. In this food chain, the highest
concentration of the pesticide would accumulate in which
25 2010 Ecology
one of the following?
(a) Food crop
(b) Rat
(c) Snake
(d) Hawk
From the point of view of evolution of living B
organisms, which one of the following is the correct
26 2010 Ecology
sequence of evolution?
(a) Otter – Tortoise – Shark (b) Shark – Tortoise – Otter
(c) Tortoise – Shark – Otter (d) Shark – Otter – Tortoise

 
 27 2018 In which one of the following States is Pakhui A
Protected Wildlife Sanctuary located?
Area (a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Manipur
(c) Meghalaya
(d) Nagaland

28 Consider the following states: C

Protected 1. Chhattisgarh
Area 2. Madhya Pradesh
2019 3. Maharashtra
4. Odisha
With reference to the States mentioned above, in
terms of percentage of forest cover to the total
area of State, which one of the following is the
correct ascending order?
(a) 2-3-1-4
(b) 2-3-4-1
(c) 3-2-4-1
(d) 3-2-1-4
Which of the following statements can help in C
water conservation in agriculture?
1. Reduced or zero tillage of the land
Resource 2. Applying gypsum before irrigating the field
29 2017 Conservati
3. Allowing crop residue to remain in the field
on
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Recently there was a proposal to translocate some of B
Protected the lions from their habitat in Gujarat to which one of
30 2017
Area the following sites?
(a) Corbett National Park (b) Kuno Palpur Wildlife
Sanctuary
(c) Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary (d) Sariska National Park
31 2019 Pollution Consider the following statements: D
1. Agricultural soils release nitrogen oxides into
environment.
2. Cattle release ammonia into environment.
3. Poultry industry releases reactive nitrogen compounds
into environment.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only. (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

 
 32 2019 Pollution In the context of which one of the following are the D
terms ‘pyrolysis and plasma gasification’ mentioned?
(a) Extraction of rare earth elements
(b) Natural gas extraction technologies
(c) Hydrogen fuel-based automobiles
(d) Waste-to-energy technologies

33 2019 Pollution Consider the following: D

1. Carbon monoxide
2. Methane
3. Ozone
4. Sulphur dioxide
Which of the above are released into atmosphere due
to the burning of crop/biomass residue?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

34 2019 Pollution Why is there a great concern about the ‘microbeads’ A

that are released into environment?
(a) They are considered harmful to marine
ecosystems.
(b) They are considered to cause skin cancer in
children.
(c) They are small enough to be absorbed by crop
plants in irrigated fields.
(d) They are often found to be used as food
adulterants.

35 2019 Pollution In India the use of carbofuran, Methyl parathion, A

Phorate and triazophos is viewed with apprehension.
These chemicals are used as
(a) pesticides in agriculture
(b) preservatives in processed foods
(c) fruit-ripening agents
(d) moisturizing agents in cosmetics

In the context of solving pollution C

problems, what is/are the
advantage/advantages of bioremediation
technique?
1. It is a technique for cleaning up pollution
36 2017 Pollution by enhancing the same biodegradation process
that occurs in nature.
2. Any contaminant with heavy metals such as
cadmium and lead can be readily and completely
treated by bioremediation using microorganisms.
3. Genetic engineering can be used to create

 
 microorganisms specifically designed for
bioremediation.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
It is possible to produce algae based biofuels, but B
what is/are the likely limitation(s) of developing
countries in promoting this industry?
1. Production of algae based biofuels is possible
in seas only and not on continents.
37 2017 Pollution
2. Setting up and engineering the algae based
biofuels production requires high level of expertise/
technology until the construction is complete.
3. Economically viable production necessitates the
setting up of large scale facilities which may raise
ecological and social concerns.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
38 2019 Climate In the context of which of the following do some D
Change scientists suggest the used of cirrus cloud thinning
technique and the injection of sulphate aerosol into
stratosphere?
(a) Creating the artificial rains in some regions
(b) Reducing the frequency and intensity of tropical
cyclones
(c) Reducing the adverse effects of solar wind on the
Earth
(d) Reducing the global warming
39 2019 Climate Which of the following statements are correct about D
Change the deposits of ‘methane hydrate?
1. Global warming might trigger the release of
methane gas from these deposits.
2. Large deposits of ‘methane hydrate’ are found in
Arctic Tundra and under the seafloor.
3. Methane in atmosphere oxidizes to carbon dioxide
after decade or two.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only. (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the following statements best describes A
"carbon fertilization"?
(a) Increased plant growth due to increased
Climat concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
e (b) Increased temperature of Earth due to increased
40 2018 Chang concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
e (c) Increased acidity of oceans as a result of increased
concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
(d) Adaptation of all living beings on Earth to the
climate change brought about by the increased
concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

