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Essential Steps in the Research Process

This document outlines the main steps of the research process which include formulating a research question, reviewing literature, defining hypotheses, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and writing a report. It also discusses factors that can vary research such as the problem suitability, existing information, study design, measurement validity and reliability, available resources, and investigator skills. Additional sections cover where research topics come from, criteria for selecting research areas including specialty, feasibility, uniqueness, and ethics. Guidelines are provided for writing a clear, specific research question and title.

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Abo Ali
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7 views4 pages

Essential Steps in the Research Process

This document outlines the main steps of the research process which include formulating a research question, reviewing literature, defining hypotheses, designing a study, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting results, and writing a report. It also discusses factors that can vary research such as the problem suitability, existing information, study design, measurement validity and reliability, available resources, and investigator skills. Additional sections cover where research topics come from, criteria for selecting research areas including specialty, feasibility, uniqueness, and ethics. Guidelines are provided for writing a clear, specific research question and title.

Uploaded by

Abo Ali
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Research Process Main Steps

Sampling
Collect data
Analyze data
Interpret results
Discuss the findings
Write report
Research Process Main Steps
Formulate research question
Search the literature
Define the hypotheses
Put objectives
Design the study
Factors of Research Variations
The purpose and value of a particular study vary greatly and depend on:
1. The suitability of the problem for investigation;
2. The adequacy and availability of existing information;
3. The type of study design used and its relative advantages and disadvantages
of each design;
4. The validity and reliability of the measurements made;
5. The availability of resources (time, money, personnel) ;
6. The skills and intelligence of the investigator;
Where do research topic come from ?
[Link] of practical problems in the field as careful observation of patients
or teaching .
2. mastering the literature in specific field thinking of ways to extend or refine
previous research .
3. being alert to new ideas and techniques .
4. Requests For Proposals (RFPs) that are published by government agencies
and some companies.
5. Creativity and imagining new answers to old question .
Select of Research area
Criteria for the selection of research topic is based on the following:
1. Researcher's:
 Specialty
 Interest
 Scientific background
 Experience
2. Feasibility of study: Availability of resources and cost-effectiveness
(manpower, time, equipment and money) [Link]: Avoidance of
duplication
4. The problem impact on health (Relevance):
 Magnitude
 Seriousness
 Preventability
 Curability
 Available interventions
 Proposed solutions
5. Political acceptability of study
6. Ethical acceptability: the possibility of inflict harm on others while carrying
out the research
Therefore, consider important ethical issues such as:
 How acceptable is the research to those who will be studied?
 Can informed consent be obtained from the research subjects?
 Confidentiality of data collected .
Research question
 Research question is the uncertainty that the investigator wants to
resolve.
 It often starts with a wide general concern that must narrowed down to
a concrete researchable issue
 A good research question should pass the So what? Test
Research Question
Research question should be Clear specific, and finding an answer to the
question will solve or at least help in solving the problem to be studied
Characteristics of a good research question should be "FINER"
1. F= Feasible:
 Adequate number of subject
 Adequate technical expertise
 Affordable in time and money
 Manageable in scope
2. I- Interesting to the investigator
3. N= Novel : has no answer by common sense and no answer in the
LITERATURE
 Confirms or refutes previous findings
 Extends previous findings Provides new findings
4. E = Ethical;
5. R = Relevant:
 To scientific knowledge .
 To clinical and health policy
 To future research directions

Research Title
A good research title should be:
[Link], accurate, and concise.
2. It should make the central objectives of the study clear to the reader;
3. It is important to specify what population will be investigated, where the
study will be conducted and when .

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