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Ceramic DialecticProtective coating Ceramic disc (dielectric) Electrode Hold-off-kink ——~ Connecting wire IELECTRONICSBOOM (0) @electronicsboom} IEIREUTT SYMBOLS 5, rats evectrones wer cnet) wi 9 ALTERNSTOR Wain Terminal TRIAC ATRIAC And — Cate Ammeter (connate ® Sa e4ovORe Main Texminal2 AND Gate AND Gate T | Antena ni Antenna a Antenna, ‘Antenna Y Na top, Sheed { Loop, Ure nlaned Attenuator, txea Attenuator, variable + (Gee Resistor) ql z (eee Resistor) ee Battery + Bilateral Switch Bridge Rectifier, BUFFER > ac) (Ore dae ‘ampliter Gate) BUFFER Capacitor Ganercaty “Lb | Buzzer Reiman Capacitor LL | Capacitor potarisea mi +L | Capacitor Es ronpolarises === _| tee electontey ST T= | variable CavityResonator -2a-| Cell * CircuitBreaker 7 Coadal Cable CRO = Cathoae Ray Crystal Microphone Ostiloscope Pezoeecic) Connectors Crystal es 1 voltage: Le | be ‘ ug atk, conser | Darlinaton ~—@) Transistor on aoe NS DelayLine 3 DIAC x Gis tom | oto & Dede Diode - cunn Diode - Light emiting Diode * (LED) Photo Sensitive Diode ay * rece wT | Rose maage Ste Diose-Pn Diode-Varactor pf | Diode - Zener * t Ea + Earpiece (earphone, crystal emia) Electrolurinescence # Electret Microphone (Condenser mic) Electrovic (Ponieea Session He | Electroytic - Tanatalum Lb Exclusive OR Gate > tteratesynbots nee wS = Gpostve ontop) lackloand or ee chamter Exclusive-OR Gate ak rca | ROM Fh Field Effect cron | Field Effect oan | FlashingLED @ Transistor cae Transistor cae {Light Eriting Diode) a (ED mehannet ‘souce| GED prerannel sce | pcgasiaie wu teoye7 also: N-Channel J FET also: P-Channel J FETCIRCUIT SYMBOLS = eaeDifferent Clipping CircuitsUltimate Chart of Computer Connectors and Ports USB, Keyboard and Mouse 595° 80em a= ag e "€e Zi ae 4 a é=-BAbrief history of a = HT if Ms € I iphase sequence input motor T-S-R_ Connection Connection We iA ld vin iy A iii<| i = windings are sarDIFFERENT2 Darlington Motor “ Speed Controlgy on We (COMPACT FLUORESCENT BASES (Not Actual Sizes) FLUORESCENT BASE: te wi te yc] forsay)\ i : ig g B Bir ach] 4) g “i pt eeee \\ [ | \ \h‘Screw Terminal box lid Gasket ' 1 ' it = ‘Twrrminal box base ria ‘Cable Giand Terminal Board Gasket 4 Frame . @ \ : o. Cirelip _ 0 nl Rear E ‘Wave Wash = Bearing - Nameplate 1 Bearing Rotor Stator FeetElectrical loads Fixture/appliance Run wattage Incandescent bulbs Bulb wattage Fluorescent lamps Bulb wattage x 1.2 Kitchen Microwave 1,260 Toaster 1,055 Drip coffee maker 850 Dishwasher* 1,150 20 cu. ft. refrigerator* 700 19" color TV 75 50" projection screen TV 180 DSS satellite receiver 15 Stereo VCR 22 Stereo amplifier 75 CD player 5 Tape deck 6 Circular saw* 1,400 Deep well pump* 1,000 Heating hot water loop pump* 98 Aquarium pump, heater, and light 145 Desktop computer and monitor 210 Inkjet printer 17 Fax machine 20 Cordless phone 2 60-gallon hot water heater 