 
 In the context of mitigating the impending global D
warming due to anthropogenic emissions of carbon
dioxide, which of the following can be potential sites
Climat for carbon sequestration?
41 2017
e 1. Abandoned and uneconomic coal seams
Chang 2. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs
e 3. Subterranean deep saline formations
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to the circumstances in Indian agriculture, C
the concept of "Conservation Agriculture" assumes
significance. Which of the following fall under the
Conservation Agriculture?
1. Avoiding the monoculture practices
2. Adopting minimum tillage
42 2018 Resource 3. Avoiding the cultivation of plantation crops
Conservati 4. Using crop residues to cover soil surface
on 5. Adopting spatial and temporal crop sequencing/crop
rotations
Select the correct answre using the code given below:
(a) 1, 3 and 4 (b) 2, 3, 4 and 5
(c) 2, 4 and 5 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 5
Which of the following is/are the possible consequence/s of B
heavy sand mining in river beds?
1. Decreased salinity in the river
Resource 2. Pollution of groundwater
43 2018 Conservation 3. Lowering of the water - table
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the following is/are the advantage/advantages of C
practicing drip irritation?
1. Reduction in weed
Resource 2. Reduction in soil salinity
44 2016
Conservati 3. Reduction' in-soil erosion
on
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only
(d) None of the above is an advantage of practising drip
irrigation
Why does the Government of India promote the use of B
‘Neem-coated Urea’ in agriculture?
(a) Release of Neem oil in the soil increases
Resource nitrogen fixation by the soil microorganisms
45 2016
Conservati (b) Neem coating slows down the rate of dissolution of urea
on in the soil
(c) Nitrous oxide, which is a greenhouse gas, is
not at all released into atmosphere by crop fields
(d) It is a combination of a weedicide and a fertilizer for
particular crops
Which of the following National Parks is unique in B
being a swamp with floating vegetation that
Protected supports a rich biodiversity?
46 2015
Area (a) Bhitarkanika National Park
(b) Keibul Lamjao National Park
(c) Keoladeo Ghana National Park

 
 (d) Sultanpur National Park
What can be the impact of excessive/inappropriate C
use of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture ?
1. Proliferation of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in
soil can occur.
47 2015 Pollution 2. Increase in the acidity of soil can take place.
3. Leaching of nitrate to the
ground water can occur.
Select the correct answer using the
codes given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to 'fly ash' produced by the power plants A
using coal as fuel, which of the following statements
is/are correct ?
1. Fly ash can be used in the producion of bricks for
building construction.
48 2015 Pollution
2. Fly ash can be used as a replacement for some
of the Portland cement contents of concrete.
3. Fly ash is made up of silicon dioxide and calcium
oxide only, and does not contain any toxic elements.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 only
49 2019 Protected Area Which of the following are in Agasthyamala Biosphere A
Reserve?
(a) Neyyar, Peppara and ​Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuaries; and
Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve
(b) Mudumalai, Sathyamangalam, Wayanand Sanctuaries; and Silent Valley
National Park
(c) Kaundinya, Gundla Brahmeshwaram and Papikonda wildlife sanctuaries
and Mukurthi National Park
(d) Kawal and Sri Venkateswara Wildlife sanctuaries, and Nagarjuna –
Srisailm tiger reserve

50 2019 Protected Area Which one of the following National Parks lies completely D
in the temperate alpine
(a) Manas National Park
(b) Namdahpa National Park
(c) Neora Valley National Park
(d) Valley of Flowers National Park
Which one of the following regions of India has a D
combination of mangrove forest, evergreen forest and
Protected deciduous forest ?
51 2015
Area (a) North Coastal Andhra Pradesh
(b) South-West Bengal
(c) Southern Saurashtra
(d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands

 
 Which one of the following National Parks has a D
climate that varies from tropical to subtropical,
Protected
temperate and arctic?
52 2015 Area
(a) Khangchendzonga National Park
(b) Nandadevi National Park
(c) Neora Valley National Park
(d) Namdapha National Park
Which of the following are some important pollutants D
released by steel industry in India ?
1. Oxides of sulphur
53 2014 Pollution 2. Oxide of nitrogen
3. Carbon monoxide
4. Carbon dioxide
Select the correct answer using the
code given below.
(a) 1, 3 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
With reference to 'Eco-Sensitive Zones', which of the D
following statements is/are correct ?
1. Eco-Sensitive Zones are the areas that are
Protected declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
54 2014 2. The purpose of the declaration of
Area
Eco-Sensitive Zones is to prohibit all kinds of human
activities in those zones except agriculture.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
There is some concern regarding the nanoparticles D
of some chemical elements that are used by the
industry in the manufacture of various products.
Why ?
55 2014 Pollution 1. They can accumulate in the environment and
contaminate water and soil.
2. They can enter the food chains.
3. They can trigger the
production of free radicals.
Select the correct answer using the
code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the following adds/ads carbon dioxide to the C
carbon cycle on the planet Earth ?
1. Volcanic action 2. Respiration
56 2014 Climat
3. Photosynthesis 4. Decay of
e
organic matter
Chang
Select the correct answer using the code
e
given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1, 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

 
 Consider the following pairs : A
Wetlands : Conference of rivers
1. Harike Wetlands : Confluence of Beas and Satluj/
Protected Sutlej
57 2014
Area 2. Keoladeo Ghana National Park: Confluence of Banas
and Chambal
3. Kolleru Lake: Confluence of
Musi and Krishna
Which of the above pairs is/are
correctly matched ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
The scientific view is that the increase in global B
temperature should not exceed 20C above
pre-industrial level. If the global temperature increases
beyond 30C above the pre-industrial level, what can be
its possible impact/impacts on the world?
58 2014 Climat
1. Terrestrial biosphere tends toward a net carbon
e
source.
Chang
e 2. Widespread coral mortality will occur.
3. All the global wetlands will permanently disappear.
4. Cultivation of cereals will not be possible
anywhere in the world. Select the correct answer
using the code given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Which of the following can be found as pollutants in C
the drinking water in some parts of India?
1. Arsenic
2. Sorbitol
59 2013 Pollution 3. Fluoride
4. Formaldehyde
5. Uranium
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2, 4 and 5 only
(c) 1, 3 and 5 only (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Due to improper/indiscriminate disposal of hold and used B
computers or their parts, which of the following are
released into the environment as e-waste?
1. Beryllium
2. Cadmium
60 2013 Pollution 3. Chromium
4. Heptachlor
5. Mercury
6. Lead
7. Plutonium
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 3, 4, 6 and 7 only
(b) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only
(c) 2, 4, 5 and 7 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7
Acid rain is caused by the pollution of environment by D
(a) carbon dioxide and nitrogen
61 2013 Pollution (b) carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
(c) ozone and carbon dioxide
(d) nitrous oxide and sulphur dioxide
 
 In which of the following States is lion-tailed macaque A
found in its natural habitat?
1. Tamil Nadu
Protected 2. Kerala
62 2013
Area 3. Karnataka
4. Andhra Pradesh
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Biomass gasification is considered to be one of the A
sustainable solutions to the power crisis in India. In this
context, which of the following statements is/are
correct?
1. Coconut shells, groundnut shells and rice husk
Resource can be used in biomass gasification.
63 2012 Conservati
2. The combustible gases generated consist of
on
hydrogen and carbon dioxide only.
3. The combustible gases generated from biomass
gasification can be used for direct heat generation but
not in internal combustion engines.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
What is the role of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the A
water purification systems?
1. It inactivates/kills the harmful microorganisms in
water.
64 2012 Pollution 2. It removes all the undesirable odours from the
water.
3. It quickens the sedimentation of solid
particles, removes turbidity and improves the clarity
of water.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Consider the following statements: C
Chlorofluorocarbons, known as ozone-depleting
substances, are used
65 2012 Pollution 1. In the production of plastic foams.
2. In the production of tubeless tyres.
3. In cleaning certain electronic components.
4. As pressurizing agents in aerosol cans.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 4 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
The increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the air is D
slowly raising the temperature of the atmosphere,
Climat because it absorbs
66 2012
e (a) The water vapour of the air and retains its heat.
Chang (b) The ultraviolet part of the solar radiation.
e (c) All the solar radiations.
(d) The infrared part of the solar radiation.

 
 Which one of the following groups of animals A
belongs to the category of endangered species?
Protected
67 2012 (a) Great Indian Bustard, Musk Deer, Red Panda and
Area
Asiatic Wild Ass
(b) Kashmir Stag, Cheetal, Blue Bull and Great Indian
Bustard
(c) Snow Leopard, Swamp Deer, Rhesus Monkey and
Saras (Crane)
(d) Lion-tailed Macaque, Blue Bull, Hanuman Langur and
Cheetal
Consider the following agricultural practices: C
1. Contour bunding
2. Relay cropping
Resource
68 2012 3. Zero tillage
Conservati
In the context of global climate change, which of the
on
above helps/help in carbon sequestration/storage in
the soil?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3(d) None of them
Salinization occurs when the irrigation water B
accumulated in the soil evaporates, leaving behind
salts and minerals. What are the effects of
69 2011 Pollution salinization on the irrigated land?
(a) It greatly increases the crop production
(b) It makes some soils impermeable
(c) It raises the water table
(d) It fills the air spaces in the soil with water
There is a concern over the increase in harmful D
algal blooms in the seawaters of India. What
could be the causative factors for this
phenomenon?
70 2011 Pollution
1. Discharge of nutrients from the estuaries.
2. Run-off from the land during the monsoon.
3. Upwelling in the seas.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to micro-irrigation, which of the A
following statements is/are correct?
1. Fertilizer/nutrient loss can be reduced.
2. It is the only means of irrigation in dry land
Resource farming.
71 2011 Conservati 3. In some areas of farming, receding of ground
on
water table can be checked.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 only
(b)2 and 3 only
(c)1 and 3 only
(d)1, 2 and 3

 
 Consider the following: D
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Oxides of Nitrogen
72 2011 Pollution 3. Oxides of Sulphur
Which of the above is/are the emission/emissions from
coal combustion at thermal power plants?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
The formation of ozone hole in the Antarctic region B
has been a cause of concern. What could be the
reason for the formation of this hole?
(a) Presence of prominent tropospheric
73 2011 Climat
e turbulence; and inflow of chlorofluorocarbons
Chang (b) Presence of prominent polar front and
e stratospheric clouds; and inflow of chlorofluorocarbons.
(c) Absence of polar front and stratospheric clouds;
and inflow of methane and chlorofluorocarbons.
(d) Increased temperature at polar region due to global
warming
Which one of the following is not a site for in-situ B
Protected method of conservation of flora?
74 2011
Area (a) Biosphere Reserve (b) Botanical Garden
(c) National Park (d) Wildlife Sanctuary
Three of the following criteria have contributed to the C
recognition of Western Ghats-Sri Lanka and Indo-Burma
regions as hotspots of biodiversity:
1. Species richness
2. Vegetation density
75 2011 Protected 3. Endemism
Area 4. Ethno-botanical importance
5. Threat perception
6. Adaptation of flora and fauna to
warm and humid conditions
Which three of the above are correct criteria
in this context?
(a) 1 2 and 6
(b) 2, 4 and 6
(c) 1, 3 and 5
(d) 3, 4 and 6
Human activities in the recent past have caused the C
increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere, but a lot of it does not remain in the lower
atmosphere because of
Climat
1. Its escape into the outer stratosphere.
76 2011
e 2. The photosynthesis by phytoplankton in the oceans.
Chang 3. The trapping of air in the polar ice caps.
e Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only