4,500 Clothes washer* 500. Furnace blower fan* 700 Electrical loads that include a motor or compressor noted with an asterisk (*) will have a momentary startup in-rush of electrical current almost double the normal run time wattage shown in the table, which could easily exceed your generator’s peak capacity. Double the run time wattage estimates shown for all motor loads to make sure your generator can handle this initial start-up surge. Also note that all fluorescent lights have a ballast load that is accounted for by using the indicated 1.2 muttiplier.+— “Wasted” ElectricityEnergia utilizada Eficiencia = —— —— + Energia suministrada al aparato —3kWh 5 kWh = 0.60tectremegnatic Spectrum lant er) AL opeub yo, . S uence 7] at T 3 q 3 wisn " 3 wile a nor wave, gamma Au 5 nun igh io Horo} aot 2_Wojelanatn (meters) pea 3006 ype pt Wants 7Konempyxyun mex ‘sano TPUOD, - mperntexmpoduan rrexmponnan nasina Kowemspynciqut YVetodwae oGonwawene Gere - peysnop anoduoee mona ® @ He ter. blogspatrent, _ ned coupes, ‘SMEKTPOHHO - NYYEBAA TPYBKA Bapaoweunaie wacmnyse 6 atexuposntonaysebon mpyBxe ‘Traci acoso 9 Fypomains —Bomnza spe nonadae waxpan Bepmcassno ome conmouue nancies ya eya ELENPease ed Ca esSources + Relay / Transformer =~ ©ee # “UIE > ay ate — Resistors 5) tH hy j i Ye atur- Wace) ele) oyElectronics an akafug u JP Reference Sheet v1.0 ¥ + Anode Digit Matiplar Toloranco 2 eeiheda 001 10% a1 ast LED CAPACITOR REGULATOR 0 1 2 10 a © im alo lilo wa ; MAGS can om w028% wasaaty Gx 71M sat color oe 7" a oo Go A sour : -— al ‘GND en NOISE (CAP) 1st Digit " 2nd Digit jab Multiplier sa riled Multiplier (NPN transistor (Current sink) vec N-channel MOSFET vec Tos2 soTzs sor23 6 = | Be ol a "¥ i INPUT EBC ten eno alt PNP transistor (Current source) P-channel MOSFET ‘GND wee vec TO-92 Sores weet BE oS cai = = BUTE bE Gate || ‘Source e. cee - I ss pA ano (C)2012 Akafugu Corporation. Comments and suggestions are welcome at info@[Link]aa + Gapacitor is used to store hoa $ __ alecrieal energy. Copachances COR ees cask poskieest) (OEP F Asan defined as the ratio of the: bringing a unit postive chae __ Fora system of two charges from infinity 9 4 point in 1a tintet np ‘charge stored to the potential rnc tanh cage vet cece feces vee nat | ‘teeyatray pity = BS | me staipt Riegune pu =) Potential energy of dipole in Saree) TCO) = pE (cos, 208) = When niall ay = 0 enue: “Toshield anelecronic circuit from external fied ut field by surroundingit acceptor a vith conducting walls cae a = on A Caen” (Hpslainy condetn borate au eager Sac beingstruckby lightning: If an electrte charge tx imparted tothe inside ofa spherical conductor, itis ‘An electrostatic generator stibated ecthely on its design to produce high ‘outer surface Wollage of the order of 10 + Pointed ends cannot retain million vole, used to, charge due to high shag acceeratecharged particles. density onthess.lan [Link] (2018/08/20) 12 dB per Octave Crossover Table Values a1 li ui g Cis High-Pass Filter (12dB) Low-Pass Filter (12dB) L = Inductors, C = Capacitors Speaker Impedance 2 Ohms 4 0hms 8 Ohms Frequency u cl u c1 uu cl. 80Hz | 5.5mH |680uF | 11 mH |330 uF | 22 mH |180 uF 100Hz | 4.7 mH [560 uF | 9.1 mH [270 uF | 18 mH | 150 uF 130HZ | 3.3mH |400 uF | 6.8mH |200 uF | 15 mH | 100 uF 200Hz | 2.2 mH |300 uF | 4.7 mH | 150 uF | 9.1 mH | 75 uF 260 Hz | 1.8 mH |200 uF | 3.6 mH | 100 uF | 6.8 mH | 50 uF 400 Hz | [Link] | 150 uF | 2.2 mH | 68 uF | 4.7 mH | 33 UF 600Hz {0.75 mH |100 uF | 1.5mH | 47uF | 3mH | 27 uF s00Hz | 0.5mH | 68uF | 1mH | 33uF | 2mH | 15 uF 1000 Hz [0.47 mH | SO uF |0.91 mH | 27 uF | 1.8mH | 13 uF 1200 Hz |0.33 mH | 44 uF [0.75 mH | 22 uF | 1.5 mH | 11 uF 1800 Hz |0.27mH | 30uF | [Link] | 15uF | 1mH | 6.8 uF 4000 Hz | 0.1mH | 15 uF |0.22 mH | 6.8 UF |0.47 mH | 3.3 UF 6000 Hz | 75uH | 10 uF [0.15 mH | 4.7 UF |0.33 mH | 2.2 uF 9000Hz | 50uH |6.8 uF | 0.1 mH | 3.3 UF |0.23 mH | 1.5 uF 12000 Hz | 39uH |4.7uF | 75uH [2.2 uF |0.15mH| 1 uFDispncaur Fuse tum | oe bm ine { 5 Sent 168 tert : a : aie | ae m Oy: fa | = a nmo>| omer | me | mA esl tame | me | me : [=| = ie Parone | seme | ak | : tiem | an ae sin psssmce | sate [we | em [mow en | me we = en! om tow |e = - | ma ae tow | mA sS | srw net 28 rs we = | ms vom ns anche cheutfant 220 * > ea ‘i idaccurentoner sored) aaa aie ~ see ad ,_ =" soo tent | mA seat roo te te wae Brak Fi time | mA SCA a i qoum[ tor | ms | mecircuit symbols ANDGate | {+ Antenna Loop, Steed Attenuator, fred (CeeRecitor) Bilateral Swatch (uc BUFFER ‘Arnpliior Gatoy Capacitor nom-polatised = aoa Connectors: sr SS = Pug Jacke (male) (female) & e 4 eae Electret Microphone © Condenser mic) crocs nen He alternate symbots: Tv (postive cat) a ae ae of -b L a mi Effect ‘Transistor (FET) p channel also: P-Channel. FET ‘Camly Resonator Coaxial Cable Diode Phote Sencitve Diode - Pin erpieee Sy colce) ‘ra ome eS TT ALTERNISTOR TRIAC ATRAC and 33-4946 AND Gate Antenna Loop, Unstielded Attenuator, variable (200 Resistor) Buzzer Capacitor poiarisea ¢L, +L (See-electene) Cell Crystal Microphone Pemeete) ow t ® Oh Crystal g Piezoelectnc ole Darlington ase Trane 4% Diode + Photovalaic ot Diode-Varactor apf Earth Sound Electrolytic -Tanatalum , Exclusive-OR Gate CXOR Gate) > FlashingLED (LIGMTEMiting Diode) am (hetentee chip insige LED) Ammeter (met AY Ante ntenna WT Antenna nite YY Battery oc + BUFFER moma 8 Capacitor Geomougn we Capacitor Se Variable Circuit Breaker Delay Line DIAC (itsteral Svetend Diode Diode ~ oun Diode - rightemiing + (Led) Diode Brides wk ‘Briope Rect?) “ee __7 Exclusive-OR Gate ‘OR Gate) Field Effect ran ‘Transistor (FET) n-channel igo: N-Channel J FET ome ‘Source Fuse ooCIRCUIT SYMBOLS | ed ota Tt a Govwomeer GT ote ence oe ne a = =— —e}- e= a. “fora | Sem [Geeta | ES |Imaginary a re Ze FengLength SS Core