 
 Consider the following statements: A
1. On the planet Earth, the fresh water available
for use amounts to about less than 1% of the total
Climat water found.
78 2010
e 2. Of the total fresh water found on the planet
Chang Earth 95% is bound up in polar ice caps and
e glaciers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Indiscriminate disposal of used fluorescent electric B
lamps causes mercury pollution in the environment.
Why is mercury used in the manufacture of these
lamps?
(a) A mercury coating on the inside of the lamp makes
79 2010 Pollution
the light bright white
(b) When the lamp is switched on, the mercury
in the lamp causes the emission of ultra-violet
radiations
(c) When the lamp is switched on, it is the mercury
which converts the ultra- violet energy into visible light
(d) None of the statement given above is correct about the
use of mercury in the manufacture of fluorescent
lamps
Due to their extensive rice cultivation, some regions may C
be contributing to global warming. To what possible
reason/reasons is this attributable?
Climat 1. The anaerobic conditions associated with
80 2010
e rice cultivation cause the emission of methane.
Chang 2. When nitrogen based fertilizers are used,
e nitrous oxide is emitted from the cultivated soil.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
81 2019 Act In India, ‘extended producer responsibility’ was C
introduced as an important feature in which of the
following?
(a) The Bio-medical Waste (Management and Handling)
Rules, 1998
(b) The Recycled Plastic (Manufacturing and Usage)
Rules, 1999
(c) The e-Waste (Management and Handling) Rules,
2011
(d) The Food Safety and Standard Regulations, 2011

82 2019 Act
Consider the following statements: A
1. As per law, the Compensatory Afforestation Fund
Management and Planning Authority exists at both
National and State levels.
2. People’s participation is mandatory in the
compensatory afforestation programmes carried out
under the Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act, 2016.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only. (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

 
 83 2019 Act
Consider the following statements: C
The Environment Protection Act, 1986 empowers the
Government of India to
1. state the requirement of public participation in the
process of environmental protection, and the procedure
and manner in which it is sought
2. lay down the standards for emission or discharge of
environmental pollutants from various sources
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only. (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
84 2019 Act/Rules
As per the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 in C
India, which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) Waste generator has to segregate waste five
categories.
(b) The Rules are applicable to notified urban local
bodies, notified towns and all industrial townships only.
(c) The Rules provide for exact and elaborate criteria or
the identification of sites for landfills and waste
processing facilities.
(d) It is mandatory the part of waste generator that the
waste generated in one district cannot be moved to
another district.

85 2019 Act
Consider the following statements: B
1. As per recent amendment to the Indian Forest Act,
1927, forest dwellers have the right to fell the bamboos
grown on forest areas.
2. As per the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional
Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act,
2006, bamboo is a minor forest produce.
3. The Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest
Dwellers (Recognition of Forests Rights) Act, 2006
allows ownership of minor forest produce to forest
dwellers.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only. (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
86 2018 Act
How is the National Green Tribunal (NGT) different from B
the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)?
1. The NGT has been established by an Act whereas the
CPCB has been created by an executive order of the
Government.
2. The NGT provides environmental justice and helps
reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts
whereas the CPCB promotes cleanliness of streams and
wells, and aims to improve the quality of air in the

 
 country.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
In India, if a species of tortoise is declared protected A
under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972,
what does it imply?
87 2017 Act (a) It enjoys the same level of protection as the tiger.
(b) It no longer exists in the wild, a few
individuals are under captive protection; and not
it is impossible to prevent its extinction.
(c) It is endemic to a particular region of India.
(d) Both (b) and (c) stated above are correct in this
context.
According to the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, D
which of the following animals cannot be hunted by
any person except under some provisions provided
by law?
88 2017 Act
1. Gharial
2. Indian wild ass
3. Wild buffalo
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee is C
constituted under the
89 2015 Act (a) Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006
(b) Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and
Protection) Act, 1999
(c) Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
(d) Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972
Consider the following statements : B
1. Animal Welfare Board of India is established
under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
90 2014 Act 2. National Tiger Conservation Authority is a
statutory body.
3. National Ganga River Basin Authority is
chaired by the Prime Minister.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 was enacted A
in consonance with which of the following provisions
of the Constitution of India?
1. Right to healthy environment, construed as a
part of Right to life under Article 21.
91 2012 Act
2. Provision of grants for raising the level of
administration in the Scheduled Areas for the welfare of
Scheduled Tribes under Article 275(1).
3. Powers and functions of Gram Sabha as
mentioned under Article 243(A).