Diameter Number of turns 2 5 Where: L = Inductance in henries (H) p= permeability (Wb/A +m) N = number of turns in coil A= areaencircled by coil (m?) 1 =lenth of coil (m)Inductors in an AC Circuit ' 4, — Supt Ay =AVggg St 0 di F teermmmominte BoE 0 LN if = AViasin ot shnatrd) AV. i eo ai = AY=sinot Th capt ut thi tape integrating notte sinot = — Ate esot AV oe sin (ot — =i Seon rmacnumewron 1. = AVau Contin eweove recta eRe WE wotette nw = AYES eX, = Voltage across an inductor Ao, = ~14 = AV, sin wt = — Iu X,sin ot Capacitors in an AC Circuit v= Ang sin ‘rctotts Votagesum rule Av - Av. =0 |Av = Ay. = AV, sinat C2 a CAVgsingh iar seme = oCAY,,, sin(wt + > sistance Voltage across an Cepacitor Ay, = AV, Sinot = Inox Xesin otLOW-PASS FILTERS: 4 m-derived 7 section on derived end sections for use With intermediate 7 section af. 8 &: % SYR % zy ort. Es m=derved T section sm =derived end sections for se with intermediate T section eG o310R ¢ 518/108) fo FcR mm—derived end section for use with indermedlate Teection Gonstont-k section Three element Tsection + 93188 796(f-F, 0 ) 1. 22667 104 ores (fefDR ¢ 31800" ¢_726(fr-f)io* | _aomedt-tDR 4 OCG AR ER ESR 2 + 3.18(108) 0796 (iefa)® ¢ 316 (105) Srl SRR AC Fig, 253 — Basi filter sections and design formulas. In the above formulas R isn ohms, Cin frads, in henrys, and fin eyeles per second,Pease ed Ca esEpoxy lens/case Wire bond Reflective cavity Semiconductor die zn } Leadframe Post Flat spotLight Emitting Diodes BBE. peeex o> ap High Hi oer H ie i 5 3 > 3 3 2 3 > 3 a 3 5 3 3 3 B $ 5 5 ey % 5 2 * > a» a i 2 te) HEEHEER TEL HEP pin ‘ f eee: ane ti i Ss = i ‘ : ai 1 ale zesle a, | Gg Suu |. 88588888. fee as wie epee F Buen iscs) ese susSeeeeeen, 2 ra rH > sr mo io i 19 10 * i » a8s.c88c88s.. b « > » 2 u B a % 5 iLOGIC GATES All gates can be made froma CD4011 or equiv (quad NAND gate IC) BlBySI AND Ag a fofofol 1 ST pe? folie 4 5: aJo}a aif A ATe]S) OR Aq, q Jofofa > pl ola |a ‘joy a4 ahha NAND) aa [> 4 ol4a]4 5 a}o}1 ajijo 1 2 war] Y Te Eo oop NOT VY XOR Ly Dy, @ Be OT 1s == Sor] ala SasolDIRECTION OF MAGNETIC FIELD DIRECTION OF RELATIVE CONDUCTOR MOTION 4 FLUX EXPANDING SWITCH CLOSED CURRENT INCREASING DIRECTION OF MAGNETIC FIELD LEFT HAND DIRECTION OF RELATIVE CONDUCTOR MOTIONMICROCONTROLLER COMPARISON The top sight boards we cary in the Maker Shed. is-| se Arana bue | Mnbure | wewunoe |**=R0F" | raspoemyr | Beagiedone $58 sa38 sa88 35589 $93.99 (wietcuiro 1) [Curent Newest [Open Sourea “|Gpan Sourea [Single board [omear Jarsuino -|Campotbie |mierocontotior| merozonvaiter. [Linux [Arduino US loacedon a |boarsyau. [Programmed cout ARM ula youre |using bw NET rocessor. lon’ I IPacksmany [Breaaboars, [programming |propraming lnew features language. |language in Mega Uses an sesan lized form [Acduina layout |Arduing layout liorshieid. [forshveis acer. leompantatiy. _|eompavbiity. [Onboara USE lanaroie ADK [OI Ardune! [Programmed Programmes lOnsoara USS leonritar . fSuppar 2 lwie NET via lost ana |i2bRADC 1 nie lEmornot [Link] Framework. Most CAN Boara: ‘Arduino Uno ‘STMiero 32-bit | STIero [Link] | ARMTI76AZF- Processor: | ATmegai28 powcider aa POF Ant Cortex aa ATmegasaus | SAMEXEE | atmegaa2e Ma vewme | tewe2 | acne saommz | t6anmz | von | r2omnz DEGRO- | 221GRO- ‘Sigtal or | ‘digtator Bian. | 65 (GP0- igitarans | Digta and ‘Anaiog) | Anaiog) 6 2 2 JDighatPins | 146 Pw) | 20 (7 Pune) | 54 (12 PIR) Tae fromory | SERERR| SEEMS [sar oe ‘analog) ‘Cogn 3048 - BESS | Ramsi2veThree Phase Motor Construction Rotor Bars Exee BCH Terminal Box Rotor Stator Winding Fan rive End End Shield Non Drive Enc Shaft End Shield Rotor End Rings Fan Covel Shaft Key Beatings Stator ® Motor Feet or Bane Enclosure Mounting HoleMECHANICAL AND OPTICAL MOUSE DIAGRAM Mechanical and optical mice left click scroll wheel \f—_ pou ia mechanical mouseNPN BJT TRANSISTOROhm's Law sess [Link] + 176962991Basic Operational Amplifier Configurations Voltage Comparator | ‘Non- inverting Amplifier I inverting Amplifier Vs+ Vin + Nout ite 4 vin a i out is Vout - A Bes = we = Ri R2 os vou = J vse vi v2 Vout = Vin * (1 +R2) Vout = -Vin * (R2) Ve viva a Rt Voltage Fallower Inverting Summing Amplifier Differential Amplifier RI R2 oN vi Vai. vou Tay AWW 3 Vn Rn Rt Vout Vout 1" Veut = Vin v2. = WN = RRS Vout =- REVI Fi) a Rt Rn. Ri WRI RE and R2= RA Then J outs (EB) vey Differentiator Arnplifier Integrator Amplifier ANN Vout == R* 0" (avin aGrid No2 Grid Not Ii (sereen) I: (control) =4® Grid No.3 Cathode @ =} Suppressor Heater @ \ Insulatir sae OCoED Cage @ Assembly Tip @ Glass Interpin Shield @ Envelope > e * Button: Pin StemPLC execution model> = HowDoesAPLCWork? 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Carben Cylinder End Caps Car Im on bon Fil Ceramic Tubeby ice bey SIK-OHM 11%1/4 Watt Fr acerca 1/2 WattRPM Control Circuit TO-220ABco ms ba i=] LordResistors Variable Resistors Switches 5 = ie i a Vanable Potenti ‘SPST SPOT SP3T DPOT see Inductors Diodes Polarized LED Photodiode Schottky Zener Voltage Sources Batteries Voltage Nodes ee, Se "FE oe, ele T je abe ah ‘ceil Zeells GND GND _AGND. ° “of PNP NPN n-Channel MOSFETs Ae 4 |e @ 4 p-Channel MOSFETs Logic Gates Integrated Circuits ATMEGAIZEP_POP VEE PRONE) >) | PeAiADe2} 4] cho PAB Tnya5-20-SM TEOLrr Microcontrollers‘Optional rad for Use Optional Pad for USE GlockResistors Variable Resistors | Switches cone eae ao Se. SS Be. ho Poteniometer_ | SPST SPOT spar por Capacitors Inductors. Diodes e100 [ee gee Polarized LED Photodiode Schatihy ener - Voltage Sources Batteries Voltage Nodes. y > 4 i © 4 cal 2 colts SNO GND AGNO: BJTs n-Channel MOSFETs: p-Channel MOSFETs ote ab a [eo 4 Logic Gates JJ AND oF XOR NOT AND NOR NOR Integrated Circuits T Fp oe Operational Ampiors ‘otioge Ragutatons ‘GN PAGINA GAGE POP Tay 20-SH0T Ain MicrocontrelersPositive Regulators Negative Regulators ss SMa 10.92 7038 output Bb NC output sy “ee i“ a round wna 7 ho ground." fe da sb he input -" NC G4 ond input? 