Select the correct answer using the codes given

below:

 
 (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (D) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to India, consider the following Central C
Acts:
1. Import and Export (Control) Act, 1947
2. Mining and Mineral development (Regulation) Act, 1957
92 2011 Act
3. Customs Act, 1962
4. Indian Forest Act, 1927
Which of the above Acts have relevance to/bearing
on the biodiversity conservation in the country?
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) None of the above Acts.
Consider the following statements: A
1. The definition of "Critical Wildlife Habitat" is
incorporated in the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
2. For the first time in India, Baigas have been given
Habitat Rights.
93 2018 Act 3. Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change officially decides and declares Habitat Rights for
Primitive and Vulnerable Tribal Groups in any part of India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
2019 Biodiversity Consider the following statements: A
1. Asiatic lion is naturally found in India only.
2. Double-humped camel is naturally found in India only.
94 3. One-horned rhinoceros is naturally found in India only.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

Consider the following statements: D

1. Some species of turtles are herbivores.
2. Some species of fish are herbivores.
95 2019 Biodiversity 3. Some species of marine mammals are herbivores.
4. Some species of snakes are viviparous.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Consider the following pairs: C
Wildlife. Naturally found in
1. Blue-finned Mahseer : Cauvery River
2019 Biodiversity [Link] Dolphin. Chambal River
96 [Link] Spotted Cat Eastern Ghats

Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

If you want to see gharials in their natural B

habitat, which one of the following is the best
place to visit?
97 2017 Biodiversity
(a) Bhitarkanika Mangroves
(b) Chambal River
(c) Pulicat Lake
(d) Deepor Beel

 
 Due to some reasons, if there is a huge fall in the C
population of species of butterflies, what could be its
likely consequence/consequences?
1. Pollination of some plants could be adversely
98 2017 Biodiversity affected.
2. There could be a drastic increase in the
fungal infections of some cultivated plants.
3. It could lead to a fall in the population of
some species of wasps, spiders and birds.

Select the correct using the code given below:

(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
In which of the following regions of India are you most D
likely to come across the ‘Great Indian Hornbill’ in its
natural habitat?
99 2016 Biodiversity
(a) Sand deserts of northwet India
(b) Higher Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Salt marshes of western Gujarat
(d) Western Ghats
What is/are unique about ‘Kharai camel’, a breed found in A
India?
1. It is capable of swimming up to three kilometres in
seawater.
100 2016 Biodiversity 2. It survives by grazing on mangroves.
3. It lives in the wild and cannot
be domesticated.
Select the correct answer using the
code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Which one of the following is the national aquatic animal C
101 2015 Biodiversity of India ?
(a) Saltwater crocodile (b) Olive ridley turtle
(c) Gangetic dolphin (d) Gharial

With reference to 'dugong', a mammal found in India, C

which of the following statements is/are correct ?
1. It is a herbivorous marine animal.
2. It is found along the entire coast of India.
102 2015 Biodiversity 3. It is given legal protection under Schedule I of
the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 (d) 3 only

 
 Among the following organisms, which one does not A
belong to the class of other three ?
103 2014 Biodiversity
(a) Crab (b) Mite
(c) Scorpion (d) Spider
What are the significances of a practical approach to B
sugarcane production known as 'Sustainable
Sugarcane Initiative' ?
1. Seed cost is very low in this compared to the
conventional method of cultivation.
104 2014 Biodiversity
2. Drip irrigation can be practiced very effectively in
this.
3. There is no application of chemical/inorganic
fertilizers at all in this.
4. The scope for intercropping is more in this
compared to the conventional method of cultivation.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 4 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons for C
the decline in the population of Gangas River Dolphins ?
1. Construction of dams and barrages on rivers
2. Increase in the population of crocodiles in rivers.
105 2014 Biodiversity 3. Getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally
4. Use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural
chemicals in crop-fields in the vicinity of rivers
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 3 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
The most important strategy for the conservation of A
biodiversity together with traditional human life is the
106 2014 Biodiversity
establishment of
(a) biosphere (b) reserves
(c) national parks (d) Wildlife sanctuaries
Consider the following fauna and India: C
1. Gharial
2. Leatherback turtle
107 2013 Biodiversity
3. Swamp deer
Which of the above is/are endangered?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) None
Consider the following: A
1. Star tortoise
2. Monitor lizard
108 2013 Biodiversity 3. Pygmy hog
4. Spider monkey
Which of the above are naturally found in India?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Consider the following animals: B
1. Sea cow
2. Sea horse
109 2013 Biodiversity
3. Sea lion
Which of the above is/are mammal/mammals?
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

 
 What is the difference between the antelopes Oryx and A
Chiru?
(a) Oryx is adapted to live in hot and arid areas
110 2012 Biodiversity whereas Chiru is adapted to live in steppes and
semi-desert areas of cold high mountains.
(b) Oryx is poached for its antlers whereas Chiru is
poached for its musk.
(c) Oryx exists in western India only whereas Chiru
exists in north-east India only.
(d) None of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is
correct.
Which of the following can be threats to the A
biodiversity of a geographical area?
1. Global warming
2. Fragmentation of habitat
111 2012 Biodiversity
3. Invasion of alien species
4. Promotion of vegetarianism
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Consider the following: B
1. Black-necked crane
2. Cheetah
112 2012 Biodiversity 3. Flying squirrel
4. Snow leopard
Which of the above are naturally found in India?
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only (b) 1, 3 and 4 only
(c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
What would happen if phytoplankton of an ocean is A
completely destroyed for some reason?
1. The ocean as a carbon sink would be adversely
affected.
113 2012 Biodiversity
2. The food chains in the ocean would be adversely
affected.
3. The density of ocean water
would drastically decrease.
Select the correct answer using the
codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Vultures which used to be very common in Indian B
countryside some years ago are rarely seen nowadays.
This is attributed to
114 2012 Biodiversity
(a) The destruction of their nesting sites by new invasive
species.
(b) A drug used by cattle owners for treating their
diseased cattle.
(c) Scarcity of food available to them.
(d) A widespread, persistent and fatal disease among
them.
A sandy and saline area is the natural habitat of an B
Indian animal species. The animal has no predators in
that area but its existence is threatened due to the
115 2011 Biodiversity
destruction of its habitat. Which one of the following
could be that animal?
(a) Indian wild buffalo (b) Indian wild ass

 
 (c) Indian wild boar (d) Indian gazelle
Recently, “oilzapper” was in the news. What is it? A
(a) It is an eco-friendly technology for the
remediation of oily sludge and oil spills
116 2011 Biodiversity (b) It is the latest technology developed for under-sea oil
exploration
(c) It is a genetically engineered high biofuel-yielding maize
variety
(d) It is the latest technology to control the
accidentally caused flames from oil wells.
The Himalayan Range is very rich in species diversity. B
Which one among the following is the most appropriate
reason for this phenomenon?
117 2011 Biodiversity
(a) It has high rainfall that supports luxuriant vegetative
growth
(b) It is a confluence of different bio-geographical zones
(c) Exotic and invasive species have not been introduced in
this region
(d) It has less human interference
King Cobra is the only snake that makes its own nest. C
Why does it make its nest?
(a) It is a snake-eater and the nest helps attract other
snakes
118 2010 Biodiversity
(b) It is a viviparous snake and needs a nest to give birth of
offspring
(c) It is an oviparous snake and lays its eggs in the
nest and guards the nest until they are hatched
(d) It is a large, cold blooded animal and needs a nest to
hibernate in the cold season
Consider the following statements: B
1. The Taxus tree naturally found in the Himalayas.
2. The Taxus tree is listed in the Red Data Book.
119 2010 Biodiversity 3. A drug called “taxol” is obtained from Taxus
tree is effective against Parkinson’s disease.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Other than Jatropha curcas, why is Pongamia pinnata also C
considered a good option for the production of bio-diesel
in India?
1. Pongamia pinnata grows naturally in most of the
arid regions of India.
120 2010 Biodiversity
2. The seeds of Pongamia pinnata are rich in lipid
content ?
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

 
 Consider the following statements: B
1. Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on the part
of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the
wetlands in the territory of India.
2. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules,
2010 were framed by the Government of India based on
the recommendation of Ramsar Convention.
121 2018 Treaty/Body/C 3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules,
onvention 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment
regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to the 'Global Alliance for Climate-Smart B
Agriculture (GACSA)', which of the following statements
is/are correct?
1. GACSA is an outcome of the Climate Summit help in
122 2018 Treaty/Body/C Paris in 2015.
onvention 2. Membership of GACSA does not create any binding
obligations.
3. India was instrumental in the creation of GACSA.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a B

UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards
greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at
(a) The Earth Summit on Sustainable Development 2002,
Johannesburg
123 2018 Treaty/Body/C (b) The United Nations Conference on Sustainable
onvention Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro
(c) The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
change 2015, Paris
(d) The World Sustainable Development Summit 2016,
New Delhi

2018 Treaty/Body/C "Momentum for Change : Climate Neutral Now" is an C

onvention initiative launched by
(a) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(b) The UNEP Secretariat
124 (c) The UNFCCC Secretariat
(d) The World Meteorological Organization

 
 With reference to ‘Global Climate Change Alliance’, which A
of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is an initiative of the European Union.
2. It provides technical and financial support to
targeted developing countries to integrate climate
125 2017 Treaty/Body/
C change into their development policies and budgets.
onvention 3. It is coordinated by World Resources Institute
(WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable
Development (WBCSD).
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Consider the following statements: B
1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce
Treaty/Body/ Short Lived Climate Pollutants is a unique initiative of
126 2017 G2O group of countries.
C
onvention 2. The CCAC focuses on methane, black carbon and
hydrofluorocarbons.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Consider the following statements in respect of Trade B
Related Analysis of Fauna and Flora in Commerce
(TRAFFIC):
1. TRAFFIC is a bureau under United Nations Environment
127 2017 Treaty/Body/ Programme (UNEP).
C 2. The mission of TRAFFIC is to ensure that trade in wild
onvention plants and animals is not a threat to the conservation of
nature.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Consider the following statements: A
1. The International Solar Alliance was
launched at the United Nations Climate Change
Conference in 2015.
128 2016 Treaty/Body/ 2. The Alliance includes all the member countries
C
onvention of the United Nations.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2

 
 With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC B
Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following
statements is/are correct?
1. The Agreement was signed by all the member
countries of the UN and it will go into effect in 2017.
2. The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas
129 2016 Treaty/Body/ emissions so that the rise in average global temperature
by the end of this century does not exceed 20oC or even
C
1.50C above pre-industrial levels.
onvention
3. Developed countries acknowledged their historical
responsibility in global warming and committed to donate
$ 1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing
countries to cope with climate change.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Consider the following statements: B
1. The Sustainable Development Goals were first
proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the ‘Club of
Treaty/Body/
130 2016 Rome’.
C
2. The Sustainable Development Goals have
onvention
to be achieved by 2030.
Which of the statements given above is/are
correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
The term ‘Intended Nationally Determined Contributions’ is B
sometimes seen in the news in the context of
(a) pledges made by the European countries to
rehabilitate refugees from the war-affected Middle East
Treaty/Body/ (b) plan of action outlined by the countries of the
131 2016 C world to combat climate change
onvention
(c) capital contributed by the member countries
in the establishment of Asian Infrastructure
Investment Bank
(d) plan of action outlined by the countries of the world
regarding Sustainable Development Goals
What is/are the importance/ importances of the C
‘United Convention to Combat Desertification’?
1. It aims to promote effective action
through innovative national programmes and
supportive international partnerships
Treaty/Body/
132 2016 2. It has a special/particular focus on South Asia
C
and North Africa regions, and its Secretariat facilitates
onvention
the allocation of major portion of financial resources to
these regions.
3. It is committed to bottom-up approach,
encouraging the participation of local people in
combating the desertification.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