7BL__ cup? = 79L__ T0220 10.200 Input-—, Ground Ground-~ Input —* Output’ 7g__—« round Output" 79__ out T0220 T0220 Adjust. Adjust. ‘Output —" Input Minput’ LMGA7T Outmut Output LMag7T MPut FY Adjust wsaliegt Input u 7 ‘Output sorse = Adjustable inside a “chip Adjustable snipe pain anduyStarting capacitor 220” 240 VAC kw LE 0,093 20/30 0,124 30/40 0,185 40/70 0,249 60/80 0,373 80/110 0,560 108/140 0,746 138/182“R= resistance‘Choose stator side wth 3 geints. ‘When tnishest eth the fest foot, Use am wire and fold t doule iio 2teath and wind Te tume en Leaving 10em 43 lead wire, tart the dn tooth, exactly the came as ‘winding clockwise, \Vshen fished wth the éthtoett, ‘52sin ship Pteeth endastothe thio be clockwise New wind he 7th toctnthe enme The tet phaze te nave tniched. 85 the previous two teeth, Propate another wire are niet the 2nd, sth and Eth teeth. See ext nguie Fray, inelthe 2 remaringtesth. Lesng 1Sep, cit the 3 resin: cerns of the wires, scrape the enamel otf, twist together an solver. Insulate ‘witha short piece of heat shrink tubing po Put heat shrink tubing on the Slesd res ‘Assembly Yew Cutaway View _Agoembing the metor Insertthe motor shaft into the megnet bell and use LocHHts to secure & se Lockie to secure the ststor anc besrnge to the hesrrg hausing, Apex mein.TRANSISTOR AS A SWITCH ——_ £ a Tg =Collector Base Emitter GS Electrical and Electronics CollectorDIFFERENTPNP Transistor NPN Transistor Emitter Collector Emitter Collector a). Physical Construction E c cE oh 5 ot p> B b). Two-diode Analoy = B + Vee + Ee Ge moe ie Ves Is Ves B “ss 6 a ~~. ba c). Circuit Symbols VerUseful Electrical Formulas To Obtain Single Three Phaset Phaset 1.7382 xVxL Kilowatis ae x PF 1000 VxLl 1.732 xVxLb ee 1000 = 1000 Horsepower required kw when generator kW Toes kW unknown (if generator ee 0.746 x Efficiency efficiency is unknown, ne ae) (Generator) (Generator) kW input when motor hp known (if motor effi- eee HP x 0.746 ciency is unknown, use Ne cy Efficiency (Motor) 0.85 x hp) eo) HP x 0.746 HP x 0.746 Ames ODP) ayer | 1 2a VRE Efficiency Efficiency Amperes when kW is kW x 1000 kW x 1000 known V x PF heise Vo Pr Amperes when kW-Ais — kV-A x 1000 kV-A x 1000 known v 1.732 x VWHEATSTONE BRIDGE 40 ohmsWire Color Code RED Indicates the secondary live wires in a 220-volt circuit, used In some types of switch legs and in the interconnec- tion between smoke detectors that are hard-wired into the power system. GREEN Indicates the grounding of an electric clrcult. YELLOW AND BLUE are also used to cary power but are not for wiring the outlets for commen plug-in electrical devices. WHITE AND GRAY Indicate a neutral wire. BLACK Is used for power In all circuits.STANDARDIZED WIRING DIAGRAM SYMBOLS