 
 The FAO accords the status of ‘Globally Important B
Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS)’ to traditional
agricultural systems. What is the overall goal of this
initiative?
1. To provide modern technology, training in
modern farming methods and financial support to local
Treaty/Body/
communities of identified GIAHS so as to greatly
133 2016 C
enhance their agricultural productivity.
onvention
2. To identify and safeguard eco-friendly traditional
farm practices and their associated landscapes,
agricultural biodiversity and knowledge systems of the
local communities.
3. The provide Geographical Indication
status to all the varieties of agricultural produce
in such identifies GIAHS.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Consider the following pairs: C
Terms sometimes seen in the news Their origin
1. Annex-I Countries : Cartagena
Treaty/Body/ Protocol
134 2016 C 2. Certified Emissions Reductions : Nagoya Protocol
onvention
3. Clean Development Mechanisms:
Kyoto Protocol
Which of the pairs given above is/are
correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to an initiative called ‘The Economics of C
Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)’, which of the
following statements is/are correct?
1. It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World
Economic Forum.
Treaty/Body/ 2. It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing
135 2016 C attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.
onvention
3. It presents an approach that can help
decision-makers recognize, demonstrate and
capture the value of ecosystems and biodiversity.
Select the correct answer using the code given
below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Which of the following statements is/are correct? D
Proper design and effective implementation of
UN-REDD+ Programme can significantly
contribute to
136 2016 Treaty/Body/ 1. protection of biodiversity
C
onvention 2. resilience of forest ecosystems
3. poverty reduction
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

 
 What is ‘Greenhouse Gas Protocol’? A
(a) It is an international accounting tool for
government and business leaders to understand, quantify
and manage greenhouse gas emissions.
137 2016 Treaty/Body/ (b) It is an initiative of the United Nations to offer
C financial incentives to developing countries to reduce
onvention greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt eco- friendly
technologies
(c) It is an inter-governmental agreement
ratified by all the member countries of the United
Nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to
specified levels by the year 2022
(d) It is one of the multilateral REDD+ initiatives hosted by
the World Bank
With reference to ‘Agenda 21’, sometimes seen in the A
news, consider the
following statements:
138 2016 Treaty/Body/ 1. It is a global action plan for sustainable
C
development.
onvention
2. It originated in the World Summit on
Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in
2002.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
With reference to the International Union for B
Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (IUCN)
and the Convention of International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES),
which of the following statements is/are correct ?
1. IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and
139 2015 Treaty/Body/
C CITES is an international agreement between
onvention governments.
2. IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the
world to better manage natural environments.
3. CITES is legally binding on the States
that have joined it, but this Conventional does
not take the place of national laws.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to an organization known as 'BirdLife C
International', which of the following statements is/are
correct?
1. It is a Global Partnership of Conservation
140 2015 Treaty/Body/ Organizations.
C
onvention 2. The concept of 'biodiversity hotspots' originated
from this organization.
3. It identifies the sites known/referred to as
'Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas'.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

 
 Which one of the following is associated with the B
Treaty/Body/ issue of control and phasing out of the use of
141 2015 C ozone-depleting substances?
onvention (a) Bretton Woods Conference (b) Montreal Protocol
(c) Kyoto Protocol (d) Nagoya Protocol
Which of the following statements regarding 'Green A
Climate Fund' is/are correct?
1. It is intended to assist the developing
Treaty/Body/ countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to
142 2015 C counter climate change.
onvention 2. It is founded under the aegis of UNEP, OECD,
Asian Development Bank and World Bank.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
(a) 1 only. (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
With reference to 'Forest Carbon Partnership Facility', C
which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is a global partnership of governments,
businesses, civil society and indigenous peoples.
2. It provides financial aid to universities, individual
scientists and institutions involved in scientific forestry
143 2015 Treaty/Body/
C research to develop eco-friendly and climate adaptation
onvention technologies for sustainable forest management.
3. It assists the countries in their 'REDD+
(Reducing Emissions from Deforestation +)' efforts by
providing them which financial and technical
assistance.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only. (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
What is the Rio+20 Conference, often mentioned in the A
news?
Treaty/Body/ (a) It is the United Nations Conference on Sustainable
144 2015
C Development
onvention (b) It is a Ministerial Meeting of the World Trade
Organization
(c) It is a Conference of the Inter Government Panel on
Climate Change.
(d) It is a Conference of the Member Countries
of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
Consider the following international agreements : D
1. The international Treaty on Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture.
Treaty/Body/ 2. The United Nations Convention to Combat
145 2014
C Desertification.
onvention 3. The World Heritage Convention
Which of the above has/have a bearing on the biodiversity
?
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

 
 Consider the following statements regarding 'Earth Hour' C
1. It is an initiative of UNEP and UNESCO
2. It is a movement in which the participants
switch off the lights for one hour on a certain day
146 2014 Treaty/Body/
C every year.
onvention 3. It is a movement to raise the awareness about the
climate change and the need to save the planet.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
If a wetland of international importance is brought A
under the 'Montreux Record', what does it imply ?
(a) Changes in ecological character have occurred,
are occurring or are likely to occur in the wetland as a
result of human interference.
147 2014 Treaty/Body/
C (b) The country in which the wetland is located
onvention should enact a low to prohibit any human activity
within five kilometres from the edge of the wetland.
(c) The survival of the wetland depends on the
cultural practices and traditions of certain
communities living in its vicinity and therefore the
cultural diversity therein should not be destroyed.
(d) It is given the status of 'World Heritage Site'.
With reference to Bombay Natural History Society C
(BNHS), consider the following statements :
1. It is an autonomous organization under the
Ministry of Environment and Forests.
Treaty/Body/ 2. It strives to conserve nature through
148 2014 C
action-based research, education and public
onvention
awareness.
3. It organizes and conducts nature trails and
camps for the general public.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to 'Global Environment Facility', which of A
the following statements is/are correct?
(a) It serves as financial mechanism for 'Convention
on Biological Diversity' and 'United Nations Framework
149 2014 Treaty/Body/ Convention on Climate Change'.
C
onvention (b) It undertakes scientific research on environmental
issues at global level.
(c) It is an agency under OECD to facilitate the
transfer of technology and funds to underdeveloped
countries with specific aim to protect their
environment.
(d) Both (a) and (b)
With reference to a conservation organization B
called 'Wetlands International', which of the
following statements is/are correct ?
Treaty/Body/ 1. It is an intergovernmental organization formed by
150 2014
C the countries which are signatories to Ramsar
onvention Convention.
2. It works at the field level to develop and mobilize
knowledge, and use the practical experience to advocate
for better policies.

 
 Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
The “Red Data Books” published by the International Union B
for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource (IUCN)
contain lists of
Treaty/Body/ 1. Endemic plant and animal species present in the
151 2011
C biodiversity hotspots.
onvention 2. Threatened plant and animal species.
3. Protected sites for conservation of nature and
natural resources in various countries.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 3. (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 3 only
Regarding “carbon credits”, which one of the following D
statements is ​not​ correct?
(a) The carbon credit system was ratified in
conjunction with the Kyoto Protocol
Treaty/Body/ (b) Carbon credits are awarded to countries or
152 2011 C groups that have reduced greenhouse gases below
onvention their emission quota
(c) The goal of the carbon credit system is to limit
the increase of carbon dioxide emission
(d) Carbon credits are traded at a price fixed from time to
time of the United Nation Environment Programme.
India is a party to the Ramsar Convention and has D
declared many areas as Ramsar Sites. Which of the
following statements best describes as to how we should
maintain these sites in the context of this Convention?
(a) Keep all the sites completely inaccessible to man
Treaty/Body/
153 2010 so that they will not be exploited
C
(b) Conserve all the sites through ecosystem
onvention
approach and permit tourism and recreation only
(c) Conserve all the sites through ecosystem
approach for a period without any exploitation, with
specific criteria and specific period for each site, and
then allow sustainable use of then by future
generations.
(d) Conserve all the sites through ecosystem approach and
allow their simultaneous sustainable use
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate B
Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty drawn at
Treaty/Body/ (a) United Nations Conference on the Human Environment,
154 2010
C Stockholm, 1972
onvention (b) UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio
de Janeiro, 1992
(c) World Summit on Sustainable Development,
Johannesburg, 2002
(d) UN Climate Change Conference, Copenhagen, 2009
The term ‘M-STrIPES’ is sometimes seen in the news in the B
context of
155 2017 Biodiversity
(a) Captive breeding of Wild Fauna
(b) Maintenance of Tiger Reserves
(c) Indigenous Satellite Navigation System
(d) Security of National Highways

 
 In the cities of our country, which among the following B
atmospheric gases are normally considered in
calculating the value of Air Quality Index?
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Carbon monoxide
156 2016 Pollution 3. Nitrogen dioxide
4. Sulfur dioxide
5. Methane
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) 1, 4 and 5 only
(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
Which of the following best describes/ describe the aim of C
‘Green India Mission’ of the Government of India?
1. Incorporating environmental benefits and costs into
the Union and State Budgets thereby implementing the
‘green accounting’
157 2016 Climate 2. Launching the second green revolution to
Change
enhance agricultural output so as to ensure food
security to one and all in the future
3. Restoring and enhancing forest cover and
responding to climate change by a combination of
adaptation and mitigation measures
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to ‘Red Sanders’, sometimes seen in the A
news, consider the
following statements:
1. It is a tree species found in a part of South India.
158 2016 Biodiversity
2. It is one of the most important trees in the
tropical rain forest areas of South India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2
How does National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) help in C
protecting the Indian Agriculture?
1. NBA checks the biopiracy and protects the
indigenous and traditional genetic resources.
2. NBA directly monitors and supervises the
159 2012 Biodiversity
scientific research on genetic modification of crop
plants.
3. Application for Intellectual Property Rights
related to genetic/biological resources cannot be made
without the approval of NBA.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3